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Silindirik Karakavakta (Populus nigra L.) Yüzey Yoğunlaştırma Parametrelerinin Sertlik, Pürüzlülük ve Geri Esneme Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2024, Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 248 - 259

Hüseyin Yeşil , Zafer Kaya , Sait Dündar Sofuoğlu

https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1599931

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı: Silindirik ağaç malzemenin özelliklerini iyileştirmek için ısıl işlem uygulanmış ve uygulanmamış ahşapta sıcaklık ve buharla birlikte yoğunlaştırma işlemi uygulamasının sertlik, pürüzlülük ve geri esnemeye etkisini belirlemektir.
Materyal ve yöntem: Deneylerde tornalanmış karakavak (Populus nigra L.) odunu örnekler kullanılmıştır. Yoğunlaştırma işlemi özel olarak tasarlanıp imal edilen yoğunlaştırma aparatı kullanılarak otomatik torna tezgahında yapılmıştır. Yoğunlaştırma sırasında malzemeye 3 Bar sıcak buhar ve 600°C kuru hava uygulanmıştır.
Temel sonuçlar: Genel olarak kavak malzemede silindirik yoğunlaştırma işleminde buhar ve sıcaklık uygulamasının pürüzlülük ve geri esneme değerlerini artırıcı, yüzey sertliğini düşürücü etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Isıl işlemin pürüzlülük ve geri esneme değerlerinde olumlu etkiye sahip olduğu değerlendirilmiştir.
Araştırma vurguları: Isıl işlem görmüş silindirik karakavak numunelerde geri esneme yüzdesi ve pürüzlülük daha düşük elde edilmiştir.

