Çalışmanın amacı: Bu çalışma, insan sağlığı üzerinde olumlu etkileri olabilecek maviyemiş yapraklarının antioksidan aktivitesini, polifenol ve flavonoid içeriğini araştırmayı amaçlanmıştır.
Çalışma alanı: Araştırma, Türkiye'nin Karadeniz bölgesinde maviyemiş yetiştiriciliğinin yaygın olduğu üç ilde gerçekleştirildi: Giresun, Trabzon ve Rize.
Materyal ve yöntem: Bu çalışmada, örnek materyal olarak 29 maviyemiş yaprağı (27 yetiştirilen ve 2 yabani) seçildi. Ayrıca örneklerin toplam fenolik içeriği (Folin Ciocalteu Yöntemi), toplam flavonoid içeriği (Alüminyum (III) klorür yöntemi) ve toplam antioksidan kapasitesi (DPPH ve FRAP) analiz edildi. Fenolik karakterizasyon HPLC kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi.
Temel sonuçlar: Toplam fenolik içeriği 8.36 ile 121.61 mg GAE/g arasında değişirken, toplam flavonoid içeriği 0.91 ile 3.07 mg QE/g arasında değişmekteydi. Sonuçlar, maviyemiş yapraklarının yüksek antioksidan aktiviteye sahip olduğunu ve önemli miktarda polifenol ve flavonoid içerdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Klorojenik asit, tüm yaprak örneklerinde baskın bileşik olarak tanımlanmıştır.
Araştırma vurguları: Bu bulgular, maviyemiş yapraklarının meyve ile karşılaştırılabilir şekilde gıda ve kozmetik endüstrilerinde antioksidanlar açısından değerli bir kaynak olabileceğini göstermektedir.
Benzie, I.F.F. and Strain, J.J. (1999). Ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay:Direct measure of total antioxidant activity of biological fluids and modified version for simultaneous measurement of total antioxidant power and ascorbic acid concentration. Methods in Enzymology, 299, 15-27.
Debnath-Canning, M., Unruh, S., Vyas, P., Daneshtalab, N., Igamberdiev, A.U., Weber, J.T. (2020). Fruits and leaves from wild blueberry plants contain diverse polyphenols and decrease neuroinflammatory responses in microglia. Journal of Functional Foods. 68, 103906.
Değirmencioğlu, N., Gürbüz, O., Karatepe, G. E., Irkin, R. (2017). Influence of hot air drying on phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) fruit and leaf. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 90, 115-125.
Deng, Y., Yang, G., Yue, J., Qian, B., Liu, Z., Wang, D., Zhong, W., Zhao, Y. (2014). Influences of ripening stages and extracting solvents on the polyphenolic compounds, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of blueberry leaf extracts. Food Control, 38, 184-191.
Ehlenfeldt, M.K. and Prior, R.L. (2001). Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and phenolic and anthocyanin concentrations in fruit and leaf tissues of highbush blueberry. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 49, 2222-2227.
Gao, G., and Draper, E. (2010). Growing blueberries in the home garden. Agriculture and Natural Resources, 1-8.
Häkkinen, S.H., and Törrönen R.A. (2000). content of flavonols and selected phenolic acids in strawberries and vaccinium species: Influence of cultivar, cultivation site and technique. Food Research International, 33, 517-524.
Hasanloo, T., Sepehrifar, R., Hajimehdipoor, H., (2011). Levels of phenolic compounds and their effects on antioxidant capacity of wild Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. (Qare-Qat) collected from different regions of Iran. Turkish Journal of Biology, 35, 371-377.
Hatipoğlu, G., Sökmen, M., Bektaş, E., Daferera, D., Sökmen, A., Demir, E., Şahin, H. (2013). Automated and standard extraction of antioxidant phenolic compounds of Hyssopus Officinalis L. Ssp. Angustifolius, Industrial Crops and Products 43, 427–433.
Kalt, W., Mcdonald, J.E. and Donner, H. (2000). Anthocyanins, phenolics and antioxidant capacity of processed lowbush blueberry products. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 65, 390-393.
Kartal, N., Sökmen, M., Tepe, B., Daferera, D., Polissiou, M. Sökmen, A. (2007). Investigation of the antioxidant properties of Ferula orientalis L. using a suitable extraction procedure. Food Chemistry 100, 584-589.
