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RISE OF RIGHTIST IDEOLOGIES IN ISRAEL AND SHIFT OF POWER FROM LEFT TO RIGHT (THE 2ND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY)

Year 2025, Issue: 35, 411 - 432, 20.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.56597/kausbed.1608646

Abstract

In every society, ideological changes deeply influence politics, policy makers and political parties, shaping their views, plans and election programs in the struggle for power. Inevitably, such changes have so far influenced political parties of Israel and their views on the Arab-Israeli conflict. This article has aimed to research ideological changes in Israel in the context of political parties between 1948, the year of the establishment of Israel as a state, and until the end of the 20th century, when the long-term shift from left to right largely ended with the ultimate victory of rightist ideologies in Israel. In the first decades after the establishment of the State of Israel, where the dominant political and social ideology consisted of leftist notions, approaches and views of political parties to various issues, first of all to the Arab-Israeli conflict, remarkably differed from those of rightist political parties, which gradually gained popularity and came to power in late 70’s and implemented far more strict policies in regard to the mentioned conflict, nevertheless showing a definite degree of moderation in comparison to their former ideological stand. As the global ideological and political situation changed and reshaped under new conditions, so changed, depending on various factors, the balance of ideologies in Israel, reshaping views and approaches, which inevitably strongly influenced the course of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Research of this long term shift, among others, can contribute to learning the history of political ideologies and their development course in Israel in the first 50 years of existence as a state, as well as understanding the balance of political ideologies in Israel in the new millennium.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma, Elshan Gurbanov'un 'İsrail’in Siyasi Partilerinin Filistin Sorunu’na İlişkin Tutumları (1948-2001) (‘Position of Israeli Political Parties in regard to the Palestinian Issue (1948-2001)’ başlıklı doktora tezinden üretilmiştir.

Supporting Institution

Bu çalışmayı benimle birlikte yapan Danışman hocam Prof.Dr. Yahya Bağçeci'ye, derginizin editör(ler)ine ve hakemlerine, emeği geçen ve ilgi gösteren herkese teşekkür ederim.

Thanks

Sayın editör hocam, bu çalışma, Elshan Gurbanov'un İsrail’in Siyasi Partilerinin Filistin Sorunu’na İlişkin Tutumları (1948-2001) (‘Position of Israeli Political Parties in regard to the Palestinian Issue (1948-2001)’ başlıklı doktora tezinden türetilmiştir. Çalışmanın kabul edilmesi halinde tarafıma DOİ numarasının iletilmesini rica ediyorum. İyi çalışmalar dilerim.

References

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  • Нойбергер, Б. (1998). Политические партии в Израиле – власть и политика в государстве Израиль: социально-политическая динамика, VII-VIII, перевод: Сергей Фролов, Тель-Авив: Открытый Университет Израиля (Political Parties in Israel - Power and Politics in the State of Israel: socio-political Dynamics, (Neuberger, B. (1998). ערוץ 7, (2022). גיא זוהר בדק: ש"ס תמכה בהסכמי אוסלו או התנגדה, אוחזר מ- https://www.inn.co.il/news/574774 בתאריך 08.09.2024 (Guy Zohar examined: Did SHAS support or oppose the Oslo Accords? (Channel 7, 2002)

İSRAİL'DE SAĞCI İDEOLOJİLERİN YÜKSELİŞİ VE HAKİMİYETİN SOLDAN SAĞA KAYIŞI (20. YÜZYILIN 2. YARISI)

Year 2025, Issue: 35, 411 - 432, 20.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.56597/kausbed.1608646

Abstract

Her toplumda ideolojik değişimler siyaseti, siyaset kurucuları ve siyasi partileri etkileyerek onların görüşlerini, planlarını ve siyasi hakimiyet elde etmek için girdikleri seçim programlarını şekillendirir. Kaçınılmaz olarak bu değişimler her zaman İsrail’deki siyasi partileri ve onların Arap-İsrail çatışmasına bakışlarını da etkilemiştir. Bu makale, İsrail’in devlet olarak kurulduğu 1948 yılından sağa doğru uzun süren kaymanın İsrail’de sağ ideolojilerin tam zaferi ile sonuçlandığı 20. yüzyılın son yıllarına kadarki dönemde İsrail’deki ideolojik değişimleri partiler kapsamında araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. İsrail devletinin kuruluşundan sonraki, baskın siyasi ve sosyal ideolojinin sol düşünceden oluştuğu ilk on yıllarda siyasi partilerin farklı konulara ve tabi ki Arap-İsrail çatışmasına bakışı, gittikçe nüfuz ve alan kazanıp nihayet 70’li yılların sonunda yükselişini siyasi hakimiyeti eline almakla taçlandıran sağcı siyasi partilerin bakışından ciddi şekilde farklıydı. Sağcı partiler her ne kadar geçmişe kıyasla belli oranda ideolojik yumuşama sergileseler de solculara nazaran çok daha sert politikalar uyguluyorlardı. Küresel ideolojik ve siyasi durum değiştikçe ve yeni koşullar altında yeniden şekillendikçe farklı etkenlere bağlı olarak İsrail’de ideolojik denge de değişmekte, görüş ve yaklaşımları değiştirmekteydi ki bu da kaçınılmaz olarak Arap-İsrail çatışmasının gidişatına ciddi şekilde etki etmekteydi. Bu uzun süreli değişimin incelenmesi, İsrail devletinin kuruluşundan sonraki ilk 50 yılda mevcut olmuş siyasi ideolojilerin tarihinin öğrenilmesine katkı sunabilir ve yeni bin yılda İsrail’de var olan siyasi ideolojiler dengesinin anlaşılmasına yardım edebilir.

