Research Article
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The Investigation of Some Soil and Morphological Properties of Trees in Conversion of Marsh into Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehn) Different Ages Plantation, (Mediterranean Region – Turkey)

Year 2019, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 197 - 213, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.625684

Abstract

Aim of study: To determine soil and tree morphological
properties in eucalyptus forests of difference between three age groups.



Area of study: This research was carried out in eucalyptus
plantation that has been established for both marsh rehabilitation and agro-industrial purposes.



Material and
Method:
In each sampling plot
(select randomly from three differently aged plantation forests.), soil
properties and morphological characteristics of thirty-six trees were
investigated.



Main results: According to the obtained findings, the soil
properties (0-30 cm) changed with the increasing age of the plantation. There was a little difference in
the soil properties (30-60 cm). Investigations on the morphological
characteristics of seedling found average diameters (d1.3) of 11.7 -
14.5 - 21.5 cm, in the plantations aged and average lengths of 11.0 - 15.8 -
21.7 m, 3, 5, and 9 years-old respectively. The morphological properties of
trees were statistically significant at the 0.05 level.



Highlights: Rapid development in tree height in the early
years, followed by rapid growth in diameter in the sapling years is understood.
The soil properties of the research area were determined to be quite suitable
for eucalyptus species.

Supporting Institution

TUBITAK

Project Number

1919B011502612

Thanks

We thank TUBITAK for its contribution. We would also like to thank the Directorate of the Eastern Mediterranean Forestry Research Institute and the Karabucak Forestry sub-district headquarters for helping with the database and fieldwork. The authors would like to especially thank anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions which improved the quality of the paper. The authors would like to thank Bianka Martinez (native speaker) for her grammatical revision of the manuscript