Keywords

Kavak Yüzey Yoğunlaştırma Sertlik Pürüzlülük Geri Esneme Isıl İşlem

References

  • Bekhta, P. & Krystofiak, T. (2016). The influence of short-term thermo-mechanical densification on the surface wettability of wood veneers, Maderas Cienc. y Tecnol., 18 (1), 79-90. DOI: 10.4067/S0718-221X2016005000008
  • Bekhta, P., Proszyk, S., Krystofiak, T., Sedliacik, J., Novak, I. & Mamonova, M. (2017). Effects of short-term thermomechanical densification on the structure and properties of wood veneers, Wood Material Science and Engineering, 12 (1), 40-54. DOI:10.1080/17480272.2015.1009488
  • Blomberg, J. & Persson, B. (2004). Plastic deformation in small clear pieces of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) during densification with the CaLignum process, Journal of Wood Science, 50, 307–314. DOI: 10.1007/s10086-003-0566-2
  • Budakçi, M., Pelit, H., Sönmez, A. & Korkmaz, M. (2016). The effects of densification and heat post-treatment on hardness and morphological properties of wood materials, BioResources., 11(3), 7822-7838. DOI:10.15376/biores.11.3.7822-7838
  • Boonstra, M.J. (2008). A two-stage thermal modification of wood. Ph.D. dissertation, in cosupervision Ghent University and Université Henry Poincaré – Nancy, 1, 297, ISBN 978-90-5989-210-1.
  • Demirci, S. (2013). Effect of the Number of Knives, Feed Rate and Cutting Depth on Surface Roughness of Some Wood Species Processed with Planer, Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 13(1), 100-108.
  • Demirkır, C., Öztürk, H. & Çolakoğlu, G., (2017). Effects of press parameters on some technological properties of polystren composite plywood. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 17(3), 517-522.
  • Düzkale Sözbir, G. & Bektaş, İ. (2019). Investigation of biological durability of heat treated and densified poplar wood against brown rot fungi. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 20(4): 421-426. DOI: 10.18182/tjf.636671
  • Gao, Z., Huang, R., Chang, J., Li, R. & Wu, Y. (2019). Effects of pressurized superheated-steam heat treatment on set recovery and mechanical properties of surface-compressed wood, BioResources, 14(1), 1718-1730. DOI:10.15376/biores.14.1.1718-1730
  • Gürleyen, L., (1998). Mobilyada kullanılan masif ağaç malzemelerde yüzey düzlüğünün karşılaştırılması, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara.
  • ISO 13061-1 (2014). Physical and mechanical properties of wood Test methods for small clear wood specimens Part 1: Determination of moisture content for physical and mechanical tests, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland
  • ISO 13061-2 (2014). Wood-determination of Density for Physical and Mechanical Tests, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • ISO 468 (1982). Surface roughness parameters, their values, and general rules for specifying requirements, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • ISO 3274 (1996). Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method — Nominal characteristics of contact (stylus) instruments, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland
  • İçel, B., & Şimşek, Y., (2017). Evaluations on microscopic images of heat treated spruce and ash wood, Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 21 (2), 414-420. DOI: 10.19113/sdufbed.17217
  • TS EN ISO 21920-2 (2022). Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Surface texture: Profile - Part 2: Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Jones, D. & Enjily, V. (2006). The potential for modified materials in the panel products industry – Properties and availability. In Proceedings of the COST Action E44-E49 Conference in Valensia on Wood Resources and Panel Properties, 23-30, Spain.
  • Kariz, M., Kuzman, M.K., Sernek, M., Hughes, M., Rautkari, L., Kamke, F.A. & Kutnar, A. (2017). Influence of temperature of thermal treatment on surface densification of spruce, European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 75, 113-123. DOI:10.1007/s00107-016-1052-z
  • Kaya, Z. & Sofuoğlu, S. D. (2023a) Silindirik yoğunlaştırmada sıvama makarası kullanımı; masif ağaçta (Karaçam) yoğunlaştırılma sonrası sertlik, parlaklık ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü değişimi, Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 14-25. DOI:10.33725/mamad.1260723
  • Kaya, Z. & Sofuoğlu, S. D. (2023b). Use of spinning roller in cylindrical densification; spring back in black poplar, larch and cedar of Lebanon after densification, Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 7(2), 117-127. DOI:10.30516/bilgesci.1278745
  • Kaya, Z. & Sofuoğlu, S. D., (2024). Use of spinning rollers for surface densification of wood, Drvna industrija, 75(2), 215-226. DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2024.0139
  • Korkut, S. & Kocaefe, S., (2009). Isıl İşlemin Odun Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi, Düzce Üniversitesi, Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Orman. Dergisi, 5(2), 11-34.
  • Kutnar, A. & Šernek, M., (2007). Densification of wood. Zbornik gozdarstva in lesarstva, (82), 53-62.
  • Kutnar, A., Kamke, F.A. & M. Sernek, (2009). Density profile and morphology of viscoelastic thermal compressed wood. Wood Science and Technology, 43(1-2), 57.
  • Laskowska, L. (2017). The influence of process parameters on the density profile and hardness of surface-densified birch wood (Betula pendula Roth), BioResources, 12(3), 6011-6023. DOI:10.15376/biores.12.3.6011-6023