Koca, I. and Karadeniz, B. (2009). Antioxidant properties of blackberry and blueberry fruits grown in the Blacksea region of Turkey. Scientia Horticulturae, 121, 447-450.
Lee, I.C., Kim, D.Y., Choi, B.Y. (2014). Antioxidative activity of blueberry leaf extract prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice. Journal of Cancer Prevention, 19(3), 209-215.
Li, C., Feng, J., Huang, W.Y., An., X.T. (2012). Composition of polyphenols and antioxidant activity of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) in Nanjing. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 61, 523-531.
Naczk, M., and Shahidi, F. (2004). Extraction and analysis of phenolics in food. Journal of Chromatography A, 1054, 95-111.
Ochmian, I., Kozos, K., Chelpinski, P., Szczepanek, M. (2015). Comparison of berry quality in highbush blueberry cultivars grown according to conventional and organic methods. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 39, 174-181.
Okan, O.T., Deniz, İ., Yaylı, N., Şat, İ.G., Öz, M., Hatipoğlu Serdar, G. (2018). Antioxidant activity, sugar content and phenolic profiling of blueberries cultivars: a comprehensive comparison. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici, 46(2), 639-652.
Oszmiański, J., Wojdylo, A., Gorzelany, J., Kapusta, I. (2011). Identification and characterization of low molecular weight polyphenols in berry leaf extracts by HPLC-DAD and LC-ESI/MS. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 59, 12830-12835.
Öz, M., Deniz, İ., Okan, O. T., Fidan, M. S. (2015). Chemical composition of oleoresin and larvae gallery resin of Pinus Brutia attacked by Dioryctria sylvestrella ratz. Drvna industrija, 66(3), 179-188.
Pervin, M., Hasnat, A., Lim, B.O. (2013). Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Vaccinium corymbosum L. leaf extract. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 3(6), 444-453.
Pietta, P., Gardana, C., Pietta, A. (2003). Flavonoids in Herb. Flavonoids in Health and Disease (First Press), pp. 43-69. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.
Piljac-Žegarac, J., Belščak, A., Piljac, A. (2009). Antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) leaf infusions. Journal of Medicinal Food, 12(3), 608-614.
Routray, W., Orsat, V., Gariepy, Y. (2014). Effect of different drying methods on the microwave extraction of phenolic components and antioxidant activity of highbush blueberry leaves. Drying Technology, 32(16), 1888-1904.
Shahidi, F. (2000). Antioxidants in food and food antioxidants. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 44, 158-163.
Singleton, V. L., Orthofer, R., Lamuela-Raventós, R. M. (1999). Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent. Methods in Enzymology, 299, 152-178.
Skupień, K., Oszmiański, J., Kostrzewa-Nowak, D., Tarasiuk, J. (2006). In vitro antileukaemic activity of extracts from berry plant leaves against sensitive and multidrug resistant HL60 Cells. Cancer Letters 236(2), 282-291.
Vućic, D.M., Petković, M.R., Grabovac, R.B.B., Stefanović, O.D., Vasić, S.M., Comić, R.L. (2013). Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) in vitro. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7(45), 5130-5136.
Yang, G., Yue, J., Gong, X., Qian, B., Wang, H., Deng, Y., Zhao, Y. (2014). Blueberry leaf extracts incorporated chitosan coatings for preserving postharvest quality of fresh blueberries. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 92, 46–53.
Yuan W., (2011). Anthocyanins, phenolics, and antioxidant capacity of Vaccinium L. in Texas, USA. Pharmaceutical Crops, 2, 11-23.
Zhu, L., Liu X., Tan, J., Wang, B. (2013). Influence of harvest season on antioxidant activity and constituents of Rabbiteye Blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) leaves. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61, 11477-11483.
Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties of Wild and Cultivated Blueberry Leaves and Their Phenolic Compound
Year 2024,
Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 104 - 114, 03.10.2024
Aim of study: This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity and polyphenol and flavonoid content of blueberry leaves, which could have positive effects on human health.
Area of study: The research was conducted in three cities of Türkiye's Karadeniz region, where blueberry cultivation is prevalent: Giresun, Trabzon, and Rize.
Material and method: In this study, 29 blueberry leaves (27 cultivated and two wild) were selected as sample materials. The total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu method), total flavonoid content (aluminum (III) chloride method), and total antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP) of the samples were analyzed. Phenolic characterization was performed using HPLC.
