Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 25 Issue: 2, 149 - 156, 20.08.2022

Abstract

References

  • 1. Taqueti VR, Di Carli MF. Coronary microvascular disease pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic options: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;72:2625-41. [Crossref]
  • 2. Smith SC Jr, Greenland P, Grundy SM. AHA Conference Proceedings. Prevention conference V: Beyond secondary prevention: Identifying the high-risk patient for primary prevention: executive summary. American Heart Association. Circulation 2000;101(1):111-6. [Crossref]
  • 3. O’Connor S, Taylor C, Campbell LA, Epstein S, Libby P. Potential infectious etiologies of atherosclerosis: A multifactorial perspective. Emerg Infect Dis 2001;7:780-8. [Crossref]
  • 4. Kinane DF, Stathopoulou PG, Papapanou PN. Periodontal diseases. Nat Rev Dis Primer 2017;3:17038. [Crossref]
  • 5. Van Dyke TE. Control of inflammation and periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2007;45:158-66. [Crossref]
  • 6. Kodovazenitis G, Pitsavos C, Papadimitriou L, Vrotsos IA, Stefanadis C, Madianos PN. Association between periodontitis and acute myocardial infarction: A case-control study of a nondiabetic population. J Periodontal Res 2014;49:246-52. [Crossref]
  • 7. Shrihari TG. Potential correlation between periodontitis and coronary heart disease-an overview. Gen Dent 2012;60:20-4.
  • 8. Preshaw PM, Alba AL, Herrera D, Jepsen S, Konstantinidis A, Makrilakis K, et al. Periodontitis and diabetes: A two-way relationship. Diabetologia 2012;55:21-31. [Crossref]
  • 9. Howard BV, Best LG, Galloway JM, Howard WJ, Jones K, Lee KT, et al. Coronary heart disease risk equivalence in diabetes depends on concomitant risk factors. Diabetes Care 2006;29:391-7. [Crossref]
  • 10. Saffi MAL, Rabelo-Silva ER, Polanczyk CA, Furtado MV, Montenegro MM, Ribeiro IWJ, et al. Periodontal therapy and endothelial function in coronary artery disease: A randomized controlled trial. Oral Dis 2018;24:1349-57. [Crossref]
  • 11. Pietiäinen M, Kopra KAE, Vuorenkoski J, Salminen A, Paju S, Mäntylä P, et al. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes associate with periodontal and coronary artery disease status. J Clin Periodontol 2018;45:413-21. [Crossref]
  • 12. Li C, Lv Z, Shi Z, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Li L, et al. Periodontal therapy for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic periodontitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;11:CD009197. [Crossref]
  • 13. Oparil S, Acelajado MC, Bakris GL, Berlowitz DR, Cífková R, Dominiczak AF, et al. Hypertension. Nat Rev Dis Primer 2018;4:18014. [Crossref]
  • 14. Nelson RH. Hyperlipidemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Prim Care 2013;40:195-211. [Crossref]
  • 15. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2012. Diabetes Care 2012;35:S11-63. [Crossref]
  • 16. Sianos G, Morel M-A, Kappetein AP, Morice M-C, Colombo A, Dawkins K, et al. The SYNTAX Score: An angiographic tool grading the complexity of coronary artery disease. Euro Intervention J Eur Collab Work Group Interv Cardiol Eur Soc Cardiol 2005;1:219-27.
  • 17. Ramfjord SP. Indices for prevalence and incidence of periodontal disease. J Periodontol 1959;30:51-59. [Crossref]
  • 18. Löe H. The Gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems. J Periodontol 1967;38:610-6. [Crossref]
  • 19. laffey N, Polyzois I, Ziaka P. An overview of nonsurgical and surgical therapy. Periodontol 2000 2004;36:35-44. [Crossref]
  • 20. Malakar AK, Choudhury D, Halder B, Paul P, Uddin A, Chakraborty S. A review on coronary artery disease, its risk factors, and therapeutics. J Cell Physiol 2019;234:16812-23. [Crossref]
  • 21. Hansson GK. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1685-95. [Crossref]
  • 22. Dentino A, Lee S, Mailhot J, Hefti AF. Principles of periodontology - Periodontol 2000 2013;61:16-53. [Crossref]
  • 23. Periodontics Text and Evolve eBooks Package - 6th Edition. Available from: https://www.elsevier.com/books/periodontics-text-and-evolve-ebooks-package/eley/978-0-7020-4472-4 (Accessed date: 02 Kasım 2020).
  • 24. Kim J, Amar S. Periodontal disease and systemic conditions: A bidirectional relationship. Odontology 2006;94:10-21. [Crossref]
  • 25. Löe H. Periodontal disease. The sixth complication of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 1993;16:329-34. [Crossref]
  • 26. Groves DW, Krantz MJ, Hokanson JE, Johnson LR, Eckel RH, Kinney GL, et al. Comparison of frequency and duration of periodontal disease with progression of coronary artery calcium in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus versus non-diabetics. Am J Cardiol 2015;116:833-7. [Crossref]
  • 27. Yang H, Xiao L, Zhang L, Deepal S, Ye G, Zhang X. Epidemic trend of periodontal disease in elderly Chinese population, 1987-2015: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017;7:45000. [Crossref]
  • 28. Rampidis GP, Benetos G, Benz DC, Giannopoulos AA, Buechel RR. A guide for Gensini Score calculation. Atherosclerosis 2019;287:181-3. [Crossref]
  • 29. Chakrabarti AK, Gibson CM. The SYNTAX score: Usefulness, limitations, and future directions. J Invasive Cardiol 2011;23:511-2.
  • 30. Authors/Task Force members, Windecker S, Kolh P, Alfonso F, Collet J-P, Cremer J, et al. 2014 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization: The Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) Developed with the special contribution of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI). Eur Heart J 2014;35:2541-619. [Crossref]
  • 31. Escaned J, Collet C, Ryan N, De Maria GL, Walsh S, Sabate M, et al. Clinical outcomes of state-of-the-art percutaneous coronary revascularization in patients with de novo three vessel disease: 1-year results of the SYNTAX II study. Eur Heart J 2017;38:3124-34. [Crossref]

