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Manşet ve Diplomasi Arasında: Fenerbahçe-Galatasaray Süper Kupa Finali Yankılarının Kriz İletişim Analizi

Year 2024, Issue: 13, 288 - 307, 30.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.56676/kiad.1443150

Abstract

Spor organizasyonları ülkeler arasındaki ikili ilişkilerin, karşılıklı itibarın ve spor diplomasisinin gelişmesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu makale, Fenerbahçe-Galatasaray süper kupa karşılaşması ışığında tarafların kriz iletişim stratejilerini, medyada yer alan haberleri ve spor diplomasisinin işlevini kapsamlı bir şekilde incelemektedir. Bu araştırma, medyada çıkan haberler ile kulüpler, yetkililer ve paydaşlar tarafından kullanılan farklı iletişim stratejilerini analiz ederek maç iptalinin olumsuz etkilerinin karmaşık yönlerini ortaya koymaktadır. Hem niteliksel hem de niceliksel içerik analizi teknikleri kullanılarak rastgele seçilen 24 uluslararası haber incelenmiştir. Maçın iptal edilmesinin olumsuz etkilerinin çeşitli yönleri, medyadan çıkan haberlerin incelendiği bu çalışmayla açıklığa kavuşturulmaktadır. Bu çalışma, kriz iletişimi teorilerinden yararlanarak organizasyonun paydaşlarının krizi yönetmede ve kamuoyunu etkilemede kullandıkları stratejilere dikkat çekmektedir. Organizasyonda Suudi Arabistan ve Türkiye'yi temsil eden aktörlerin zorluklara rağmen ilişkilerini sürdürme kararlılığı, uzun vadeli ilişkilere saygı duyduklarını, yapıcı iletişime ve karşılıklı faydalara açık olduklarını göstermektedir. Halkla ilişkilerde reaktif bir süreç olan kriz sürecinde, spor diplomasisinin de etkin bir şekilde kullanıldığı görülmektedir.