References

  • Anonymous. (2016a). Karabucak 4th industrial afforestation application project. Mersin Forest District Directorate, Tarsus Forest Management Directorate, Karabucak Forest Management Conduct, (pp. 75). Tarsus, Turkey.
  • Anonymous. (2016b). Tarsus meteorological station, meteorological data table. p. 3. OSİB, General Directorate of Meteorology, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Avcıoğlu, E. (1990). Eucalyptus, breeding, and management. 50th year of eucalyptus breeding in Turkey. Journal of Poplar and Rapidly Developing Foreign Forest Trees Research Institute, 1, 21-50.
  • Ayata, Ü. (2008). Research of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus Camaldulensis and Eucalyptus grandis) wood properties and their use in the paper industry. (pp. 105). Postgraduate Thesis. Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. The University of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam.
  • Atalay, İ., Efe, R. & Öztürk. (2014). Ecology and classification of Forest in Turkey. The 3rd International Geography Symposium – Geo MED 2013 Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 120, 788-805.
  • Blake, G. R. & Hartge, K. H. (1986). Bulk density, in Klute, A. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis Part 1 Physical and mineralogical methods 2nd ed, SSSA Book Series 5.1, (pp. 363-375). Soil Science Society of America, Madison, USA.
  • Bonilla, C.A. & Gonzalo, B.C.U. (2002). Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Precipitation and Soil Water Content at Three Forest Sites of the VIII Region of Chile. Agricultura Técnica (Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research). 62(4), 541-554.
  • Bot, A. & Benites, J. (2005). The importance of soil organic matter: Key to drought-resistant soil and sustained food and production. FAO Soils Bulletin: 80. ISBN 92-5-105366-9.
  • Bouyoucos, G. J. (1951). A recalibration of the hydrometer for making mechanical analysis of soil. Journal of Agronomy, 43, 434-438.
  • Boydak, M. (2008). Industrial plantations and importance in Turkey. (pp. 1-11). 1th National Eucalyptus Symposium Book, 15-17 April 2008, Tarsus.
  • Cassel, D. K. & Nielsen, D. R. (1986). Field capacity and available water capacity, in Klute, A. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis Part 1 Physical and mineralogical methods 2nd ed, SSSA Book Series 5.1, (pp. 901-924). Soil Science Society of America, Madison, USA.
  • Cook, R. L., Binkey, D. & Stape, J. L. (2016). Eucalyptus plantation effects on soil carbon after 20 years and three rotations in Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management, 359, 92-98.
  • Dresel, E.P., Dean, J.F., Perveen, F., Webb, J.A., Hekmeijer, P., Adelana, S., M. & Daly, E. (2018). Effect of Eucalyptus plantations, geology, and precipitation variability on water resources in upland intermittent catchments. Journal of Hydrology. 564, 723-739.
  • Dohrenbusch, A. (2011). The role of deforestation and afforestation for the global carbon sequestration. (pp. 31-57). In: Fehrmann, L., Klein, C. (Ed.), 2nd International Workshop on Forests in Climate Change Research and Policy. Cuvillier Verlag Göttingen, Pietermaritzburg and Durban, South Africa.
  • FAO, (2001). Mean annual volume increment of selected industrial forest plantation species. (pp. 1-27). by L. Ugalde and O. Pérez. In: FAO, (Ed.) Forest Plantation Thematic Papers, Working Paper 1. Forest Resources Development Service, Forest Resources Division. Rome, Italy. Available at http://www.fao.org/3/a-ac121e.pdf, (accessed July 2016).
  • Florence, R.G. (1986). Cultural problems of Eucalyptus as exotics. Comm. For Rev. 65(2), 141-163.
  • Göksuakar, A. (2002). Techniques of growing Eucalyptus seedlings in Tarsus-Karabucak forest nursery. (pp. 10-110). Postgraduate Thesis. Faculty of Forestry, University of Süleyman Demirel, Isparta, Turkey.
  • Gürses, M. K., Ertaş, M. R. Gülbaba, A. G. & Özkurt, A. (1994). The Project of research of the development of some eucalyptus species and origins in different salinity soil. (pp. 1-45). The result report in 1994, Eastern Mediterranean Forestry Research Directorate, Tarsus.
  • Herrmann, J. D., Opatovsky, I., Lubin, Y., Pluess, T., Regev, E. G. & Entling, M. H. (2015). Effects of non-native Eucalyptus plantations on epigeal spider communities in the northern Negev desert, Israel. Journal of Arachnology, 43(1), 101-106.
  • Jelić, G., Topić, V., Butorac, L., Đurđević, Z., Jazbec, A. & Oršanić, M. (2014). Container size and soil preparation effects on afforestation success of one year old stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) seedlings in Croatian Mediterranean area, Šumarski list, 9(10), 463-475.
  • Klašnja, B., Orlovıć, S. & Galıć, Z. (2012). The energy potential of poplar plantations in two spacing and two rotations. Šumarski list, 3(4), 161-167.
  • Liang, J., Reynolds, T., Wassie, A., Collins, C. & Wubalem, A. (2016). Effects of exotic Eucalyptus spp. plantations on soil properties in and around sacred natural sites in the northern Ethiopian Highlands. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 1(2), 175-193.