  • Laskowska, A., (2020). The influence of ultraviolet radiation on the colour of thermo-mechanically modified beech and oak wood, Maderas Cienc. y Tecnol. 22(1), 55-68. DOI:10.4067/S0718-21X2020005000106
  • Navi, P. & Sandberg, D., (2012). Thermo-hydro-mechanical wood processing. Crc Press.
  • Neyses, B., Karlsson, O. & Sandberg, D., (2020). The effect of ionic liquid and superbase pre-treatment on the spring-back, set-recovery and Brinell hardness of surface-densified Scots pine, Holzforschung, 74(3), 303-312. DOI:10.1515/hf-2019-0158
  • Ozdemir, S. (2020). Bükülmüş tabakalı kaplama kereste üretiminde Termo-mekanik yoğunlaştırma uygulanması ve mekanik özellikler üzerine etkisi, PhD thesis, Bartın University, Turkiye.
  • Pelit, H., (2014). Yoğunlaştırma ve ısıl işlemin doğu kayını ve sarıçamın bazı teknolojik özellikleriyle üstyüzey işlemlerine etkisi, PhD thesis, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Pelit, H., Budakçı, M., Sönmez, A. & Burdurlu, E., (2015). Surface roughness and brightness of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) applied with water-based varnish after densification and heat treatment, Journal of Wood Science, 61, 586-594. DOI:10.1007/s10086-015-1506-7
  • Pertuzzatti, A., Missio, A.L., de Cademartori, P.H.G., Santini, E.J., Haselein, C.R., Berger, C., Gatto, D.A., Tondi, G., (2018). Effect of process parameters in the thermomechanical densification of pinus elliottii and eucalyptus grandis fast-growing wood, BioResources. 13(1), 1576-1590. DOI:10.15376/biores.13.1.1576-1590
  • Rautkari, L., Properzi, M., Pichelin, F. & Hughes, M. (2010). Properties and set-recovery of surface densified Norway spruce and European beech, Wood Science and Technology, 44, 679–691. DOI:10.1007/s00226-009-0291-0
  • Rautkari, L., Properzi, M., Pichelin, F. & Hughes, M., (2009). Surface modification of wood using friction, Wood Sci. Technol., 43(3–4), 291-299. DOI: 10.1007/s00226-008-0227-0
  • Rowell, R., Ibach, E.E., McSweeny, J. & Nilsson, T., (2009). Understanding decay resistance, dimensional stability and strength changes in heat treated and acetylated wood. Proceedings of 4th European conference on wood modification, 27-29 April 2009, 489-502, Stockholm.
  • Salca, E., Brasov, U.T. & Bekhta, P., (2021). Effects of thermo-mechanical densification applied to veneers of fast-growing species to produce value-added plywood panels, Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences, 9, 161–177. DOI:10.9734/bpi/cras/v9/8628D
  • Sandberg, D., Kutnar, A., Karlsson, O. & Jones, D., (2021). Wood modification technologies : principles, sustainability, and the need for innovation, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis.
  • Scharf, A. & Lemoine, A., Neyses, B. & Sandberg, D., (2023). The effect of the growth ring orientation on spring-back and set-recovery in surface-densified, Holzforschung, 77(6), 394-406. DOI:10.1515/hf-2023-0004
  • Sofuoglu, S.D., (2022). Effect of thermo-mechanical densification on brightness and hardness in wood, Turkish Journal of Engineering Research and Education, 1(1), 15-19.
  • Sofuoglu, S.D., Tosun, M. & Atilgan, A., (2023). Determination of the machining characteristics of Uludağ fir (Abies nordmanniana Mattf.) densified by compressing, Wood Material Science & Engineering, 18(3), 841-851. DOI:10.1080/17480272.2022.2080586
  • Sofuoglu, S.D. & Yeşil, H., (2016). Ahşap sertlik değerlerinin farklı metotlar kullanılarak karşılaştırılması, in Proc. IMCOFE International Multidisciplinary Congress of Eurasia, Jul. 2016, 480-485.
  • Söğütlü, C., (2005). Bazı faktörlerin zımparalanmış ağaç malzeme yüzey pürüzlülüğüne etkisi, Politeknik, 8(4), 345-350.
  • Şenol, S., (2018). Determination of physical, mechanical and technological properties of some Thermo-Vibro-Mechanical (TVM) treated wood materials, PhD Thesis, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey.
  • Şenol, S. & Budakci, M., (2016). Nechanical wood modificiation methods, Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, 2(2), 53-59. DOI:10.22531/muglajsci.283619
  • Şenol, S. & Budakci, M., (2019). Effect of Thermo-Vibro-Mechanic® densification process on the gloss and hardness values of some wood materials, BioResources, 14(4), 9611-9627. DOI:10.15376/biores.14.4.9611-9627
  • Tosun, M. & Sofuoğlu, S. D., (2021). Ağaç malzemenin sıkıştırılarak yoğunlaştırılması konusunda yapılan çalışmalar, Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 91-102. DOI:10.33725/mamad.911947
  • Ülker, O., Imirzi, O. & Burdurlu, E., (2012). The effect of densification temperature on some physical and mechanical properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), BioResources, 7(4), 5581-5592.
  • Yeşil, H., Kaya, Z. & Sofuoğlu, S.D., (2023). Effect of heat and steam on color and brightness in cylindrical densification of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) wood, MAMAD, 6(2), 219-232, DOI: 10.33725/mamad.1403532
  • Wikberg, H., (2004). Advanced solid state NMR spectroscopic techniques in the study of thermally modified wood. Academic Dissertation, University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Helsinki- Finland
  • Wehsener, J., Bremer, M., Haller, P. & Fischer, S., (2023). Bending tests of delignified and densified poplar, Wood Material Science & Engineering, 18(1), 42-50. DOI:10.1080/17480272.2022.2134049