References

  • Abatay, B. (2023, 30 December). Galatasaray v Fenerbahce: Turkish super cup final in Saudi Arabia postponed. BBC. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/67842913
  • Abramczyk, Emily. 2024. Growth of political relations or sportswashing? The nuances of sports as soft diplomacy. APSA Preprints. doi: 10.33774/apsa-2024-gf408.
  • Al Jazeera. (2023, 30 December). Turkey super cup final in Saudi Arabia called off amid Ataturk t-shirt row. Al Jazeera. Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/30/turkey-super-cup-final-in-saudi- arabia-called-off-amid-ataturk-t-shirt-row
  • Al-Majid, F. (2023). The role of sports events in Turkish-Saudi diplomatic relations. Middle East Journal of Sports Diplomacy, 12(1), 55-70.
  • Al-Rawi, A. (2021). Disinformation under a networked authoritarian state: Saudi trolls’ credibility attacks against Jamal Khashoggi. Open Information Science, 5(1), 140- 162.
  • AP News. (2023, 29 December). Turkish super cup final in riyadh canceled over jersey dispute with Saudi officials. AP News. Retrieved from https://apnews.com/article/turkish-super-cup-saudi-dispute- 2330dca5207e4126139800fceb1c19b8
  • Aras, B. (2005). Turkey and the GCC: An Emerging Relationship. Middle East Policy, 12(4), 89-97.
  • Ayhan, V. (2006). İmparatorluk yolu. Petrol savaşlarının odağında. Ankara: Nobel Yayın.
  • Başaran, E. (2023, 30 December). How Atatürk won over Saudi sportswashing from beyond the grave. Medium. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@ebasaran49/how-atat%C3%BCrk-won-over-saudi- sportswashing-from-beyond-the-grave-dfdf4a8566ca
  • Butler, D. (2023, 30 December). Turkish super cup final in riyadh postponed amid row. Reuters. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/turkey-super-cup- final-set-be-played-saudi-cancelled-amid-row-ntv-2023-12-29/
  • Cengiz, S. (2020). Turkish-Saudi relations: Cooperation and competition in the Middle East. Gerlach Press.
  • Chanda, M. S. and Pathan, A. B. (2024). Sporting diplomacy: Bridging soft law, global governance, and sustainable development in international relations. Migration Letters, 21 (4), 1741–1751. Retrieved from https://migrationletters.com/index.php/ml/article/view/8012
  • Chadwick, S., & Widdop, P. (2022). Saudi Arabia and sport in the 21st century: From oil and gas to event-driven change. D. Reiche and P. M. Brannagan (Ed.), Routledge handbook of sport in the middle east (p. 231-241) in. Routledge.
  • Chen, L., and Wang, Y. (2022). Sport mega-events and geopolitical tensions: Implications for diplomatic relations. International Studies Review, 25(2), 189-207.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2010). Parameters for crisis communication. W. Timothy Coombs and Sherry J. Holladay (Ed.), The handbook of crisis communication, (p. 17-53) in. UK: Blackwell.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2006). The protective powers of crisis response strategies: Managing reputational assets during a crisis. Journal of Promotion Management, 12, 241-260.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2004). Impact of past crises on current crisis communications: Insights from situational crisis communication theory. Journal of Business Communication, 41, 265-289.
  • Coombs, W. T., and Holladay, S. J. (2007). The negative communication dynamic: Exploring the impact of stakeholder affect on behavioral intentions. Journal of Communication Management, 11, 300-312.
  • Coombs, W. T., and Holladay, S. J. (2002). Helping crisis managers protect reputational assets: Initial tests of the situational crisis communication theory. Management Communication Quarterly, 16, 165-186.
  • Cornelissen, S. (2011). The soft power of the world cup. Public Diplomacy Magazine, 2(1), 7-11.
  • Donos, M. (2012). Communicating sport mega-events and the soft power dimensions of public diplomacy. Canada: University of Ottawa.
  • ESPN. (2023, 29 December). Turkish super cup final in Saudi cancelled before kickoff. ESPN. Retrieved from https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/39205022/turkish-super- cup-final- cancelled-kick-report
