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Koroner Arter Greft Baypas Cerrahisine Bağlı Nadir Bir Nörolojik Komplikasyon: Oksipital İnfarkt Sonrası Binoküler Amarozis Fugaks

Year 2015, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 94 - 97, 03.08.2015

Abstract











Yazımızda
koroner arter baypas cerrahisinin erken döneminde görülebilen, geçici olan,
majör bir nörolojik komplikasyonu sunmaktayız. Ciddi koroner arter lezyonları
olan 63 yaşındaki bir hasta cerrahi tedavi için kliniğimize yatırıldı. Ameliyat
öncesi değerlendirmede hastanın yüksek tansiyon, hiperlipidemi ve sigara öyküsü
mevcut idi. Hastada nörolojik bir patoloji ve görme kusuru yoktu. Diğer fizik
muayene bulguları olağandı. Ameliyat sonrası erken dönemde hasta entübe iken
durumu stabil seyretti. Puppileride ışık refleksine cevap veriyordu.
Ekstübasyondan hemen sonra hasta göremediğinden bahsediyor, kör olduğunu
söylüyordu. Bunun üzerine hastaya beyin tomografisi çekildi ve oksipital lobda
enfarkt alanı ve çevresinde ödem saptandı. Hastaya antiödem tedavisi
başlandıktan kısa süre sonra hastanın görme fonksiyonları düzeldi. Postop 12.
günde çekilen kontrol tomografide, hastanın görme fonksiyonunun çabucak
düzelmiş olmasına rağmen, radiyolojik patolojik bulguların devam ettiği
görüldü. Meydana gelen durum amarozis fugaks olarak değerlendirildi. Amarozis
fugaks, ipsilateral gözde geçici monooküler körlük olup, binoküler bilateral
körlüğe sebep olan amarozis fugaks postoperatif iskemik optik nöropatide
oluşur. Çok nadir görülüp insidansı %0.5 den bile azdır. Açık kalp cerrahisi
sonrası görülme oranı %1.3-2’dir. Bize göre açık kalp cerrahisi sonrası
bilateral amarozis fugaks görülmesi çok nadir olan, majör fakat geçici bir
nörolojik komplikasyondur. Olgumuzda olduğu gibi radiyolojik bulgular her zaman
hastanın klinik gidişatını açıklamayabilir. Uygun antiödem tedavi ile görme
fonksiyonlarının düzelmesi sağlanarak, radiyolojik bulguların daha geç dönemde
düzelmesi beklenebilir.



References

  • 1. Roach GW, Kanchuger M, Mangano CM, Newman M, Nussmeier N, Wolman R, et al. Adverse cerebral outcomes after coronary bypass surgery. Multicenter study of perioperative ischemia research group and the ischemia research and education foundation investigators. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1857-63.
  • 2. Newman MF, Mathew JP, Grocott HP, Mackensen GB, Monk T, Welsh-Bohmer KA, et al. Central nervous system injury associated with cardiac surgery. Lancet 2006;368:694-703.
  • 3. Breuer AC, Furlan AJ, Hanson MR, Lederman RJ, Loop FD, Cosgrove DM, et al. Central nervous system complications of coronary artery bypass graft surgery: prospective analysis of 421 patients. Stroke 1983;14:682-7.
  • 4. Pugsley W, Klinger L, Paschalis, Treasure T, Harrison M, Newman S. The impact of microemboli during cardiopulmonary bypass on neuropsychological functioning. Stroke 1994;25:1393-9.
  • 5. McKhann GM, Grega MA, Borowicz LM Jr, Baumgartner WA, Selnes OA. Stroke and encephalopathy after cardiac surgery: an update. Stroke 2006;37:562-71.
  • 6. Burger SK, Saul RF, Selhorst JB, Thurston SE. Transient monocular blindness caused by vasospasm. N Engl J Med 1991;325:870-3.
  • 7. Sorenson PN. Amaurosis fugax. A unselected material. Acta Opthalmol 1983;61:583-8.
  • 8. Smit RL, Baarsma GS, Koudstaal PJ. The source of embolism in amaurosis fugax and retinal artery occlusion. Int Ophtalmol 1994;18:83-6.
  • 9. Kidwell CS, Warach S. Acute ischemic cerebrovascular syndrome: diagnostic criteria. Stroke 2003;34:2995-8.
  • 10. Nuttall GA, Garrity JA, Dearani JA, Abel MD, Schroeder DR, Mullany CJ. Risk factors for ischemic optic neuropathy after cardiopulmonary bypass: a matched case/control study. Anesth Analg 2001;93:1410-6
  • 11. Shapira OM, Kimmel WA, Lindsey PS, Shahian DM. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy after open heart operations. Ann Thorac Surg 1996;61:660-6.
  • 12. Alpert JN, Pena Y, Leachman DR. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy after coronary bypass surgery. Tex Med 1987;83:45-7.
  • 13. Larkin DF, Connolly P, Magner JB, Wood AE, Eustace P. Intraocular pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass. Br J Ophthalmol 1987;71:177-80.
  • 14. Blauth CI, Arnold JV, Schulenberg WE, McCartney AC, Taylor KM. Cerebral microembolism during cardiopulmonary bypass. Retinal microvascular studies in vivo with fluorescein angiography. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1988;95:668-76.

