Chemical Compounds and Biological Activity of Turkish Santolina chamaecyparissus L. Essential Oil by Microwave Assisted Distillation

Year 2021, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 165 - 175, 30.09.2021

Özge Süfer Ahmet Ceylan Dilşad Onbaşılı Gökçen Çelik Yuvalı Fuat Bozok

https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1000463

Abstract

Aim of study: The essential oil of S. chamaecyparissus (SEO) was isolated by microwave assisted distillation system to analyze the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
Area of study: S. chamaecyparissus were collected from Osmaniye province of Turkey in April 2018.
Material and method: The chemical constituents and groups (by GC/MS and FTIR spectroscopy, respectively), antioxidant (by DPPH technique) and antimicrobial activities (by agar disc diffusion method) of SEO were investigated.
Main results: Twenty aromatic compounds were determined and artemisia ketone (39.83%), camphor (17.65%), β-phellandrene (8.03%) and β-bisabolene (7.32%) were the most abundant. IC50 values which were the indicators of antioxidant behavior of SEO, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and gallic acid recorded as 88.301, 0.212 and 0.021 g/L respectively. The antimicrobial activity results showed that all tested microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans) were highly inhibited.
Highlights: SEO could be a good source of monoterpenes especially artemisia ketone. Its herbaceous fragrance may provide a new usage area in men’s perfumery.

Keywords

Santolina chamaecyparissus, Essential Oil, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity

Mikrodalga Destekli Destilasyon ile Elde Edilen Türk Santolina chamaecyparissus L. Uçucu Yağının Kimyasal Bileşikleri ve Biyolojik Aktivitesi

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı: S. chamaecyparissus uçucu yağı (SUY), antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktivitelerini belirlemek amacıyla izole edilmiştir.
Çalışma alanı: S. chamaecyparissus Türkiye’nin Osmaniye ilinden, Nisan 2018’de toplanmıştır.
Materyal ve yöntem: SUY’nin kimyasal bileşenleri ve grupları (sırasıyla gaz kromatografisi/kütle spektrometresi (GC/MS) ve Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FTIR) yoluyla), antioksidan aktivitesi (DPPH yöntemiyle) ve antimikrobiyal aktivitesi (agar disk difüzyon tekniğiyle) araştırılmıştır.
Temel sonuçlar: Yirmi aromatik bileşen tespit edilmiş olup, artemisia keton (%39.83), kamphor (%17.65), β-phellandren (%8.03) ve β-bisabolen (%7.32) uçucu yağda miktarı en fazla olanlardır. Antioksidan davranışın bir ölçüsü olan IC50 değeri yağda, bütil hidroksitoluende (BHT) ve gallik asitte sırasıyla 88.301, 0.212 ve 0.021 g/L olarak hesaplanmıştır. Antimikrobiyal bulguları da, tüm test edilen mikroorganizmaların (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans) SUY’da yüksek oranda inhibe olduğunu göstermiştir.
Araştırma vurguları: SUY, özellikle artemisia keton olmak üzere, monoterpenlerin iyi bir kaynağı olabilir. Yağın otsu kokusu, erkek parfümlerinde bu yağın yeni bir kullanım alanını açığa çıkartabilir.

Keywords

Santolina chamaecyparissus, Esansiyel Yağ, Antioksidan ve Antimikrobiyal Aktivite