  • Fearn-Banks, K. (1996). Crisis communication: A casebook approach. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Fink, S. (1986). Crisis management: Planning for the inevitable. New York: AMACOM.
  • Friedman, M. (2002). Everyday crisis management: How to think like an emergency physician. Naperville, IL: First Decision Press
  • Grix, J., and Carmichael, F. (2017). Mega-events and modernity: Olympics and expos in the growth of global culture. USA: Routledge.
  • Hayden, J. (2023, 30 December). Atatürk row scuttles Turkish super cup football final in riyadh. Politico. Retrieved from https://www.politico.eu/article/turkey-super-cup- football-final-saudi-arabia-riyadh-ataturk/
  • Houlihan, B. (1994). Sport and international politics. UK: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  • Konopka, N. (2023). Sports diplomacy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Політичне життя, 112-121.
  • Manzenreiter, W. (2020). The 2020 Tokyo olympic games: The political economy of Tokyo hosting the world. H. Takeda, M. Williams (Ed.), routledge handbook of contemporary Japan (p. 427-440) in. Routledge.
  • Mitroff, I. I., and Anagnos, G. (2001). Managing crises before they happen: What every executive and manager needs to know about crisis management. New York: AMACOM.
  • Nye, J. S. (2004). Soft power: The means to success in world politics. US: Public Affairs.
  • Regester, M. (1989). Crisis management: What to do when the unthinkable happens. London: Hutchinson Business.
  • Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (n. d). Bilateral political relations between Türkiye and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved from https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-saudi-arabia-relations.en.mfa
  • Sarajevo Times. (2023, 30 December). This is how the world saw the unimaginable scandal: “Both nations are ashamed” Sarajevo Times. Retrieved from https://sarajevotimes.com/this-is-how-the-wworld-saw-the-unimaginable- scandal-both-nations-are-ashamed/
  • Seeger, M. W., Sellnow, T. L., and Ulmer, R. R. (1998). Communication, organization and crisis. M. E. Roloff (Ed.), Communication yearbook 21 (p. 231-275) in. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Riyadh Season Official X Page. (29.12.2023). Retrieved from https://x.com/RiyadhSeason/status/1740888125054849111?s=20
  • RTÉ. (2023, 29 December). Turkish Super Cup final in riyadh postponed over Atatürk T -shirt row. RTÉ. Retrieved from https://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/2023/1229/1424089-turkish-super-cup-in-riyadh- postponed-over-t-shirt-row/
  • The Directorate of Communications center for combating disinformation. (2023, 29 December). Retrieved from https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/turkce/haberler/detay/super-kupa- finalinde- istiklal-marsi-ve-turk-bayragina-izin-verilmeyecek-iddiasina-iliskin-aciklama
  • The Guardian. (2023, 29 December). T-shirt row’ causes Saudi Arabia-based Turkish super cup final to be postponed. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://guardian.gpepper.workers.dev/football/2023/dec/29/t-shirt-row-saudi- arabia-based-turkish-super-cup-final-postponed-galatasaray-fenerbahce
  • The National News. (2023, 30 December). Turkish super cup final in riyadh postponed over Ataturk t-shirts. The National News. Retrieved from https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/football/2023/12/30/turkish-super-cup- final-in-riyadh-postponed-over-ataturk-t-shirts/
  • Turkish Football Federation. (2024, 02 January). Retrieved from: https://www.tff.org/Default.aspx?pageId=200&ftxtId=43077
  • Turkish Football Federation. (2023, 29 December). Official Instagram Page. Retrieved from: https://www.instagram.com/p/C1ctbFUrf24/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link&ig sh=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==
  • Zhang, X., and Tang, Y. (2024). Digital diplomacy and domestic audience: How official discourse shapes nationalist sentiments in China. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1-12.