  • Liao, C., Luo, Y., Fang, C., Chen, J. & Li, B. (2012). The effects of plantation practice on soil properties based on the comparison between natural and planted forests: a meta-analysis. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 21, 318–327.
  • Loppert, R. H. & Suarez, D. L. (1996). Carbonate and gypsum. (pp. 437-476). In: JM Bartels, (Edt.), Methods of soil analysis part 3. chemical methods. SSSA Book Series, No. 5, American Society of Agronomy Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
  • Madeira, M. A. V. (1989). Changes in Soil Properties under Eucalyptus Plantations in Portugal. In: Pereira J.S., Landsberg J.J. (eds) Biomass Production by Fast-Growing Trees. NATO ASI Series (Series E: Applied Sciences), 166, Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Nelson, D.W. & Sommers, L.E. (1996). Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter, in Sparks, D.L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods, SSSA Book Ser. 5. 3. (pp. 961-1010). Madison, USA, Soil Science Society of America.
  • Özkurt, A., Özkurt, N. & Tüfekçi, S. (2002). Determination of the Eucalyptus Amount of Irrigation Water and Irrigation Interval in Eucalyptus Plantations in Tarsus - Karabucak Region. Eastern Mediterranean Forestry Research Institute, Technical Bulletin 203, 26-46.
  • Öztürk, A. (1994). The structure and economy of eucalyptus ındustry in Çukurova region. (pp. 1-147). Postgraduate Thesis. Adana, Turkey. The University of Çukurova.
  • Polat, S., Polat, O. & Tüfekçi, S. (2011). The ecological story of the transition from Lake Rhegma to the marsh, from marsh to eucalyptus forests. Ecology 2011 Abstract Book, (pp.1-148). 5-7 May 2011, University of Düzce, Turkey. 248 p.
  • Polat, S., Polat, O., Kantarcı, M. D., Tüfekçi, S. & Aksay, Y. (2014). The relationships between height growth and some site conditions in the forest of Cedrus (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) Pinus nigra (Pinus nigra Arnold.) in Mersin-Kadıncık catchment. Journal of Forestry Research 1(A1), 22-37.
  • Rhoades, J. D. (1996). Salinity: Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids, in Sparks, D.L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods, SSSA Book Ser. 5. 3., (pp. 417-436). Soil Science Society of America, Madison, USA.
  • Sandoval, S., Cancino, J., Esquivel, E., Acuna, E., Rubilar, R. & Espinosa, M. (2015). Evaluation of damage caused by Ectinogonia buquetti (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in dendroenergetic plantations of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Bosque (Valdivia) 36(2), 247-254.
  • SAS Institute Inc. 2012. SAS/ETS® 9.3 User’s Guide. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute Inc.
  • Sejdjo, R. A. & Lyon, K. S. (2015). World forest resources and production. (pp. 23-51). The long-term adequacy of world timber supply. Routledge Revivals, RFF Press, 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abington, Oxon, OX14 4RN and by Routledge, 711 Third Avenue, Newyork, NY 1007, USA.
  • Singwane, S. S. & Malinga, P. (2012). Impacts of pine and eucalyptus forest plantations on soil organic matter content in Swaziland -Case of Shiselweni Forests. J Sustain Dev. Afr. 14, 137-151.
  • Souza, G. M., Gonçalves, A. N. & Almeida, M. de. (1999). Water deficit in relation to leaf and stem anatomy of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. shoots cultivated in vitro. Sci. Agric. 56(3), 723-731.
  • Temesgen, D., Gonzalo, J. & Turrion, M. B. (2016). Effects of short-rotation Eucalyptus plantations on soil quality attributes in highly acidic soils of the central highlands of Ethiopia. Soil Use and Management, 32(2), 210-209.
  • Thomas, G. W. (1996). Soil pH and soil acidity. In: JM Bartels, (Edt.), Methods of soil analysis part 3. chemical methods. SSSA Book Series, No. 5, (pp. 475-490). American Society of Agronomy Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
  • Weil, R.R. & Brady, N.C, (2016). The Nature and Properties of Soils. Fifteenth Edition, Columbus: Pearson Publishing Company ISBN-10: 0-13-325448-8.
  • Williams, J. E. & Woinarsky, J. C. Z. (Edt.). (1997). Eucalypt Ecology: individuals ecosystems. (pp. 1-427). Cambridge University Press, The Pitt Building, Trumping ton Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
  • Wu, J.P., Liu, Z. F., Sun, Y.X., Zhou, L.X., Lin, Y. B. & Fu, A. L. (2013). Introduced Eucalyptus urophylla plantations change the composition of soil microbial community in subtropical China. Land Degradation & Development, 24, 400-406.
  • Yıldızbakan, A. & Saraçoğlu, Ö. (2008). Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.). (pp. 230-243). 1th National Eucalyptus Symposium Book, 15-17 April 2008, Tarsus, Turkey.
  • Yusong, C., Shenglei, F., Xiaoming, Z., Honglin, C., Yuanhu, S. & Lixia, Z. (2010). Soil microbial community composition under Eucalyptus Plantations of different age in subtropical China. European Journal of Soil Biology, 46, 128-135.
  • Zhang, D., Zhang, J., Yang, W. & Wu, F. (2012). Effects of afforestation with Eucalyptus grandis on soil physicochemical and microbiological properties. Soil Res. 50, 167-176.