References

• Albi, T., Lanzón, A., Guinda, A., León, M. & Pérez-Camino, M.C. (1997). Microwave and conventional heating effects on thermoxidative degradation of edible fats, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 45(10), 3795-3798.
• Baba, G., Lawal, A.O. & Shariff, H.B. (2012). Mosquito repellent activity and phytochemical characterization of essential oils from Striga hermonthica, Hyptis spicigera and Ocimum basilicum leaf extracts, British Journal of Pharmacological Toxicology, 3(2), 43-48.
• Barros, L., Calhelha, R.C., Vaz, J.A., Ferreira, I. C., Baptista, P. & Estevinho, L.M. (2007). Antimicrobial activity and bioactive compounds of Portuguese wild edible mushrooms methanolic extracts, European Food Research and Technology, 225(2), 151-156.
• Berechet, M.D., Manaila, E., Stelescu, M.D. & Craciun, G. (2017). The composition of essential oils obtained from Achillea millefolium and Matricaria chamomilla L. originary from Romania, Revista de Chimie, 68(12), 2787-2795.
• Bilia, A.R., Santomauro, F., Sacco, C., Bergonzi, M. C. & Donato, R. (2014). Essential oil of Artemisia annua L.: an extraordinary component with numerous antimicrobial properties, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Article ID: 159819, 1-7.
• Boudoukha, C., Elmastas, M. & Aksit, H. (2019). Antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of Santolina chamaecyparissus L. methanol extract. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 13(3), 260-267.
• Boutebouhart, H., Didaoui, L., Tata, S. & Sabaou, N. (2019). Effect of extraction and drying method on chemical composition and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from Salvia officinalis L., Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 22(3), 717-727.
• Brunke, E.J., Hammerschmidt, F.J. & Schmaus, G. (1992). The essential oil of Santolina chamaecyparissus L., Dragoco Reports, 39, 3-31.
• Calvo, M.I., Akerrata, S. & Cavero, R.Y. (2013). The pharmacological validation of medicinal plants used for digestive problems in Navarra Spain, European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 5, 537-546.
• Chan, W.P. & Wang, J. (2018). Formation of synthetic sludge as a representative tool for thermochemical conversion modelling and performance analysis of sewage sludge–Based on a TG-FTIR study, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 133, 97-106.
• Chi, P.T.L., Hung, P.V., Thanh, H. L. & Phi, N.T.L. (2019). Valorization of citrus leaves: chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils, Waste and Biomass Valorization, 11, 4849-4857.
• Demirci, B., Özek, T. & Başer, K.H.C. (2000). Chemical composition of Santolina chamaecyparissus L. essential oil, Journal of Essential Oil Research, 12, 625-627.
• Derbesy, M., Touche, J. & Zokd, A. (1989). The essential oil of Santolina chamaecyparissus L., Journal of Essential Oil Research, 1, 269-275.
• Djarmouni M., Baghiani A., Adjadj M. & Arrar L. (2018). Anti-inflammatory and xanthine oxidase inhibition activities of Santolina chamaecyparissus extracts, Annual Research & Review in Biology, 22(6), 1-7.
• Djeddi, S., Djebile, K., Hadjbourega, G., Achour, Z., Argyropoulou, C. & Skaltsa, H. (2012). In vitro antimicrobial properties and chemical composition of Santolina chamaecyparissus essential oil from Algeria, Natural Product Communications, 7(7), 937-940.
• Elouaddari, A., Elamrani, A., Moutia, M., Oubrim, N., Habti, N. & Jamaleddine, J. (2020). Chemical composition and evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Moroccan Cladanthus mixtus essential oil and extracts, Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 22(6), 1450-1466.
• Feyzi, P., Kasaian, J., Haghbin, A., Nazari, A. & Hassani, H. (2019). Chemical composition and biological profile of Johreniopsis stricticaulis aerial parts essential oil, Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 22(5), 1386-1393.
• Garg, S.N., Gupta, D., Mehta, V.K. & Kumar, S. (2001). Volatile constituents of the essential oil of Santolina chamaecyparissus L. from the southern hills of India, Journal of Essential Oil Research, 13, 234-235.
• Grosso, C., Figueiredo, A.C., Burillo, J., Mainar, A.M. & Urieta, J.S. (2009). Supercritical fluid extraction of the volatile oil from Santolina chamaecyparissus, Journal of Seperation Science, 32, 3215-3222.
• Haider, S.Z., Andola, H.C. & Mohan, M. (2012). Constituents of Artemisia gmelinii Weber ex Stechm. from Uttarakh and Himalaya: a source of artemisia ketone, Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 74(3), 265-267.
• Khubeiz, M.J. & Mansour, G. (2016). In vitro antifungal, antimicrobial properties and chemical composition of Santolina chamaecyparissus essential oil in Syria, International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research, 8(5), 372-378.
• Labed, F., Masullo, M., Cerulli, A., Benayache, F., Benayache, S. & Piacente, S. (2017). Chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Santolina chamaecyparissus and evaluation of their antioxidant activity, Natural Product Communications, 12(10), 1605-1608.
• Liu, H., Guo, S., Lu, L., Li, D., Liang, J., Huang, Z., Zhou, Y-M., Zhang, W. J. & Du, S. (2021). Essential oil from Artemisia annua aerial parts: Composition and repellent activity against two storage pests, Natural Product Research, 35(5), 822-825.
• Lόpez, V., Akerreta, S., Casanova, E., García-Mina, J., Cavero, R. & Calvo, M. (2008). Screening of Spanish medicinal plants for antioxidant and antifungal activities, Pharmaceutical Biology, 46(9), 602-609.
• Messaoudi, D., Bouriche, H. & Demirtas, I. (2018). Phytochemical analysis and hepatoprotective activity of Algerian Santolina chamaecyparissus L. extracts, Annual Research & Review in Biology, 25(2), 1-12.
