ABD’de Güncel Politik Bölünmelerin Kökeni: Obama-Trump Dönemlerinden Bugüne Beş Politika Alanı

Year 2025, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 95 - 122, 03.09.2025

Oğuzhan Manioğlu

Abstract

Çalışma kapsamında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde Barack Obama ve Donald Trump’ın başkanlık dönemlerinde uygulanan azınlık hakları, ekonomi politikaları, sosyal devlet uygulamaları, İslamofobi ve dinin toplumsal/siyasal yaşamdaki yeri olmak üzere beş temel politika alanı Demokrat ve Cumhuriyetçi partilerin bu konulara yaklaşımları çerçevesinde karşılaştırmalı şekilde ele alınmaktadır.
Bu noktada Obama yönetimi çoğulculuk, sosyal adalet ve devlet desteklik refah anlayışıyla ön planda yer alırken; Trump döneminde, milliyetçi ve muhafazakâr söylemlerle şekillenen, göçmen karşıtı, dini muhafazakarlık ve piyasa merkezli ekonomik bir anlayışa sahip olmuştur. Belirgin karşıt ideolojilere sahip her iki dönemde bu politika farklılıkları yalnızca geçici olan siyasi tercihlere bağlanmamış Amerikan toplumunun yapısal kutuplaşmasının temelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu eksende Obama ve Trump dönemleri üzerinden günümüz Amerikan siyasetindeki ideolojik ayrışmaların tarihsel ve sosyolojik temellerini açıklamaktadır.

Keywords

Obama , Trump , ABD siyaseti , azınlık hakları , sosyal devlet , ekonomi politikaları , İslamofobi , din ve siyaset , kutuplaşma.

The Origins of Current Political Divisions in the United States: Five Policy Areas from the Obama-Trump Eras to the Present

Abstract

Within the scope of this study, five key policy areas—minority rights, economic policies, social welfare practices, Islamophobia, and the place of religion in social and political life—implemented during the presidencies of Barack Obama and Donald Trump in the United States are examined in a comparative manner within the framework of the Democratic and Republican parties' approaches to these issues. At this point, while the Obama administration was at the forefront with itspluralism, social justice, and state-supported welfare approach, the Trump administration was shaped by nationalist and conservative rhetoric and had an anti-immigrant, religiously conservative, and market-centered economic approach. The policy differences between these two periods, which have distinct opposing ideologies, are not merely temporary political preferences, but rather form the basis of the structural polarization of American society. Along these lines, the book explains the historical and sociological foundations of the ideological divisions in contemporary American politics through the Obama and Trump periods.

Keywords

Obama , Trump , US politics , minority rights , welfare state , economic policies , Islamophobia , religion and politics , polarization.

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