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GREEN TRANSITION IN TRADE: AN ANALYSIS ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL LABEL AND ITS LEGAL NATURE

Year 2024, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 651 - 676, 30.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.59909/khm.1465198

Abstract

Increasing environmental awareness among the consumers has caused preference of such products and services that are less harmful to the environment. Therefore, businesses have begun using labels, signs, symbols, logos, etc. claiming that the products and services they offer are more “environmentally friendly” and have started to influence consumers’ sale preferences. With the raising environmental concerns in public, not only businesses but also environmental organisations and governments have started to promote sustainable products with the idea that the consumers can significantly reduce negative effects of the consumption on the environment through their conscious sales decisions. However, determining whether businesses’ claims as being environmentally friendly are true should be solved. To protect consumers, an ecolabel system which verifies the claims about the environmental impact of products and services have emerged. By ecolabel, accuracy of environmental claims about the goods and services are proved based on certain standards and evidence, thereof, the consumers can choose such products and services with confidence. In the process of harmonization with EU legislation, Türkiye implemented the “Environmental Label Regulation” (ÇEY) and the Turkish Environmental Label System (TÇES) in 2018. This study first introduces the environmental label and then this system and the legislation. Regarding that this system is new in Türkiye, an evaluation is undertaken about its legal nature. The evaluation is based upon whether the environmental label is a trademark in the light of the Turkish Industrial Property Law (SMK), because that it is a 'sign, logo' attached to the goods/services. Thus, if environmental label is a collective or certification mark is examined.

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TİCARETTE YEŞİL DÖNÜŞÜM: ÇEVRE ETİKETİ VE HUKUKİ NİTELİĞİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Year 2024, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 651 - 676, 30.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.59909/khm.1465198

Abstract

Tüketicilerde giderek artan çevre bilinci, çevreye daha az zarar veren ürün ve hizmetleri tercih etmelerine yol açmış; bunun sonucu olarak da işletmelerin sundukları ürün ve hizmetlerin daha “çevre dostu” olduğunu iddia eden etiket, işaret, sembol, logo vb. kullanarak tüketicilerin tercihlerine etki etmeye başlamıştır. Tüketicilerin çevreye ilişkin artan kaygıları, işletmeler kadar, çevre kuruluşları ve devletlerin de dikkatini çekmiş ve tüketicilerin bilinçli satın alma kararları yoluyla çevre üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri önemli ölçüde azaltabilecekleri görüşüyle sürdürülebilir ürünleri teşvik etme yoluna gitmiştir. Ancak işletmelerin, iddia ettikleri gibi çevreci olup olmadıklarının da tespiti de önemli bir sorun işareti teşkil etmektedir. Tüketicilerin korunması açısından ürünlerin ve hizmetlerin çevresel etkilerine ilişkin iddiaları doğrulayan çevre etiketi sistemi ortaya çıkmıştır. Çevre etiketi ile; işletmeler tarafından sunulan mal ve hizmetlere ilişkin çevresel iddiaların tamamen belli standartlara ve kanıtlara dayalı olarak doğruluğu desteklenmekte ve tüketicilerin de güven ile bu tür ürün ve hizmetleri seçmesinin önü açılmaktadır. Çevre etiketine sahip olan AB mevzuatı ile uyum sürecinde, 2018 yılında Türkiye “Çevre Etiketi Yönetmeliği” ile Türkiye Çevre Etiketi Sistemi (TÇES) hayata geçirmiştir. Ülkemiz açısından son derece yeni olan çevre etiketini de halihazırda sadece 10 işletmenin aldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmamızda öncelikle, çevre etiketi tanıtılacak ve çevre etiketi sistemi ve mevzuatı incelenecektir. Söz konusu sistemin ülkemizde de yeni olması göz önüne alınarak hukuki niteliğine ilişkin değerlendirme yapılacaktır. Söz konusu değerlendirme, çevre etiketin, bir “işaret, logo” olmasından yola çıkılarak Sınai Mülkiyet Kanunu ışığında bir marka olup olmadığı temelinde yapılacaktır. Bu noktada çevre etiketinin ortak marka veya garanti markası olup olmadığı incelenecektir.

References

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  • Bozbel, Savaş. Fikri Mülkiyet Hukuku, İstanbul: On İki Levha Yayıncılık, 2015
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  • Jain, Shikha ve Hagenbeek, Olivier. “2021 Global Sustainability Study: What Role do Consumer Play in a Sustainable Future”, simon-kucher.com, 28 October 2021, https://www.simon-kucher.com/en/insights/2021-global-sustainability-study-what-role-do-consumers-play-sustainable-future.
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  • Menell, Peter S. “Structuring a Market-Oriented Federal Eco-Information Policy.” Md. L. Rev. 54, (1995): ss. 1435-1474. Mogyoros, Alexandra. "Improving eco-labels: are green certification marks up to the task?." Journal of Intellec-tual Property Law and Practice 18, no. 5 (2023): ss. 367-373.
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  • Polak, John. "Trade as an environmental policy tool? GEN, ecolabelling and trade." WTO Public Symposium Challanges Ahead on The Road to Cancun. 2003.
  • Prieto-Sandoval, Vanessa, Mejía-Villa, Andrés, Ormazabal, Marta, and Jaca, Carmen. "Challenges for ecolabe-ling growth: lessons from the EU Ecolabel in Spain." The International Journal of Life Cycle Assess-ment 25 (2020): ss. 856-867.
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  • Simi, T. B. “Eco-labels: Trade Barriers or Trade Facilitators.” CUTS Centre for International Trade, Economics & Environment-Discussion Paper 1, no. 2009 (2009), s.186-195. https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/ditctab2022d8_en.pdf.
  • Şişman Aydın, Göknur. "Eko-Etiketleme Ve Türkiye Çevre Etiketi." Harran Üniversitesi Mühendislik Dergisi 4, No. 1 (2019): ss. 40-47.
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There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Environmental and Resources Law (Other), Commercial Law (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Şerife Esra Kiraz 0000-0003-3163-8640

Early Pub Date October 26, 2024
Publication Date October 30, 2024
Submission Date April 4, 2024
Acceptance Date May 27, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

Chicago Kiraz, Şerife Esra. “TİCARETTE YEŞİL DÖNÜŞÜM: ÇEVRE ETİKETİ VE HUKUKİ NİTELİĞİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME”. Kırıkkale Hukuk Mecmuası 4, no. 2 (October 2024): 651-76. https://doi.org/10.59909/khm.1465198.

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