References

  • Abramov, S.Z. (1976). Perpetual dilemma: Jewish religion in the Jewish state. Vancouver: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
  • BBC. (2005), Israel marks Rabin assassination, retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4405778.stm in 25.08.2024.
  • Halevi, Y.K. (2013). Like dreamers, New York: Harper.
  • Heller, J. (2000). The birth of Israel, 1945-1949: Ben-Gurion and his critics, Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
  • Hernandez, J. (2023). How interpretations of the phrase 'from the river to the sea' made it so divisive, retrieved from www.npr.org/2023/11/09/1211671117/how-interpretations-of-the-phrase-from-the-river-to-the-sea-made-it-so-divisive in 05.09.2024.
  • Inbar, E. (2009). The decline of the Israel Labor Party, retrieved from https://besacenter.org/the-decline-of-the-israel-labor-party/ in 28.09.2024.
  • Isaac, R. J. (1981). Party and politics in Israel: Three visions of a Jewish state. New York and London: Longman.
  • Jewish Virtual Library, (n.d.). Lehi or Stern Gang, retrieved from https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/lo-x1e25-amei-x1e24-erut-israel in 23.08.2024.
  • Keller-Lynn, C. and Bachner, M. (2022). Judicial reform, boosting Jewish identity: The new coalition’s policy guidelines, retrieved from https://www.timesofisrael.com/judicial-reform-boosting-jewish-identity-the-new-coalitions-policy-guidelines/ in 30.08.2024.
  • Kissinger, H. (2006). Diplomasi, İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür yayınları.
  • Laqueur, W. (2003). The history of Zionism, New York: Knopf Publishing Group.
  • Morris, B. (1999). Righteous victims, New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Morris, B. (2002). Camp David and after: an exchange (1. an interview with Ehud Barak), retrieved from https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2002/06/13/camp-david-and-after-an-exchange-1-an-interview-wi/ in 08.09.2024.
  • Office of the Historian. (1991). The Madrid conference, 1991, retrieved from https://history.state.gov/milestones/1989-1992/madrid-conference in 13.09.2024.
  • Peri, Y. (1983). Between battles and ballots. Israeli military in politics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ross, D. (2004). The missing peace: The inside story of the fight for Middle East peace, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
  • Schmidt, Y. (2008). Foundations of civil and political rights in Israel and the occupied territories. Munich: GRIN Verlag.
  • Sicherman , H. (1995). A briefing on the Middle East peace process - Yitzhak Rabin: an appreciation, retrieved from https://www.fpri.org/article/1995/11/yitzhak-rabin-appreciation/ in 19.09.2024.
  • The Knesset, (n.d.), Assembly of Representatives, retrieved from https://main.knesset.gov.il/about/lexicon/pages/asefat_niv.aspx in 05.09.2024.
  • The Knesset, (n.d.), Gush Emunim, retrieved from http://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/Faction Page_eng.asp?PG=3 in 17.09.2024.
  • The Knesset, (n.d.), SHAS, retrieved from http://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/Faction Page_eng.asp?PG=2 in 19.08.2024.
  • The Knesset, (n.d.),מפלגת מפד"ל , retrieved from http://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/heb/FactionPage.asp?PG=2 in 31.08.2024.
  • UN, (n.d.), The Question of Palestine, retrieved from https://www.un.org/unispal/data-collection/general-assembly/ in 09.09.2024.
  • World Zionist Organization, (2004), Jerusalem Program 2004, retrieved from https://www.wzo.org.il/page/zionist-congress-38/jerusalem/en in 26.08.2024.
  • Лакер, В. (2000). История ционизма, перевод: А.Блейз, О. Блейз, Москва: Крон-пресс.
  • Нойбергер, Б. (1998). Политические партии в Израиле – власть и политика в государстве Израиль: социально-политическая динамика, VII-VIII, перевод: Сергей Фролов, Тель-Авив: Открытый Университет Израиля (Political Parties in Israel - Power and Politics in the State of Israel: socio-political Dynamics, (Neuberger, B. (1998). ערוץ 7, (2022). גיא זוהר בדק: ש"ס תמכה בהסכמי אוסלו או התנגדה, אוחזר מ- https://www.inn.co.il/news/574774 בתאריך 08.09.2024 (Guy Zohar examined: Did SHAS support or oppose the Oslo Accords? (Channel 7, 2002)
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Contemporary History of Middle East
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Elshan Gurbanov 0000-0001-5021-5120

Yahya Bağçeci 0000-0001-8595-1953

Publication Date June 20, 2025
Submission Date December 28, 2024
Acceptance Date June 4, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 35

Cite

APA Gurbanov, E., & Bağçeci, Y. (2025). RISE OF RIGHTIST IDEOLOGIES IN ISRAEL AND SHIFT OF POWER FROM LEFT TO RIGHT (THE 2ND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY). Kafkas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(35), 411-432. https://doi.org/10.56597/kausbed.1608646