Effects of Surface Densification Parameters on Hardness, Roughness and Springback of Cylindrical Black Poplar (Populus nigra L.)

Year 2024, Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 248 - 259

Hüseyin Yeşil , Zafer Kaya , Sait Dündar Sofuoğlu

https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1599931

Abstract

Aim of study: To determine the effect of densification process with heat and steam on hardness, roughness and spring-back in heat-treated and untreated wood to improve the properties of cylindrical wood material
Material and method: Turned black poplar (Populus nigra L.) wood specimens were used in the experiments. The densification process was carried out on an automatic lathe, using a specially designed and produced densification apparatus. During densification, 3 Bar hot steam and 600°C dry air were applied to the material.
Main results: In general, it has been found that the application of steam and heat in the cylindrical densification process of poplar material has the effect of increasing the roughness and springback values and reducing the surface hardness. It was evaluated that the heat treatment had a positive effect on roughness and springback values.
Research highlights: The percentage of spring back and roughness were lower in heat-treated cylindrical black poplar specimens.

Keywords

Poplar Surface Densification Hardness Roughness Spring-back Heat Treatment

References

  • Bekhta, P. & Krystofiak, T. (2016). The influence of short-term thermo-mechanical densification on the surface wettability of wood veneers, Maderas Cienc. y Tecnol., 18 (1), 79-90. DOI: 10.4067/S0718-221X2016005000008
  • Bekhta, P., Proszyk, S., Krystofiak, T., Sedliacik, J., Novak, I. & Mamonova, M. (2017). Effects of short-term thermomechanical densification on the structure and properties of wood veneers, Wood Material Science and Engineering, 12 (1), 40-54. DOI:10.1080/17480272.2015.1009488
  • Blomberg, J. & Persson, B. (2004). Plastic deformation in small clear pieces of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) during densification with the CaLignum process, Journal of Wood Science, 50, 307–314. DOI: 10.1007/s10086-003-0566-2
  • Budakçi, M., Pelit, H., Sönmez, A. & Korkmaz, M. (2016). The effects of densification and heat post-treatment on hardness and morphological properties of wood materials, BioResources., 11(3), 7822-7838. DOI:10.15376/biores.11.3.7822-7838
  • Boonstra, M.J. (2008). A two-stage thermal modification of wood. Ph.D. dissertation, in cosupervision Ghent University and Université Henry Poincaré – Nancy, 1, 297, ISBN 978-90-5989-210-1.
  • Demirci, S. (2013). Effect of the Number of Knives, Feed Rate and Cutting Depth on Surface Roughness of Some Wood Species Processed with Planer, Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 13(1), 100-108.
  • Demirkır, C., Öztürk, H. & Çolakoğlu, G., (2017). Effects of press parameters on some technological properties of polystren composite plywood. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 17(3), 517-522.
  • Düzkale Sözbir, G. & Bektaş, İ. (2019). Investigation of biological durability of heat treated and densified poplar wood against brown rot fungi. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 20(4): 421-426. DOI: 10.18182/tjf.636671
  • Gao, Z., Huang, R., Chang, J., Li, R. & Wu, Y. (2019). Effects of pressurized superheated-steam heat treatment on set recovery and mechanical properties of surface-compressed wood, BioResources, 14(1), 1718-1730. DOI:10.15376/biores.14.1.1718-1730
  • Gürleyen, L., (1998). Mobilyada kullanılan masif ağaç malzemelerde yüzey düzlüğünün karşılaştırılması, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara.
  • ISO 13061-1 (2014). Physical and mechanical properties of wood Test methods for small clear wood specimens Part 1: Determination of moisture content for physical and mechanical tests, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland
  • ISO 13061-2 (2014). Wood-determination of Density for Physical and Mechanical Tests, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • ISO 468 (1982). Surface roughness parameters, their values, and general rules for specifying requirements, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • ISO 3274 (1996). Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method — Nominal characteristics of contact (stylus) instruments, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland
  • İçel, B., & Şimşek, Y., (2017). Evaluations on microscopic images of heat treated spruce and ash wood, Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 21 (2), 414-420. DOI: 10.19113/sdufbed.17217
  • TS EN ISO 21920-2 (2022). Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Surface texture: Profile - Part 2: Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Jones, D. & Enjily, V. (2006). The potential for modified materials in the panel products industry – Properties and availability. In Proceedings of the COST Action E44-E49 Conference in Valensia on Wood Resources and Panel Properties, 23-30, Spain.
  • Kariz, M., Kuzman, M.K., Sernek, M., Hughes, M., Rautkari, L., Kamke, F.A. & Kutnar, A. (2017). Influence of temperature of thermal treatment on surface densification of spruce, European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 75, 113-123. DOI:10.1007/s00107-016-1052-z
  • Kaya, Z. & Sofuoğlu, S. D. (2023a) Silindirik yoğunlaştırmada sıvama makarası kullanımı; masif ağaçta (Karaçam) yoğunlaştırılma sonrası sertlik, parlaklık ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü değişimi, Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 14-25. DOI:10.33725/mamad.1260723
  • Kaya, Z. & Sofuoğlu, S. D. (2023b). Use of spinning roller in cylindrical densification; spring back in black poplar, larch and cedar of Lebanon after densification, Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 7(2), 117-127. DOI:10.30516/bilgesci.1278745
  • Kaya, Z. & Sofuoğlu, S. D., (2024). Use of spinning rollers for surface densification of wood, Drvna industrija, 75(2), 215-226. DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2024.0139
  • Korkut, S. & Kocaefe, S., (2009). Isıl İşlemin Odun Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi, Düzce Üniversitesi, Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Orman. Dergisi, 5(2), 11-34.
  • Kutnar, A. & Šernek, M., (2007). Densification of wood. Zbornik gozdarstva in lesarstva, (82), 53-62.
  • Kutnar, A., Kamke, F.A. & M. Sernek, (2009). Density profile and morphology of viscoelastic thermal compressed wood. Wood Science and Technology, 43(1-2), 57.
  • Laskowska, L. (2017). The influence of process parameters on the density profile and hardness of surface-densified birch wood (Betula pendula Roth), BioResources, 12(3), 6011-6023. DOI:10.15376/biores.12.3.6011-6023
  • Laskowska, A., (2020). The influence of ultraviolet radiation on the colour of thermo-mechanically modified beech and oak wood, Maderas Cienc. y Tecnol. 22(1), 55-68. DOI:10.4067/S0718-21X2020005000106
  • Navi, P. & Sandberg, D., (2012). Thermo-hydro-mechanical wood processing. Crc Press.
  • Neyses, B., Karlsson, O. & Sandberg, D., (2020). The effect of ionic liquid and superbase pre-treatment on the spring-back, set-recovery and Brinell hardness of surface-densified Scots pine, Holzforschung, 74(3), 303-312. DOI:10.1515/hf-2019-0158
  • Ozdemir, S. (2020). Bükülmüş tabakalı kaplama kereste üretiminde Termo-mekanik yoğunlaştırma uygulanması ve mekanik özellikler üzerine etkisi, PhD thesis, Bartın University, Turkiye.
  • Pelit, H., (2014). Yoğunlaştırma ve ısıl işlemin doğu kayını ve sarıçamın bazı teknolojik özellikleriyle üstyüzey işlemlerine etkisi, PhD thesis, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Pelit, H., Budakçı, M., Sönmez, A. & Burdurlu, E., (2015). Surface roughness and brightness of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) applied with water-based varnish after densification and heat treatment, Journal of Wood Science, 61, 586-594. DOI:10.1007/s10086-015-1506-7