Between Headlines and Diplomacy: Crisis Communication Analysis of the Fenerbahçe-Galatasaray Super Cup Final Repercussions

Year 2024, Issue: 13, 288 - 307, 30.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.56676/kiad.1443150

Abstract

Sports organizations can be crucial in advancing bilateral ties between nations, enhancing their mutual reputations, and developing sports diplomacy. In light of the Fenerbahçe-Galatasaray Super Cup match, this article discusses in detail the parties' crisis communication strategies, media coverage, and the role of sports diplomacy. Through a detailed analysis of the media coverage and the various communication strategies adopted by the clubs, officials, and stakeholders, this study highlights the complications surrounding the detrimental effects of the match cancellation. Using qualitative and quantitative content analysis techniques, 24 international news articles chosen at random were examined. This study, which closely examines media reports, reveals some of the adverse effects of canceling matches. The assessment highlights the organizational approaches used by stakeholders to address the issue and influence public opinion, drawing on crisis communication theories. The actors in the organization representing Saudi Arabia and Turkey are receptive to constructive discussion and mutual advantages, and their willingness to uphold their partnerships in the face of adversity indicates their regard for long-term relationships. It is evident that sports diplomacy, a reactive approach in public relations, is also effectively employed during the crisis.

References

  • Abatay, B. (2023, 30 December). Galatasaray v Fenerbahce: Turkish super cup final in Saudi Arabia postponed. BBC. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/67842913
  • Abramczyk, Emily. 2024. Growth of political relations or sportswashing? The nuances of sports as soft diplomacy. APSA Preprints. doi: 10.33774/apsa-2024-gf408.
  • Al Jazeera. (2023, 30 December). Turkey super cup final in Saudi Arabia called off amid Ataturk t-shirt row. Al Jazeera. Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/30/turkey-super-cup-final-in-saudi- arabia-called-off-amid-ataturk-t-shirt-row
  • Al-Majid, F. (2023). The role of sports events in Turkish-Saudi diplomatic relations. Middle East Journal of Sports Diplomacy, 12(1), 55-70.
  • Al-Rawi, A. (2021). Disinformation under a networked authoritarian state: Saudi trolls’ credibility attacks against Jamal Khashoggi. Open Information Science, 5(1), 140- 162.
  • AP News. (2023, 29 December). Turkish super cup final in riyadh canceled over jersey dispute with Saudi officials. AP News. Retrieved from https://apnews.com/article/turkish-super-cup-saudi-dispute- 2330dca5207e4126139800fceb1c19b8
  • Aras, B. (2005). Turkey and the GCC: An Emerging Relationship. Middle East Policy, 12(4), 89-97.
  • Ayhan, V. (2006). İmparatorluk yolu. Petrol savaşlarının odağında. Ankara: Nobel Yayın.
  • Başaran, E. (2023, 30 December). How Atatürk won over Saudi sportswashing from beyond the grave. Medium. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@ebasaran49/how-atat%C3%BCrk-won-over-saudi- sportswashing-from-beyond-the-grave-dfdf4a8566ca
  • Butler, D. (2023, 30 December). Turkish super cup final in riyadh postponed amid row. Reuters. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/turkey-super-cup- final-set-be-played-saudi-cancelled-amid-row-ntv-2023-12-29/
  • Cengiz, S. (2020). Turkish-Saudi relations: Cooperation and competition in the Middle East. Gerlach Press.
  • Chanda, M. S. and Pathan, A. B. (2024). Sporting diplomacy: Bridging soft law, global governance, and sustainable development in international relations. Migration Letters, 21 (4), 1741–1751. Retrieved from https://migrationletters.com/index.php/ml/article/view/8012
  • Chadwick, S., & Widdop, P. (2022). Saudi Arabia and sport in the 21st century: From oil and gas to event-driven change. D. Reiche and P. M. Brannagan (Ed.), Routledge handbook of sport in the middle east (p. 231-241) in. Routledge.
  • Chen, L., and Wang, Y. (2022). Sport mega-events and geopolitical tensions: Implications for diplomatic relations. International Studies Review, 25(2), 189-207.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2010). Parameters for crisis communication. W. Timothy Coombs and Sherry J. Holladay (Ed.), The handbook of crisis communication, (p. 17-53) in. UK: Blackwell.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2006). The protective powers of crisis response strategies: Managing reputational assets during a crisis. Journal of Promotion Management, 12, 241-260.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2004). Impact of past crises on current crisis communications: Insights from situational crisis communication theory. Journal of Business Communication, 41, 265-289.
  • Coombs, W. T., and Holladay, S. J. (2007). The negative communication dynamic: Exploring the impact of stakeholder affect on behavioral intentions. Journal of Communication Management, 11, 300-312.
  • Coombs, W. T., and Holladay, S. J. (2002). Helping crisis managers protect reputational assets: Initial tests of the situational crisis communication theory. Management Communication Quarterly, 16, 165-186.