Bataklıktan Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehn) Plantasyon Ormanına Dönüştürülen Alanda Bazı Toprak ve Ağaç Morfolojik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi (Akdeniz Bölgesi - Türkiye)

Year 2019, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 197 - 213, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.625684

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı: Bu çalışmanın amacı, üç farklı
dikim zamanına sahip Okaliptüs plantasyon orman sahalarında, ağaçların bazı
morfolojik özellikleri ve toprak özelliklerinin incelenmesidir.



Çalışma alanı: Bu araştırma, Tarsus-Karabucak Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehn) endüstriyel
plantasyon sahasında yürütülmüştür.



Materyal ve Yöntem: Araştırmada,
üç farklı yaş grubu (3 - 5 - 9 yaş) plantasyon sahalarında, tesadüfi
parsellerde birer örnekleme alanı belirlenmiştir. Örnekleme alanlarda, toprak
özellikleri ve 36 ağaçta bazı morfolojik özellikler araştırılmıştır.



Sonuçlar: Elde edilen bulgulara göre yüzey
toprakları orta ve hafif bünyeli, toprak reaksiyonları alkali ve orta alkali,
kireç miktarı %25 - 59, tuzsuz, organik madde miktarı %2.02 - 3.68, hacim
ağırlığı 0.96 - 1.06 gr.cm-3 özellik göstermiştir. Fidanların
morfolojik özellikleri incelendiğinde ortalama çaplar 3 - 5 ve 9 yaş
gruplarında sırasıyla 11.7 - 14.5 - 21.5 cm, ortalama boylar ise aynı yaş
sıralamasına göre 11.0 - 15.8 - 21.7 m dir. Farklı yaş gruplarına ait ağaçların
morfolojik özellikleri istatistiksek olarak önemli fark göstermiştir
(P<0.005).



Önemli vurgular: Ağaçların erken yaşlarda hızlı
boy gelişimi, ilerleyen yaşlarda ise hızlı çap gelişimi yaptıkları
anlaşılmıştır. Okaliptüs türü için araştırma alanı toprak özelliklerinin
oldukça uygun olduğu ve buna bağlı olarak dikilen fidanların yüksek çap ve boy
gelişim gösterdikleri belirlenmiştir.