Main results: The total phenolic content varied between 8.36 and 121.61 mg GAE/g, whereas the total flavonoid content ranged from 0.91 to 3.07 mg QE/g. The results revealed that blueberry leaves had high antioxidant activity and contained considerable amounts of polyphenols and flavonoids. Chlorogenic acid was identified as the dominant compound in all leaves samples.
Research highlights: These findings indicate that blueberry leaves could be a valuable source of antioxidants in the food and cosmetic industries, comparable to the fruit itself.
Benzie, I.F.F. and Strain, J.J. (1999). Ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay:Direct measure of total antioxidant activity of biological fluids and modified version for simultaneous measurement of total antioxidant power and ascorbic acid concentration. Methods in Enzymology, 299, 15-27.
Debnath-Canning, M., Unruh, S., Vyas, P., Daneshtalab, N., Igamberdiev, A.U., Weber, J.T. (2020). Fruits and leaves from wild blueberry plants contain diverse polyphenols and decrease neuroinflammatory responses in microglia. Journal of Functional Foods. 68, 103906.
Değirmencioğlu, N., Gürbüz, O., Karatepe, G. E., Irkin, R. (2017). Influence of hot air drying on phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) fruit and leaf. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 90, 115-125.
Deng, Y., Yang, G., Yue, J., Qian, B., Liu, Z., Wang, D., Zhong, W., Zhao, Y. (2014). Influences of ripening stages and extracting solvents on the polyphenolic compounds, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of blueberry leaf extracts. Food Control, 38, 184-191.
Ehlenfeldt, M.K. and Prior, R.L. (2001). Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and phenolic and anthocyanin concentrations in fruit and leaf tissues of highbush blueberry. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 49, 2222-2227.
Gao, G., and Draper, E. (2010). Growing blueberries in the home garden. Agriculture and Natural Resources, 1-8.
Häkkinen, S.H., and Törrönen R.A. (2000). content of flavonols and selected phenolic acids in strawberries and vaccinium species: Influence of cultivar, cultivation site and technique. Food Research International, 33, 517-524.
Hasanloo, T., Sepehrifar, R., Hajimehdipoor, H., (2011). Levels of phenolic compounds and their effects on antioxidant capacity of wild Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. (Qare-Qat) collected from different regions of Iran. Turkish Journal of Biology, 35, 371-377.
Hatipoğlu, G., Sökmen, M., Bektaş, E., Daferera, D., Sökmen, A., Demir, E., Şahin, H. (2013). Automated and standard extraction of antioxidant phenolic compounds of Hyssopus Officinalis L. Ssp. Angustifolius, Industrial Crops and Products 43, 427–433.
Kalt, W., Mcdonald, J.E. and Donner, H. (2000). Anthocyanins, phenolics and antioxidant capacity of processed lowbush blueberry products. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 65, 390-393.
Kartal, N., Sökmen, M., Tepe, B., Daferera, D., Polissiou, M. Sökmen, A. (2007). Investigation of the antioxidant properties of Ferula orientalis L. using a suitable extraction procedure. Food Chemistry 100, 584-589.
Koca, I. and Karadeniz, B. (2009). Antioxidant properties of blackberry and blueberry fruits grown in the Blacksea region of Turkey. Scientia Horticulturae, 121, 447-450.
Lee, I.C., Kim, D.Y., Choi, B.Y. (2014). Antioxidative activity of blueberry leaf extract prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice. Journal of Cancer Prevention, 19(3), 209-215.
Li, C., Feng, J., Huang, W.Y., An., X.T. (2012). Composition of polyphenols and antioxidant activity of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) in Nanjing. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 61, 523-531.
Naczk, M., and Shahidi, F. (2004). Extraction and analysis of phenolics in food. Journal of Chromatography A, 1054, 95-111.
Ochmian, I., Kozos, K., Chelpinski, P., Szczepanek, M. (2015). Comparison of berry quality in highbush blueberry cultivars grown according to conventional and organic methods. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 39, 174-181.
Okan, O.T., Deniz, İ., Yaylı, N., Şat, İ.G., Öz, M., Hatipoğlu Serdar, G. (2018). Antioxidant activity, sugar content and phenolic profiling of blueberries cultivars: a comprehensive comparison. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici, 46(2), 639-652.
Oszmiański, J., Wojdylo, A., Gorzelany, J., Kapusta, I. (2011). Identification and characterization of low molecular weight polyphenols in berry leaf extracts by HPLC-DAD and LC-ESI/MS. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 59, 12830-12835.