The Relationship Between the Severity of Atherosclerosis and Periodontal Disease Index in Diabetic Patients

Year 2022, Volume: 25 Issue: 2, 149 - 156, 20.08.2022

Abstract

Introduction: Although the link between coronary artery disease (CAD) and periodontal disease has previously been demonstrated, there is insufficient research on how the severity of both diseases impact each other. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the severity of periodontal disease and the diffuseness of CAD in diabetic patients.

Patients and Methods: A total of 127 diabetic patients with CAD were included in this study. The SYNTAX score determined the diffuseness of CAD, and the patients were divided into two groups as the SYNTAX score ≤22 and >22. The plaque index and periodontal disease index were used in the dental evaluation. The relationship of these indexes to the diffuseness of coronary artery disease has been investigated.

Results: In this study, the plaque index and periodontal disease index correlate significantly with the high SYNTAX score in diabetic patients. In univariate logistic regression analysis, PDI was a predictive variable for the SYNTAX score above 22 in diabetic patients. According to the ROC curve analysis, it was shown that the periodontal disease index of 4.3 could predict a high SYNTAX score.

Conclusion: To sum up, we found a significant relationship between periodontal disease severity and coronary artery disease diffuseness. PDI was found to be a predictor of a high SYNTAX score.

References

  • 1. Taqueti VR, Di Carli MF. Coronary microvascular disease pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic options: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;72:2625-41. [Crossref]
  • 2. Smith SC Jr, Greenland P, Grundy SM. AHA Conference Proceedings. Prevention conference V: Beyond secondary prevention: Identifying the high-risk patient for primary prevention: executive summary. American Heart Association. Circulation 2000;101(1):111-6. [Crossref]
  • 3. O’Connor S, Taylor C, Campbell LA, Epstein S, Libby P. Potential infectious etiologies of atherosclerosis: A multifactorial perspective. Emerg Infect Dis 2001;7:780-8. [Crossref]
  • 4. Kinane DF, Stathopoulou PG, Papapanou PN. Periodontal diseases. Nat Rev Dis Primer 2017;3:17038. [Crossref]
  • 5. Van Dyke TE. Control of inflammation and periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2007;45:158-66. [Crossref]
  • 6. Kodovazenitis G, Pitsavos C, Papadimitriou L, Vrotsos IA, Stefanadis C, Madianos PN. Association between periodontitis and acute myocardial infarction: A case-control study of a nondiabetic population. J Periodontal Res 2014;49:246-52. [Crossref]
  • 7. Shrihari TG. Potential correlation between periodontitis and coronary heart disease-an overview. Gen Dent 2012;60:20-4.
  • 8. Preshaw PM, Alba AL, Herrera D, Jepsen S, Konstantinidis A, Makrilakis K, et al. Periodontitis and diabetes: A two-way relationship. Diabetologia 2012;55:21-31. [Crossref]
  • 9. Howard BV, Best LG, Galloway JM, Howard WJ, Jones K, Lee KT, et al. Coronary heart disease risk equivalence in diabetes depends on concomitant risk factors. Diabetes Care 2006;29:391-7. [Crossref]
  • 10. Saffi MAL, Rabelo-Silva ER, Polanczyk CA, Furtado MV, Montenegro MM, Ribeiro IWJ, et al. Periodontal therapy and endothelial function in coronary artery disease: A randomized controlled trial. Oral Dis 2018;24:1349-57. [Crossref]
  • 11. Pietiäinen M, Kopra KAE, Vuorenkoski J, Salminen A, Paju S, Mäntylä P, et al. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes associate with periodontal and coronary artery disease status. J Clin Periodontol 2018;45:413-21. [Crossref]
  • 12. Li C, Lv Z, Shi Z, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Li L, et al. Periodontal therapy for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic periodontitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;11:CD009197. [Crossref]