Project Number

1919B011502612

References

  • Anonymous. (2016a). Karabucak 4th industrial afforestation application project. Mersin Forest District Directorate, Tarsus Forest Management Directorate, Karabucak Forest Management Conduct, (pp. 75). Tarsus, Turkey.
  • Anonymous. (2016b). Tarsus meteorological station, meteorological data table. p. 3. OSİB, General Directorate of Meteorology, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Avcıoğlu, E. (1990). Eucalyptus, breeding, and management. 50th year of eucalyptus breeding in Turkey. Journal of Poplar and Rapidly Developing Foreign Forest Trees Research Institute, 1, 21-50.
  • Ayata, Ü. (2008). Research of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus Camaldulensis and Eucalyptus grandis) wood properties and their use in the paper industry. (pp. 105). Postgraduate Thesis. Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. The University of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam.
  • Atalay, İ., Efe, R. & Öztürk. (2014). Ecology and classification of Forest in Turkey. The 3rd International Geography Symposium – Geo MED 2013 Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 120, 788-805.
  • Blake, G. R. & Hartge, K. H. (1986). Bulk density, in Klute, A. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis Part 1 Physical and mineralogical methods 2nd ed, SSSA Book Series 5.1, (pp. 363-375). Soil Science Society of America, Madison, USA.
  • Bonilla, C.A. & Gonzalo, B.C.U. (2002). Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Precipitation and Soil Water Content at Three Forest Sites of the VIII Region of Chile. Agricultura Técnica (Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research). 62(4), 541-554.
  • Bot, A. & Benites, J. (2005). The importance of soil organic matter: Key to drought-resistant soil and sustained food and production. FAO Soils Bulletin: 80. ISBN 92-5-105366-9.
  • Bouyoucos, G. J. (1951). A recalibration of the hydrometer for making mechanical analysis of soil. Journal of Agronomy, 43, 434-438.
  • Boydak, M. (2008). Industrial plantations and importance in Turkey. (pp. 1-11). 1th National Eucalyptus Symposium Book, 15-17 April 2008, Tarsus.
  • Cassel, D. K. & Nielsen, D. R. (1986). Field capacity and available water capacity, in Klute, A. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis Part 1 Physical and mineralogical methods 2nd ed, SSSA Book Series 5.1, (pp. 901-924). Soil Science Society of America, Madison, USA.
  • Cook, R. L., Binkey, D. & Stape, J. L. (2016). Eucalyptus plantation effects on soil carbon after 20 years and three rotations in Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management, 359, 92-98.
  • Dresel, E.P., Dean, J.F., Perveen, F., Webb, J.A., Hekmeijer, P., Adelana, S., M. & Daly, E. (2018). Effect of Eucalyptus plantations, geology, and precipitation variability on water resources in upland intermittent catchments. Journal of Hydrology. 564, 723-739.
  • Dohrenbusch, A. (2011). The role of deforestation and afforestation for the global carbon sequestration. (pp. 31-57). In: Fehrmann, L., Klein, C. (Ed.), 2nd International Workshop on Forests in Climate Change Research and Policy. Cuvillier Verlag Göttingen, Pietermaritzburg and Durban, South Africa.
  • FAO, (2001). Mean annual volume increment of selected industrial forest plantation species. (pp. 1-27). by L. Ugalde and O. Pérez. In: FAO, (Ed.) Forest Plantation Thematic Papers, Working Paper 1. Forest Resources Development Service, Forest Resources Division. Rome, Italy. Available at http://www.fao.org/3/a-ac121e.pdf, (accessed July 2016).
  • Florence, R.G. (1986). Cultural problems of Eucalyptus as exotics. Comm. For Rev. 65(2), 141-163.
  • Göksuakar, A. (2002). Techniques of growing Eucalyptus seedlings in Tarsus-Karabucak forest nursery. (pp. 10-110). Postgraduate Thesis. Faculty of Forestry, University of Süleyman Demirel, Isparta, Turkey.
  • Gürses, M. K., Ertaş, M. R. Gülbaba, A. G. & Özkurt, A. (1994). The Project of research of the development of some eucalyptus species and origins in different salinity soil. (pp. 1-45). The result report in 1994, Eastern Mediterranean Forestry Research Directorate, Tarsus.
  • Herrmann, J. D., Opatovsky, I., Lubin, Y., Pluess, T., Regev, E. G. & Entling, M. H. (2015). Effects of non-native Eucalyptus plantations on epigeal spider communities in the northern Negev desert, Israel. Journal of Arachnology, 43(1), 101-106.
  • Jelić, G., Topić, V., Butorac, L., Đurđević, Z., Jazbec, A. & Oršanić, M. (2014). Container size and soil preparation effects on afforestation success of one year old stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) seedlings in Croatian Mediterranean area, Šumarski list, 9(10), 463-475.
  • Klašnja, B., Orlovıć, S. & Galıć, Z. (2012). The energy potential of poplar plantations in two spacing and two rotations. Šumarski list, 3(4), 161-167.
  • Liang, J., Reynolds, T., Wassie, A., Collins, C. & Wubalem, A. (2016). Effects of exotic Eucalyptus spp. plantations on soil properties in and around sacred natural sites in the northern Ethiopian Highlands. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 1(2), 175-193.