  • Pertuzzatti, A., Missio, A.L., de Cademartori, P.H.G., Santini, E.J., Haselein, C.R., Berger, C., Gatto, D.A., Tondi, G., (2018). Effect of process parameters in the thermomechanical densification of pinus elliottii and eucalyptus grandis fast-growing wood, BioResources. 13(1), 1576-1590. DOI:10.15376/biores.13.1.1576-1590
  • Rautkari, L., Properzi, M., Pichelin, F. & Hughes, M. (2010). Properties and set-recovery of surface densified Norway spruce and European beech, Wood Science and Technology, 44, 679–691. DOI:10.1007/s00226-009-0291-0
  • Rautkari, L., Properzi, M., Pichelin, F. & Hughes, M., (2009). Surface modification of wood using friction, Wood Sci. Technol., 43(3–4), 291-299. DOI: 10.1007/s00226-008-0227-0
  • Rowell, R., Ibach, E.E., McSweeny, J. & Nilsson, T., (2009). Understanding decay resistance, dimensional stability and strength changes in heat treated and acetylated wood. Proceedings of 4th European conference on wood modification, 27-29 April 2009, 489-502, Stockholm.
  • Salca, E., Brasov, U.T. & Bekhta, P., (2021). Effects of thermo-mechanical densification applied to veneers of fast-growing species to produce value-added plywood panels, Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences, 9, 161–177. DOI:10.9734/bpi/cras/v9/8628D
  • Sandberg, D., Kutnar, A., Karlsson, O. & Jones, D., (2021). Wood modification technologies : principles, sustainability, and the need for innovation, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis.
  • Scharf, A. & Lemoine, A., Neyses, B. & Sandberg, D., (2023). The effect of the growth ring orientation on spring-back and set-recovery in surface-densified, Holzforschung, 77(6), 394-406. DOI:10.1515/hf-2023-0004
  • Sofuoglu, S.D., (2022). Effect of thermo-mechanical densification on brightness and hardness in wood, Turkish Journal of Engineering Research and Education, 1(1), 15-19.
  • Sofuoglu, S.D., Tosun, M. & Atilgan, A., (2023). Determination of the machining characteristics of Uludağ fir (Abies nordmanniana Mattf.) densified by compressing, Wood Material Science & Engineering, 18(3), 841-851. DOI:10.1080/17480272.2022.2080586
  • Sofuoglu, S.D. & Yeşil, H., (2016). Ahşap sertlik değerlerinin farklı metotlar kullanılarak karşılaştırılması, in Proc. IMCOFE International Multidisciplinary Congress of Eurasia, Jul. 2016, 480-485.
  • Söğütlü, C., (2005). Bazı faktörlerin zımparalanmış ağaç malzeme yüzey pürüzlülüğüne etkisi, Politeknik, 8(4), 345-350.
  • Şenol, S., (2018). Determination of physical, mechanical and technological properties of some Thermo-Vibro-Mechanical (TVM) treated wood materials, PhD Thesis, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey.
  • Şenol, S. & Budakci, M., (2016). Nechanical wood modificiation methods, Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, 2(2), 53-59. DOI:10.22531/muglajsci.283619
  • Şenol, S. & Budakci, M., (2019). Effect of Thermo-Vibro-Mechanic® densification process on the gloss and hardness values of some wood materials, BioResources, 14(4), 9611-9627. DOI:10.15376/biores.14.4.9611-9627
  • Tosun, M. & Sofuoğlu, S. D., (2021). Ağaç malzemenin sıkıştırılarak yoğunlaştırılması konusunda yapılan çalışmalar, Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 91-102. DOI:10.33725/mamad.911947
  • Ülker, O., Imirzi, O. & Burdurlu, E., (2012). The effect of densification temperature on some physical and mechanical properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), BioResources, 7(4), 5581-5592.
  • Yeşil, H., Kaya, Z. & Sofuoğlu, S.D., (2023). Effect of heat and steam on color and brightness in cylindrical densification of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) wood, MAMAD, 6(2), 219-232, DOI: 10.33725/mamad.1403532
  • Wikberg, H., (2004). Advanced solid state NMR spectroscopic techniques in the study of thermally modified wood. Academic Dissertation, University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Helsinki- Finland
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There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Forest Industry Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hüseyin Yeşil