  • 13. Oparil S, Acelajado MC, Bakris GL, Berlowitz DR, Cífková R, Dominiczak AF, et al. Hypertension. Nat Rev Dis Primer 2018;4:18014. [Crossref]
  • 14. Nelson RH. Hyperlipidemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Prim Care 2013;40:195-211. [Crossref]
  • 15. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2012. Diabetes Care 2012;35:S11-63. [Crossref]
  • 16. Sianos G, Morel M-A, Kappetein AP, Morice M-C, Colombo A, Dawkins K, et al. The SYNTAX Score: An angiographic tool grading the complexity of coronary artery disease. Euro Intervention J Eur Collab Work Group Interv Cardiol Eur Soc Cardiol 2005;1:219-27.
  • 17. Ramfjord SP. Indices for prevalence and incidence of periodontal disease. J Periodontol 1959;30:51-59. [Crossref]
  • 18. Löe H. The Gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems. J Periodontol 1967;38:610-6. [Crossref]
  • 19. laffey N, Polyzois I, Ziaka P. An overview of nonsurgical and surgical therapy. Periodontol 2000 2004;36:35-44. [Crossref]
  • 20. Malakar AK, Choudhury D, Halder B, Paul P, Uddin A, Chakraborty S. A review on coronary artery disease, its risk factors, and therapeutics. J Cell Physiol 2019;234:16812-23. [Crossref]
  • 21. Hansson GK. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1685-95. [Crossref]
  • 22. Dentino A, Lee S, Mailhot J, Hefti AF. Principles of periodontology - Periodontol 2000 2013;61:16-53. [Crossref]
  • 23. Periodontics Text and Evolve eBooks Package - 6th Edition. Available from: https://www.elsevier.com/books/periodontics-text-and-evolve-ebooks-package/eley/978-0-7020-4472-4 (Accessed date: 02 Kasım 2020).
  • 24. Kim J, Amar S. Periodontal disease and systemic conditions: A bidirectional relationship. Odontology 2006;94:10-21. [Crossref]
  • 25. Löe H. Periodontal disease. The sixth complication of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 1993;16:329-34. [Crossref]
  • 26. Groves DW, Krantz MJ, Hokanson JE, Johnson LR, Eckel RH, Kinney GL, et al. Comparison of frequency and duration of periodontal disease with progression of coronary artery calcium in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus versus non-diabetics. Am J Cardiol 2015;116:833-7. [Crossref]
  • 27. Yang H, Xiao L, Zhang L, Deepal S, Ye G, Zhang X. Epidemic trend of periodontal disease in elderly Chinese population, 1987-2015: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017;7:45000. [Crossref]
  • 28. Rampidis GP, Benetos G, Benz DC, Giannopoulos AA, Buechel RR. A guide for Gensini Score calculation. Atherosclerosis 2019;287:181-3. [Crossref]
  • 29. Chakrabarti AK, Gibson CM. The SYNTAX score: Usefulness, limitations, and future directions. J Invasive Cardiol 2011;23:511-2.
  • 30. Authors/Task Force members, Windecker S, Kolh P, Alfonso F, Collet J-P, Cremer J, et al. 2014 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization: The Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) Developed with the special contribution of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI). Eur Heart J 2014;35:2541-619. [Crossref]
  • 31. Escaned J, Collet C, Ryan N, De Maria GL, Walsh S, Sabate M, et al. Clinical outcomes of state-of-the-art percutaneous coronary revascularization in patients with de novo three vessel disease: 1-year results of the SYNTAX II study. Eur Heart J 2017;38:3124-34. [Crossref]
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Original Investigations
Authors

Arda Güler This is me 0000-0002-5763-6785

Emre Yılmaz This is me 0000-0002-1656-3778

Ali Rıza Demir This is me 0000-0002-3776-0228

Neşe Bayıroğlu This is me 0000-0001-6286-1330

Ali Kemal Kalkan This is me 0000-0003-3553-7468

Fatih Uzun This is me

Mehmet Ertürk This is me 0000-0001-9252-735X

Publication Date August 20, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 25 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Güler A, Yılmaz E, Demir AR, Bayıroğlu N, Kalkan AK, Uzun F, Ertürk M. The Relationship Between the Severity of Atherosclerosis and Periodontal Disease Index in Diabetic Patients. Koşuyolu Heart Journal. 2022;25(2):149-56.