  • Cornelissen, S. (2011). The soft power of the world cup. Public Diplomacy Magazine, 2(1), 7-11.
  • Donos, M. (2012). Communicating sport mega-events and the soft power dimensions of public diplomacy. Canada: University of Ottawa.
  • ESPN. (2023, 29 December). Turkish super cup final in Saudi cancelled before kickoff. ESPN. Retrieved from https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/39205022/turkish-super- cup-final- cancelled-kick-report
  • Fearn-Banks, K. (1996). Crisis communication: A casebook approach. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Fink, S. (1986). Crisis management: Planning for the inevitable. New York: AMACOM.
  • Friedman, M. (2002). Everyday crisis management: How to think like an emergency physician. Naperville, IL: First Decision Press
  • Grix, J., and Carmichael, F. (2017). Mega-events and modernity: Olympics and expos in the growth of global culture. USA: Routledge.
  • Hayden, J. (2023, 30 December). Atatürk row scuttles Turkish super cup football final in riyadh. Politico. Retrieved from https://www.politico.eu/article/turkey-super-cup- football-final-saudi-arabia-riyadh-ataturk/
  • Houlihan, B. (1994). Sport and international politics. UK: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  • Konopka, N. (2023). Sports diplomacy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Політичне життя, 112-121.
  • Manzenreiter, W. (2020). The 2020 Tokyo olympic games: The political economy of Tokyo hosting the world. H. Takeda, M. Williams (Ed.), routledge handbook of contemporary Japan (p. 427-440) in. Routledge.
  • Mitroff, I. I., and Anagnos, G. (2001). Managing crises before they happen: What every executive and manager needs to know about crisis management. New York: AMACOM.
  • Nye, J. S. (2004). Soft power: The means to success in world politics. US: Public Affairs.
  • Regester, M. (1989). Crisis management: What to do when the unthinkable happens. London: Hutchinson Business.
  • Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (n. d). Bilateral political relations between Türkiye and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved from https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-saudi-arabia-relations.en.mfa
  • Sarajevo Times. (2023, 30 December). This is how the world saw the unimaginable scandal: “Both nations are ashamed” Sarajevo Times. Retrieved from https://sarajevotimes.com/this-is-how-the-wworld-saw-the-unimaginable- scandal-both-nations-are-ashamed/
  • Seeger, M. W., Sellnow, T. L., and Ulmer, R. R. (1998). Communication, organization and crisis. M. E. Roloff (Ed.), Communication yearbook 21 (p. 231-275) in. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Riyadh Season Official X Page. (29.12.2023). Retrieved from https://x.com/RiyadhSeason/status/1740888125054849111?s=20
  • RTÉ. (2023, 29 December). Turkish Super Cup final in riyadh postponed over Atatürk T -shirt row. RTÉ. Retrieved from https://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/2023/1229/1424089-turkish-super-cup-in-riyadh- postponed-over-t-shirt-row/
  • The Directorate of Communications center for combating disinformation. (2023, 29 December). Retrieved from https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/turkce/haberler/detay/super-kupa- finalinde- istiklal-marsi-ve-turk-bayragina-izin-verilmeyecek-iddiasina-iliskin-aciklama
  • The Guardian. (2023, 29 December). T-shirt row’ causes Saudi Arabia-based Turkish super cup final to be postponed. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://guardian.gpepper.workers.dev/football/2023/dec/29/t-shirt-row-saudi- arabia-based-turkish-super-cup-final-postponed-galatasaray-fenerbahce
  • The National News. (2023, 30 December). Turkish super cup final in riyadh postponed over Ataturk t-shirts. The National News. Retrieved from https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/football/2023/12/30/turkish-super-cup- final-in-riyadh-postponed-over-ataturk-t-shirts/
  • Turkish Football Federation. (2024, 02 January). Retrieved from: https://www.tff.org/Default.aspx?pageId=200&ftxtId=43077
  • Turkish Football Federation. (2023, 29 December). Official Instagram Page. Retrieved from: https://www.instagram.com/p/C1ctbFUrf24/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link&ig sh=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==
  • Zhang, X., and Tang, Y. (2024). Digital diplomacy and domestic audience: How official discourse shapes nationalist sentiments in China. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1-12.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Communication and Media Studies (Other)
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Meltem Ozel 0000-0002-4037-7393

Publication Date December 30, 2024
Submission Date February 26, 2024
Acceptance Date June 5, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 13

Cite

APA Ozel, M. (2024). Between Headlines and Diplomacy: Crisis Communication Analysis of the Fenerbahçe-Galatasaray Super Cup Final Repercussions. Kastamonu İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi(13), 288-307. https://doi.org/10.56676/kiad.1443150