Zafer Kaya

Sait Dündar Sofuoğlu

Early Pub Date December 14, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date March 19, 2024
Acceptance Date July 18, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 24 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yeşil, H., Kaya, Z., & Sofuoğlu, S. D. (2024). Effects of Surface Densification Parameters on Hardness, Roughness and Springback of Cylindrical Black Poplar (Populus nigra L.). Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 24(3), 248-259. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1599931
AMA Yeşil H, Kaya Z, Sofuoğlu SD. Effects of Surface Densification Parameters on Hardness, Roughness and Springback of Cylindrical Black Poplar (Populus nigra L.). Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. December 2024;24(3):248-259. doi:10.17475/kastorman.1599931
Chicago Yeşil, Hüseyin, Zafer Kaya, and Sait Dündar Sofuoğlu. “Effects of Surface Densification Parameters on Hardness, Roughness and Springback of Cylindrical Black Poplar (Populus Nigra L.)”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 24, no. 3 (December 2024): 248-59. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1599931.
EndNote Yeşil H, Kaya Z, Sofuoğlu SD (December 1, 2024) Effects of Surface Densification Parameters on Hardness, Roughness and Springback of Cylindrical Black Poplar (Populus nigra L.). Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 24 3 248–259.
IEEE H. Yeşil, Z. Kaya, and S. D. Sofuoğlu, “Effects of Surface Densification Parameters on Hardness, Roughness and Springback of Cylindrical Black Poplar (Populus nigra L.)”, Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 248–259, 2024, doi: 10.17475/kastorman.1599931.
ISNAD Yeşil, Hüseyin et al. “Effects of Surface Densification Parameters on Hardness, Roughness and Springback of Cylindrical Black Poplar (Populus Nigra L.)”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 24/3 (December 2024), 248-259. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1599931.
JAMA Yeşil H, Kaya Z, Sofuoğlu SD. Effects of Surface Densification Parameters on Hardness, Roughness and Springback of Cylindrical Black Poplar (Populus nigra L.). Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2024;24:248–259.
MLA Yeşil, Hüseyin et al. “Effects of Surface Densification Parameters on Hardness, Roughness and Springback of Cylindrical Black Poplar (Populus Nigra L.)”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, vol. 24, no. 3, 2024, pp. 248-59, doi:10.17475/kastorman.1599931.
Vancouver Yeşil H, Kaya Z, Sofuoğlu SD. Effects of Surface Densification Parameters on Hardness, Roughness and Springback of Cylindrical Black Poplar (Populus nigra L.). Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2024;24(3):248-59.

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