  • Liao, C., Luo, Y., Fang, C., Chen, J. & Li, B. (2012). The effects of plantation practice on soil properties based on the comparison between natural and planted forests: a meta-analysis. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 21, 318–327.
  • Loppert, R. H. & Suarez, D. L. (1996). Carbonate and gypsum. (pp. 437-476). In: JM Bartels, (Edt.), Methods of soil analysis part 3. chemical methods. SSSA Book Series, No. 5, American Society of Agronomy Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
  • Madeira, M. A. V. (1989). Changes in Soil Properties under Eucalyptus Plantations in Portugal. In: Pereira J.S., Landsberg J.J. (eds) Biomass Production by Fast-Growing Trees. NATO ASI Series (Series E: Applied Sciences), 166, Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Nelson, D.W. & Sommers, L.E. (1996). Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter, in Sparks, D.L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods, SSSA Book Ser. 5. 3. (pp. 961-1010). Madison, USA, Soil Science Society of America.
  • Özkurt, A., Özkurt, N. & Tüfekçi, S. (2002). Determination of the Eucalyptus Amount of Irrigation Water and Irrigation Interval in Eucalyptus Plantations in Tarsus - Karabucak Region. Eastern Mediterranean Forestry Research Institute, Technical Bulletin 203, 26-46.
  • Öztürk, A. (1994). The structure and economy of eucalyptus ındustry in Çukurova region. (pp. 1-147). Postgraduate Thesis. Adana, Turkey. The University of Çukurova.
  • Polat, S., Polat, O. & Tüfekçi, S. (2011). The ecological story of the transition from Lake Rhegma to the marsh, from marsh to eucalyptus forests. Ecology 2011 Abstract Book, (pp.1-148). 5-7 May 2011, University of Düzce, Turkey. 248 p.
  • Polat, S., Polat, O., Kantarcı, M. D., Tüfekçi, S. & Aksay, Y. (2014). The relationships between height growth and some site conditions in the forest of Cedrus (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) Pinus nigra (Pinus nigra Arnold.) in Mersin-Kadıncık catchment. Journal of Forestry Research 1(A1), 22-37.
  • Rhoades, J. D. (1996). Salinity: Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids, in Sparks, D.L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods, SSSA Book Ser. 5. 3., (pp. 417-436). Soil Science Society of America, Madison, USA.
  • Sandoval, S., Cancino, J., Esquivel, E., Acuna, E., Rubilar, R. & Espinosa, M. (2015). Evaluation of damage caused by Ectinogonia buquetti (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in dendroenergetic plantations of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Bosque (Valdivia) 36(2), 247-254.
  • SAS Institute Inc. 2012. SAS/ETS® 9.3 User’s Guide. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute Inc.
  • Sejdjo, R. A. & Lyon, K. S. (2015). World forest resources and production. (pp. 23-51). The long-term adequacy of world timber supply. Routledge Revivals, RFF Press, 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abington, Oxon, OX14 4RN and by Routledge, 711 Third Avenue, Newyork, NY 1007, USA.
  • Singwane, S. S. & Malinga, P. (2012). Impacts of pine and eucalyptus forest plantations on soil organic matter content in Swaziland -Case of Shiselweni Forests. J Sustain Dev. Afr. 14, 137-151.
  • Souza, G. M., Gonçalves, A. N. & Almeida, M. de. (1999). Water deficit in relation to leaf and stem anatomy of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. shoots cultivated in vitro. Sci. Agric. 56(3), 723-731.
  • Temesgen, D., Gonzalo, J. & Turrion, M. B. (2016). Effects of short-rotation Eucalyptus plantations on soil quality attributes in highly acidic soils of the central highlands of Ethiopia. Soil Use and Management, 32(2), 210-209.
  • Thomas, G. W. (1996). Soil pH and soil acidity. In: JM Bartels, (Edt.), Methods of soil analysis part 3. chemical methods. SSSA Book Series, No. 5, (pp. 475-490). American Society of Agronomy Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
  • Weil, R.R. & Brady, N.C, (2016). The Nature and Properties of Soils. Fifteenth Edition, Columbus: Pearson Publishing Company ISBN-10: 0-13-325448-8.
  • Williams, J. E. & Woinarsky, J. C. Z. (Edt.). (1997). Eucalypt Ecology: individuals ecosystems. (pp. 1-427). Cambridge University Press, The Pitt Building, Trumping ton Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
  • Wu, J.P., Liu, Z. F., Sun, Y.X., Zhou, L.X., Lin, Y. B. & Fu, A. L. (2013). Introduced Eucalyptus urophylla plantations change the composition of soil microbial community in subtropical China. Land Degradation & Development, 24, 400-406.
  • Yıldızbakan, A. & Saraçoğlu, Ö. (2008). Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.). (pp. 230-243). 1th National Eucalyptus Symposium Book, 15-17 April 2008, Tarsus, Turkey.
  • Yusong, C., Shenglei, F., Xiaoming, Z., Honglin, C., Yuanhu, S. & Lixia, Z. (2010). Soil microbial community composition under Eucalyptus Plantations of different age in subtropical China. European Journal of Soil Biology, 46, 128-135.
  • Zhang, D., Zhang, J., Yang, W. & Wu, F. (2012). Effects of afforestation with Eucalyptus grandis on soil physicochemical and microbiological properties. Soil Res. 50, 167-176.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ceyhun Göl

