FARKINDA MIYIZ? BİLİŞSEL FARKINDALIK İLE PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLUŞUN İÇRELLEŞMESİ

Year 2017, Issue: 7, 167 - 189, 01.02.2017

Yener Özen

Abstract

Bu çalışmada amaç; son yıllarda, psikosağaltım alanında farkındalığa dayalı terapötik yaklaşımların ağırlık kazanmaya başladığı alanyazını ile tartışmaktır. Bu yaklaşımın merkezinde “dikkatin sürekli olarak şimdiki yaşantılara ve anlık deneyimlere odaklanması hali” olarak tanımlanabilen Farkındalık kavramı yer almaktadır. Farkındalık; yargısız bir şekilde, şimdiki ana odaklanabilmek amacıyla, dikkati toplayabilmektir. Psikosağaltım ekolleri açısından değerlendirildiğinde, Farkındalık Temelli Sağaltımların, Bilişsel ve Davranışçı Sağıltımlar kapsamında ele alınmaktadır. Farkındalık kavramıyla ilgili araştırmalar göz önüne alındığında, kavramı özellikle dikkat ya da üstbiliş gibi bilgi işleme süreçleriyle ilişkilendiren çalışmalar vardır. Farkındalık Temelli Sağaltımlardaki değişim süreçleri, maruz bırakma, dikkat yönetimi, duygu yönetimi gibi etki mekanizmalarına dayanarak açıklanmaktadır. Batı dünyasında yeni bir kavram olan Farkındalık stresi azaltmada, kendini fark etmeyi arttırmada, duygusal zekâyı geliştirmede, yıkıcı, duygusal, bilişsel ve davranışsal süreçleri zayıflatmada, her geçen gün daha fazla kullanılan, etkin bir yöntemdir. Pek çok kişi, Farkındalık ile derin düşünme birlikte eş anlamlı bir yerde tutmasına rağmen, aslında açıklık, farkına varma, odaklanmanın olduğu bir zihin durumunu geliştirecek yollardan sadece biri derin düşünmedir. Farkındalık bir anlamda, uyanmak, kendimizle temasa geçmek ve yaşamın her anının içeriğini değerlendirebilmektir. Bu, psikolojik ve duygusal esnekliği geliştirmenin ve yaşamsal tatmini arttırmanın derin bir yoludur. Bu durum bireyin psikolojik iyi olma ile farkındalık arasındaki iç içe ilişkililiği ortaya koymaktadır. Psikolojik iyi oluş kavramının içeriğini iyilik hali kavramı oluşturmaktadır. Çünkü iyilik hali, diğerlerinin ıstıraplarına duyarlı olmayı, diğerlerinin acılarının farkında olmayı, bu ıstırap ve acılardan bağlantısız olmamayı ve sakınmamayı, diğerlerine şefkatli olmayı, diğerlerinin ortaya çıkan ıstıraplarını hafifletme arzusunu ve başarısız olan veya yanlış yapan kimseleri yargılamadan anlamayı içerir. Psikolojik iyi oluş, bireyin acı ve başarısızlık durumlarında kendini eleştirmekten ziyade kendine özenli ve anlayışlı davranma, yaşadığı olumsuz deneyimleri insanoğlunun yaşamının bir parçası olarak görme, olumsuz duygu ve düşüncelerin üstünde fazlaca durmaktansa mantıklı çözüm yolları arama olarak tanımlanmaktadır.

Keywords

Farkındalık, Bilişsel farkındalık, Duygusal Farkındalık, Psikolojik İyi Oluş

ARE WE AWARE? COGNITIVE AWARENESS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING INTERNAL INTEGRATION

Abstract

In this study; Is to debate the recent years that awareness-based therapeutic approaches in psychotherapy are beginning to gain weight. At the center of this approach is the concept of awareness, which can be described as "the focus of attention continuously on the current experiences and instant experiences". Awareness; without judgment, in order to be able to focus on the present main focus. When evaluated in terms of psychotherapy associations, it is considered within the scope of Awareness Based Psychotherapies, Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies. Given the research on the concept of awareness, there are studies that relate the concept to information processing processes, such as attention or metacognition. Awareness Based Psychotherapy is explained based on the influence mechanisms such as change processes, exposure, attention management, emotional management. A new concept in the western world, Awareness is an effective method that is being used more and more every day in decreasing stress, increasing awareness, improving emotional intelligence, weakening destructive, emotional, cognitive and behavioral processes. Many people think deeply about ways to develop a state of mind that is, in fact, openness, awareness, focus, although awareness and deep thinking keep it in synchronicity. Awareness is a sense of being able to wake up, pass on a theme to ourselves, and evaluate the content of every moment of life. This is a profound way of developing psychological and emotional flexibility and increasing life satisfaction. This indicates that the individual has an inner relationship between psychological well-being and awareness. The notion of goodness constitutes the content of the concept of psychological well-being. Because well-being, to be sensitive to others' suffering, be aware of the other's pain, that suffering and not to be disconnected from the suffering and to avoid, to be compassionate to others, alleviate the suffering that results from others includes understanding the desire and the failed or wrong that anyone without trial. Psychological well-being is defined as being self-conscious and insightful in criticizing oneself in cases of pain and failure, searching for negative experiences as a part of human's life, searching for logical ways to solve them if they stay above negative feelings and thoughts.

Keywords

Awareness, Cognitive Awareness, Emotional Awareness, Psychological Well-Being

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