A Rare Neurologic Complication of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: Occipital Infarction with Binocular Amaurosis Fugax

Year 2015, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 94 - 97, 03.08.2015

Abstract









Herein, we report a major but
transient neurologic complication occurring early after coronary artery bypass
grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass. In June 2010, a 63-year-old male patient
with a history of unstable angina pectoris and severe coronary stenosis was
admitted for surgery. He also had a past medical history of hypertension,
hyperlipidemia and smoking for 38 years. Preoperative neurological examination
was normal with no visual disturbance or orbital motor dysfunction. Physical
examination of other organ systems were also normal. During the early
postoperative hours, the patient was clinically stable. Direct and consensual
light reflexes were normal bilaterally. Following extubation, bilateral total
loss of vision developed. Computed tomography of the brain at postoperative day
1 revealed a cerebral infarction with surrounding tissue edema in the occipital
lobes. Following the anti-edematous treatment, a gradual improvement of vision
occurred in both eyes. Despite the dramatic improvement in visual functions, a
computed tomography of the brain at postoperative day 12 showed the persistence
of initial radiological findings, suggesting amaurosis fugax, which is
generally defined as a transient monocular visual loss and blindness. Binocular
amaurosis fugax associated with bilateral total blindness due to postoperative
ischemic optic neuropathy has also been described, with an incidence of less
than 0.5%. Some other studies have reported a prevalence rate of 1.3-2% among
patients undergoing open-heart surgery. In any case, bilateral amaurosis fugax
developing as a transient postoperative neurological complication after
coronary artery bypass grafting represents a rare condition. Radiological
imaging studies may sometimes fail to detect the condition and complete
restoration of visual functions may be achieved by appropriate anti-edema
therapy.

References

  • 1. Roach GW, Kanchuger M, Mangano CM, Newman M, Nussmeier N, Wolman R, et al. Adverse cerebral outcomes after coronary bypass surgery. Multicenter study of perioperative ischemia research group and the ischemia research and education foundation investigators. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1857-63.
  • 2. Newman MF, Mathew JP, Grocott HP, Mackensen GB, Monk T, Welsh-Bohmer KA, et al. Central nervous system injury associated with cardiac surgery. Lancet 2006;368:694-703.
  • 3. Breuer AC, Furlan AJ, Hanson MR, Lederman RJ, Loop FD, Cosgrove DM, et al. Central nervous system complications of coronary artery bypass graft surgery: prospective analysis of 421 patients. Stroke 1983;14:682-7.
  • 4. Pugsley W, Klinger L, Paschalis, Treasure T, Harrison M, Newman S. The impact of microemboli during cardiopulmonary bypass on neuropsychological functioning. Stroke 1994;25:1393-9.
  • 5. McKhann GM, Grega MA, Borowicz LM Jr, Baumgartner WA, Selnes OA. Stroke and encephalopathy after cardiac surgery: an update. Stroke 2006;37:562-71.
  • 6. Burger SK, Saul RF, Selhorst JB, Thurston SE. Transient monocular blindness caused by vasospasm. N Engl J Med 1991;325:870-3.
  • 7. Sorenson PN. Amaurosis fugax. A unselected material. Acta Opthalmol 1983;61:583-8.
  • 8. Smit RL, Baarsma GS, Koudstaal PJ. The source of embolism in amaurosis fugax and retinal artery occlusion. Int Ophtalmol 1994;18:83-6.
  • 9. Kidwell CS, Warach S. Acute ischemic cerebrovascular syndrome: diagnostic criteria. Stroke 2003;34:2995-8.
  • 10. Nuttall GA, Garrity JA, Dearani JA, Abel MD, Schroeder DR, Mullany CJ. Risk factors for ischemic optic neuropathy after cardiopulmonary bypass: a matched case/control study. Anesth Analg 2001;93:1410-6
  • 11. Shapira OM, Kimmel WA, Lindsey PS, Shahian DM. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy after open heart operations. Ann Thorac Surg 1996;61:660-6.
  • 12. Alpert JN, Pena Y, Leachman DR. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy after coronary bypass surgery. Tex Med 1987;83:45-7.
  • 13. Larkin DF, Connolly P, Magner JB, Wood AE, Eustace P. Intraocular pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass. Br J Ophthalmol 1987;71:177-80.
  • 14. Blauth CI, Arnold JV, Schulenberg WE, McCartney AC, Taylor KM. Cerebral microembolism during cardiopulmonary bypass. Retinal microvascular studies in vivo with fluorescein angiography. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1988;95:668-76.
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Case Report
Authors

Süreyya Talay This is me

Burçin Abud This is me

Bilgehan Erkut This is me

Publication Date August 3, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 18 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Talay S, Abud B, Erkut B. A Rare Neurologic Complication of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: Occipital Infarction with Binocular Amaurosis Fugax. Koşuyolu Heart Journal. 2015;18(2):94-7.