Meliha Çiçek This is me

Project Number 1919B011502612
Publication Date September 30, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 19 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Göl, C., & Çiçek, M. (2019). The Investigation of Some Soil and Morphological Properties of Trees in Conversion of Marsh into Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehn) Different Ages Plantation, (Mediterranean Region – Turkey). Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 19(2), 197-213. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.625684
AMA Göl C, Çiçek M. The Investigation of Some Soil and Morphological Properties of Trees in Conversion of Marsh into Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehn) Different Ages Plantation, (Mediterranean Region – Turkey). Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. September 2019;19(2):197-213. doi:10.17475/kastorman.625684
Chicago Göl, Ceyhun, and Meliha Çiçek. “The Investigation of Some Soil and Morphological Properties of Trees in Conversion of Marsh into Eucalyptus Camaldulensis (Dehn) Different Ages Plantation, (Mediterranean Region – Turkey)”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 19, no. 2 (September 2019): 197-213. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.625684.
EndNote Göl C, Çiçek M (September 1, 2019) The Investigation of Some Soil and Morphological Properties of Trees in Conversion of Marsh into Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehn) Different Ages Plantation, (Mediterranean Region – Turkey). Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 19 2 197–213.
IEEE C. Göl and M. Çiçek, “The Investigation of Some Soil and Morphological Properties of Trees in Conversion of Marsh into Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehn) Different Ages Plantation, (Mediterranean Region – Turkey)”, Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 197–213, 2019, doi: 10.17475/kastorman.625684.
ISNAD Göl, Ceyhun - Çiçek, Meliha. “The Investigation of Some Soil and Morphological Properties of Trees in Conversion of Marsh into Eucalyptus Camaldulensis (Dehn) Different Ages Plantation, (Mediterranean Region – Turkey)”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 19/2 (September 2019), 197-213. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.625684.
JAMA Göl C, Çiçek M. The Investigation of Some Soil and Morphological Properties of Trees in Conversion of Marsh into Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehn) Different Ages Plantation, (Mediterranean Region – Turkey). Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2019;19:197–213.
MLA Göl, Ceyhun and Meliha Çiçek. “The Investigation of Some Soil and Morphological Properties of Trees in Conversion of Marsh into Eucalyptus Camaldulensis (Dehn) Different Ages Plantation, (Mediterranean Region – Turkey)”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, vol. 19, no. 2, 2019, pp. 197-13, doi:10.17475/kastorman.625684.
Vancouver Göl C, Çiçek M. The Investigation of Some Soil and Morphological Properties of Trees in Conversion of Marsh into Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehn) Different Ages Plantation, (Mediterranean Region – Turkey). Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2019;19(2):197-213.

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