Research Article

The Westernization Approach of Islamist Intellectual Ömer Ferit Kam

Volume: 5 Number: 2 December 15, 2022
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The Westernization Approach of Islamist Intellectual Ömer Ferit Kam

Abstract

The backwardness period of the Ottoman State, which started first with defeats in the military field against European countries, forced the state to a total innovation and modernization effort, including the political, legal, social, educational and technical fields over time. The positivist thought that prevailed in the 19th century in Europe, taken as a model in modernization, influenced the Ottoman intellectuals and reformers. It can be said that the objections and reactions to modernization and extreme westernization following “the Tanzimat” period promoted the intellectuals of 2nd Constitutional Period to review. It is seen that the improving Islamism thought in this period allowed the re-Islamization paradigm and a new modernization approach to be presented. The problem of how, how much and to what extent modernization will take place in the state and society also brought along different modernization approaches. Each of the westernism, Islamism and Turkism movements, which became apparent after the Second Constitutional Monarchy, which was considered as an important milestone in Ottoman modernization, has a unique approach and claim of modernization. The discussions on Islam and westernization are actually centered on the question of “how should we modernize and how much modernization should we allow?” in the Sırât-ı Müstakîm/Sebîlürreşâd journal, which was the media outlet of the Islamist thought of the period. A trip to Europe by Ömer Ferit Kam, who was one of the intellectuals of the transition period from the Ottoman Empire to the Turkish Republic and one of the writers of The Sebîlürreşâd journal, in order to directly observe the Europe and report his impressions to the readers, contributes to the discussions on westernization until today. The author's contact with Europe before this trip was only through the works of Western thought despite his knowledge of Eastern culture. The travel writings of Kam, who published his observations during his trip in 1913 in 8 series of letters in the Sebîlürreşâd journal, present his views on westernization. Development reasons of Europe, which Islamist intellectual Ömer Ferit Kam directly observed during his trip to Europe, how the Ottoman would modernize and his westernization approach within the framework of his views on their relation with the religion were analyzed in the article. Kam known with his much experience in Islamic culture attracts attention on the issues of production, technique, scientific progress, education and hospice. The author, who claims that technical modernization can be achieved by preserving national identity, criticizes the wrong westernization approach, which was frequently flared up with various discussions during the Republican period. However, the author praises the importance given to hospice, education and culture in Europe. Kam emphasizes that the fundamentals of European civilization are based on agriculture, production and education and the cultural institutions of Europe are modeled as of the Tanzimat period and the priority and correct modernization reforms should be in agriculture, production and technical fields. It is possible to see the formulas of Kam, who observed the technical development of the West onsite, in the letters he wrote for the progress of the Ottoman society. First of all, the author, who evaluates the progress of European civilization as a whole, recommends the development of production, primarily agriculture. He expresses the fact that cultural institutions of Western society is taken as an example but not their agricultural and technical development and working disciplines with the analogy of “ a square peg in a round hole”. Kam, who claims that moving away from civilization brings Muslims closer to the abyss of destruction and extinction, says that the only way out is to follow the way of the developed countries. Ferit Kam's modernization approach is framed in the center of regaining the working ethic of the West, such as work, effort, discipline and order, which modern life necessitates. It can be said that Ferit Kam’s modernization thought developed in parallel with the idea of Islamism, to which he is connected, and even he has a more moderate Western perception and approach than the Islamists. The author, who argues the idea that progress in Turkish society can be revived by complying with Islamic foundations, states that the primary duty falls to the state, and a balanced innovation in the technical and cultural fields will ensure the progress. Apart from an approach of absolute rejectionism or radical acceptance, the view of selective, meticulous and rational evaluation and modeling of the West is dominant in Ferit Kam’s philosophy.

Keywords

Ömer Ferit Kam , Turkish Modernization , Islamism , Westernization Approach , Sebilürreşad

References

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APA
Bulut, R. (2022). İslamcı Aydın Ömer Ferit Kam’ın Batılılaşma Anlayışı. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi, 5(2), 443-457. https://doi.org/10.52637/kiid.1150676
AMA
1.Bulut R. İslamcı Aydın Ömer Ferit Kam’ın Batılılaşma Anlayışı. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi. 2022;5(2):443-457. doi:10.52637/kiid.1150676
Chicago
Bulut, Ramazan. 2022. “İslamcı Aydın Ömer Ferit Kam’ın Batılılaşma Anlayışı”. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi 5 (2): 443-57. https://doi.org/10.52637/kiid.1150676.
EndNote
Bulut R (December 1, 2022) İslamcı Aydın Ömer Ferit Kam’ın Batılılaşma Anlayışı. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi 5 2 443–457.
IEEE
[1]R. Bulut, “İslamcı Aydın Ömer Ferit Kam’ın Batılılaşma Anlayışı”, Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 443–457, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.52637/kiid.1150676.
ISNAD
Bulut, Ramazan. “İslamcı Aydın Ömer Ferit Kam’ın Batılılaşma Anlayışı”. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi 5/2 (December 1, 2022): 443-457. https://doi.org/10.52637/kiid.1150676.
JAMA
1.Bulut R. İslamcı Aydın Ömer Ferit Kam’ın Batılılaşma Anlayışı. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi. 2022;5:443–457.
MLA
Bulut, Ramazan. “İslamcı Aydın Ömer Ferit Kam’ın Batılılaşma Anlayışı”. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 2, Dec. 2022, pp. 443-57, doi:10.52637/kiid.1150676.
Vancouver
1.Ramazan Bulut. İslamcı Aydın Ömer Ferit Kam’ın Batılılaşma Anlayışı. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi. 2022 Dec. 1;5(2):443-57. doi:10.52637/kiid.1150676