Öz, M., Deniz, İ., Okan, O. T., Fidan, M. S. (2015). Chemical composition of oleoresin and larvae gallery resin of Pinus Brutia attacked by Dioryctria sylvestrella ratz. Drvna industrija, 66(3), 179-188.
Pervin, M., Hasnat, A., Lim, B.O. (2013). Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Vaccinium corymbosum L. leaf extract. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 3(6), 444-453.
Pietta, P., Gardana, C., Pietta, A. (2003). Flavonoids in Herb. Flavonoids in Health and Disease (First Press), pp. 43-69. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.
Piljac-Žegarac, J., Belščak, A., Piljac, A. (2009). Antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) leaf infusions. Journal of Medicinal Food, 12(3), 608-614.
Routray, W., Orsat, V., Gariepy, Y. (2014). Effect of different drying methods on the microwave extraction of phenolic components and antioxidant activity of highbush blueberry leaves. Drying Technology, 32(16), 1888-1904.
Shahidi, F. (2000). Antioxidants in food and food antioxidants. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 44, 158-163.
Singleton, V. L., Orthofer, R., Lamuela-Raventós, R. M. (1999). Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent. Methods in Enzymology, 299, 152-178.
Skupień, K., Oszmiański, J., Kostrzewa-Nowak, D., Tarasiuk, J. (2006). In vitro antileukaemic activity of extracts from berry plant leaves against sensitive and multidrug resistant HL60 Cells. Cancer Letters 236(2), 282-291.
Vućic, D.M., Petković, M.R., Grabovac, R.B.B., Stefanović, O.D., Vasić, S.M., Comić, R.L. (2013). Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) in vitro. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7(45), 5130-5136.
Yang, G., Yue, J., Gong, X., Qian, B., Wang, H., Deng, Y., Zhao, Y. (2014). Blueberry leaf extracts incorporated chitosan coatings for preserving postharvest quality of fresh blueberries. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 92, 46–53.
Yuan W., (2011). Anthocyanins, phenolics, and antioxidant capacity of Vaccinium L. in Texas, USA. Pharmaceutical Crops, 2, 11-23.
Zhu, L., Liu X., Tan, J., Wang, B. (2013). Influence of harvest season on antioxidant activity and constituents of Rabbiteye Blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) leaves. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61, 11477-11483.
Okan, O. T., Ulusoy, E., Öz, M., Deniz, İ. (2024). Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties of Wild and Cultivated Blueberry Leaves and Their Phenolic Compound. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 24(2), 104-114. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1557369
AMA
Okan OT, Ulusoy E, Öz M, Deniz İ. Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties of Wild and Cultivated Blueberry Leaves and Their Phenolic Compound. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. October 2024;24(2):104-114. doi:10.17475/kastorman.1557369
Chicago
Okan, Onur Tolga, Esra Ulusoy, Mehmet Öz, and İlhan Deniz. “Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties of Wild and Cultivated Blueberry Leaves and Their Phenolic Compound”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 24, no. 2 (October 2024): 104-14. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1557369.
EndNote
Okan OT, Ulusoy E, Öz M, Deniz İ (October 1, 2024) Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties of Wild and Cultivated Blueberry Leaves and Their Phenolic Compound. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 24 2 104–114.
IEEE
O. T. Okan, E. Ulusoy, M. Öz, and İ. Deniz, “Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties of Wild and Cultivated Blueberry Leaves and Their Phenolic Compound”, Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 104–114, 2024, doi: 10.17475/kastorman.1557369.
ISNAD
Okan, Onur Tolga et al. “Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties of Wild and Cultivated Blueberry Leaves and Their Phenolic Compound”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 24/2 (October 2024), 104-114. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1557369.
JAMA
Okan OT, Ulusoy E, Öz M, Deniz İ. Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties of Wild and Cultivated Blueberry Leaves and Their Phenolic Compound. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2024;24:104–114.
MLA
Okan, Onur Tolga et al. “Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties of Wild and Cultivated Blueberry Leaves and Their Phenolic Compound”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, vol. 24, no. 2, 2024, pp. 104-1, doi:10.17475/kastorman.1557369.
Vancouver
Okan OT, Ulusoy E, Öz M, Deniz İ. Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties of Wild and Cultivated Blueberry Leaves and Their Phenolic Compound. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2024;24(2):104-1.