• NCCLS – National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (1990). Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacateria that grow aerobically - second edition; Approved Standard. NCCLS Document M7-A2. Villanova, Pa.: NCCLS.
• NCCLS – National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (2003). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: Eleventh informational supplement. Document M100-S11. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard, Wayne, PA, USA.
• Nikolić, M.G. & Radulović, N.S. (2018). Chemical composition of the essential oil from the aboveground parts of Santolina chamaecyparissus L. from Greece: NMR determination of the exocyclic double bond geometry of the major spiroketal-enol ether polyynic constituent, Facta Universitatis, Series Physics, Chemistry and Technology, 16(1), 130.
• Niu, L., Qin, Q., Wang, L., Gai, Q., Jiao, J., Zhao, C. & Fu, Y. (2019). Chemical profiling of volatile components of micropropagated Santolina chamaecyparissus L., Industrial Crops and Products, 137, 162-170.
• Oliveira, R.N., Mancini, M.C., Cabral, F., Oliveira, S.D., Passos, T.M. & Quilty, B. (2016). FTIR analysis and quantification of phenols and flavonoids of five commercially available plants extracts used in wound healing, Matéria (Rio de Janeiro), 11743, 767-779.
• Pérez-Alonso, M.J. & Velasco-Negueruela, A. (1992). Essential oil components of Santolina chamaecyparissus L., Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 7, 37-41.
• Pons, R.M.G. & Caňavate, J.L.R. (2000). Santolina chamaecyparissus: Especie mediterranea con potenciales aplicaciones terapeuticas en procesos inflamatorios y transtornos digestivos. Revista de Fitoterapia, 1, 27-34.
• Ruberto, G. & Baratta, M.T. (2000). Antioxidant activity of selected essential oil components in two lipid model systems, Food Chemistry, 69, 167-174.
• Ruiz-Navajas, Y., Viuda-Martos, M., Sendra, E., Perez-Alvarez, J.A. & Fernandez-Lopez, J. (2012). Chemical characterization and antibacterial activity of Thymus moroderi and Thymus piperella essential oils, two Thymus endemic species from southeast of Spain, Food Control, 27, 294-299.
• Saeidnia, S., Gohari, A.R., Mokhber-Dezfuli, N. & Kiuchi, F. (2011). A review on phytochemistry and medicinal properties of the genus Achillea, Daru, 19, 173-186.
• Salah-Fatnassi, K.B.H., Hassayoun, F., Cheraif, I., Khan, S., Jannet, H.B., Hammami, M., Aouni, M. & Harzallah-Skhiri, F. (2017). Chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal activities of flowerhead and root essential oils of Santolina chamaecyparissus L. growing wild in Tunisia, Saudi Journal of Biological Science, 24, 875-882.
• Sheny, D.S., Mathew, J. & Philip, D. (2012). Synthesis characterization and catalytic action of hexagonal gold nanoparticles using essential oils extracted from Anacardium occidentale, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 97, 306-310.
• Sivakesava, S. & Irudayaraj, J. (2001). Prediction of inverted cane sugar adulteration of honey by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Journal of Food Science, 66, 972-978.
• Suresh, B., Sriram, S., Dhanaraj, S.A., Elango, K. & Chinnaswamy, K. (1997). Anticandidal activity of Santolina chamaecyparissus volatile oil, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 55, 151-159.
• Süfer, Ö. & Bozok, F. (2020). Characterization of essential oil from Matricaria sevanensis by microwave-assisted distillation, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 140(1), 253-261.
• Taraj, K., Malollari, I., Ciko, L., Llupa, J., Ylli, A., Ylli, F. & Andoni, A. (2019). Water distillation extraction of essential oil from Sideritis raeseri Herb, Environmental Processes, 6, 1051-1058.
• Tran, H.N., Graham, L. & Adukwu, E.C. (2020). In vitro antifungal activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark and leaf essential oils against Candida albicans and Candida auris, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 104(20), 8911-8924.
• Tulukcu, E., Cebi, N. & Sagdic, O. (2019). Chemical fingerprinting of seeds of some Salvia species in Turkey by using GC-MS and FTIR, Foods, 8(4), 1-12.
• Vanitha, A., Kalimuthu, K., Chinnadurai, V. & Nisha, K.M.J. (2019). Phytochemical screening, FTIR and GC-MS analysis of aqueous extract of Caralluma bicolor–An endangered plant, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 5(6), 1122-1130.
• Villar, A., Giner, R.M. & Rios, J.L. (1986). Chemical composition of Santolina chamaecyparissus ssp. squarrosa essential oil, Journal of Natural Products, 49(6), 1143-1144.
• Viuda-Martos, M., Navajas, Y.R., Zapata, E.S., Fernández-López, J. & Pérez-Álvarez, J.A. (2010). Antioxidant activity of essential oils of five spice plants widely used in a Mediterranean diet, Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 25(1), 13-19.
• Vernin, G. (1991). Volatile constituents of the essential oil of Santolina chamaecyparissus L., Journal of Essential Oil Research, 3(1), 49-53.
• Yuan, C., Wang, Y., Liu, Y. & Cui, B. (2019). Physicochemical characterization and antibacterial activity assessment of lavender essential oil encapsulated in hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, Industrial Crops and Products, 130, 104-110.
• Zore, G.B., Thakre, A.D., Rathod, V. & Karuppayil, S.M. (2011). Evaluation of anti‐Candida potential of geranium oil constituents against clinical isolates of Candida albicans differentially sensitive to fluconazole: inhibition of growth, dimorphism and sensitization, Mycoses, 54(4), 99-109.