RISE OF RIGHTIST IDEOLOGIES IN ISRAEL AND SHIFT OF POWER FROM LEFT TO RIGHT (THE 2ND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY)

Abstract

In every society, ideological changes deeply influence politics, policy makers and political parties, shaping their views, plans and election programs in the struggle for power. Inevitably, such changes have so far influenced political parties of Israel and their views on the Arab-Israeli conflict. This article has aimed to research ideological changes in Israel in the context of political parties between 1948, the year of the establishment of Israel as a state, and until the end of the 20th century, when the long-term shift from left to right largely ended with the ultimate victory of rightist ideologies in Israel. In the first decades after the establishment of the State of Israel, where the dominant political and social ideology consisted of leftist notions, approaches and views of political parties to various issues, first of all to the Arab-Israeli conflict, remarkably differed from those of rightist political parties, which gradually gained popularity and came to power in late 70’s and implemented far more strict policies in regard to the mentioned conflict, nevertheless showing a definite degree of moderation in comparison to their former ideological stand. As the global ideological and political situation changed and reshaped under new conditions, so changed, depending on various factors, the balance of ideologies in Israel, reshaping views and approaches, which inevitably strongly influenced the course of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Research of this long term shift, among others, can contribute to learning the history of political ideologies and their development course in Israel in the first 50 years of existence as a state, as well as understanding the balance of political ideologies in Israel in the new millennium.

Keywords

• Israel
• political parties
• political ideology
• shift from left to right

İSRAİL'DE SAĞCI İDEOLOJİLERİN YÜKSELİŞİ VE HAKİMİYETİN SOLDAN SAĞA KAYIŞI (20. YÜZYILIN 2. YARISI)

Abstract

Her toplumda ideolojik değişimler siyaseti, siyaset kurucuları ve siyasi partileri etkileyerek onların görüşlerini, planlarını ve siyasi hakimiyet elde etmek için girdikleri seçim programlarını şekillendirir. Kaçınılmaz olarak bu değişimler her zaman İsrail’deki siyasi partileri ve onların Arap-İsrail çatışmasına bakışlarını da etkilemiştir. Bu makale, İsrail’in devlet olarak kurulduğu 1948 yılından sağa doğru uzun süren kaymanın İsrail’de sağ ideolojilerin tam zaferi ile sonuçlandığı 20. yüzyılın son yıllarına kadarki dönemde İsrail’deki ideolojik değişimleri partiler kapsamında araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. İsrail devletinin kuruluşundan sonraki, baskın siyasi ve sosyal ideolojinin sol düşünceden oluştuğu ilk on yıllarda siyasi partilerin farklı konulara ve tabi ki Arap-İsrail çatışmasına bakışı, gittikçe nüfuz ve alan kazanıp nihayet 70’li yılların sonunda yükselişini siyasi hakimiyeti eline almakla taçlandıran sağcı siyasi partilerin bakışından ciddi şekilde farklıydı. Sağcı partiler her ne kadar geçmişe kıyasla belli oranda ideolojik yumuşama sergileseler de solculara nazaran çok daha sert politikalar uyguluyorlardı. Küresel ideolojik ve siyasi durum değiştikçe ve yeni koşullar altında yeniden şekillendikçe farklı etkenlere bağlı olarak İsrail’de ideolojik denge de değişmekte, görüş ve yaklaşımları değiştirmekteydi ki bu da kaçınılmaz olarak Arap-İsrail çatışmasının gidişatına ciddi şekilde etki etmekteydi. Bu uzun süreli değişimin incelenmesi, İsrail devletinin kuruluşundan sonraki ilk 50 yılda mevcut olmuş siyasi ideolojilerin tarihinin öğrenilmesine katkı sunabilir ve yeni bin yılda İsrail’de var olan siyasi ideolojiler dengesinin anlaşılmasına yardım edebilir.

Keywords

• İsrail
• siyasi partiler
• siyasi ideoloji
• soldan sağa

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