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İlahiyat Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Dini Düşünce ve Yaşam Biçimlerine İlişkin Zorbalık Mağduriyetleri: Bir Karma Yöntem Çalışması (Selçuk Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Örneği)

Year 2025, , 126 - 143, 15.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.52637/kiid.1614301

Abstract

Zorbalık, genellikle güç dengesizliğine dayalı olarak bir bireyin ya da grubun başka bir birey ya da grubu kasıtlı şekilde hedef alarak, sürekli ve tekrarlayan biçimde fiziksel, duygusal veya psikolojik yönlerden zarar vermesi olarak tanımlanabilir. Zorbalık, bir kişi ya da grubun zayıf ya da savunmasız olan bir diğerine karşı korku, stres, özgüven kaybı gibi olumsuz duygusal sonuçlar yaratacak şekilde, korkutma, dışlama, alay etme, tehdit etme, hakaret etme veya fiziksel saldırılarda bulunma biçiminde kendini göstermektedir. Zorbalık, yalnızca bireyler arasında değil, bazen gruplar veya kurumlar düzeyinde de ortaya çıkabilmekte ve sosyal yapıların, kültürel normların ve güç ilişkilerinin şekillendirdiği dinamikler üzerinden yeniden üretilmektedir. Bu bağlamda zorbalık, ortaya çıktığı yaş ve gelişim düzeyi, tatbik edildiği şekil ve mekana göre farklı biçimlerde tezahür etmektedir. Tezahür ettiği yaş, bağlam ve biçimden bağımsız olarak zorbalık, mağdurları üzerinde olumsuz psikososyal etkiler bırakmaktadır. Literatürde zorbalık üzerine pek çok araştırma bulunmakla birlikte bu çalışmaların daha çok üniversite öncesi öğrenciler örnekleminde yürütüldüğü, üniversite öğrencilerinin uğradıkları zorbalığa ilişkin çalışmaların da oldukça sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Buna ek olarak, üniversite öğrencilerinin dini düşünce ve yaşam tarzları özelinde uğradıkları zorbalık ve mahiyetine yönelik bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Buradan yola çıkılarak bu araştırmada, İlahiyat Fakültesi öğrencilerinin dini düşünce ve yaşam tarzına yönelik zorbalık mağduriyetleri ve bunun sonuçlarının, karma yöntem tasarımı açıklayıcı ardışık desen ile incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel boyutunda Selçuk Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi araştırma evreninden seçilen 390 kişilik örneklem grubuna, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen dini düşünce ve yaşam tarzına yönelik zorbalık mağduriyeti anketi uygulanmış, nicel veriler analiz edildikten sonra açıklanmasına ihtiyaç duyulan hususlar belirlenerek, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler aracılığıyla araştırmanın nitel verileri toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın nitel boyutu, fakülte içerisinde zorbalığa uğradığını belirten 15 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin, yükseköğretim kurumlarında zorbalıkla mücadele stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi ve öğrencilerin psikososyal ihtiyaçlarına yönelik destek mekanizmalarının iyileştirilmesi için yol gösterici olacağı düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Abu-Bader, Soleman H. Using Statistical Methods in Social Science Research: With a Complete SPSS Guide. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Third edition., 2021.
  • Creswell, John. Araştırma Deseni Nitel, Nicel ve Karma Yöntem Yaklaşımları. Trans. Selçuk Beşir Demir. Ankara: Eğiten Kitap, 3. Edition., 2017.
  • Creswell, John. Karma Yöntem Araştırmalarına Giriş. Trans. Mustafa Sözbilir. Ankara: Pegem Akademi, 3. Edition., 2021.
  • Densley, Konstancja et al. “Evaluation of the Social Participation Questionnaire in Adult Patients with Depressive Symptoms Using Rasch Analysis”. Quality of Life Research 22 (2013), 1987-1997.
  • Duy, Baki. “Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Different Types of Bullying and Victimization in Turkey”. Psychology in the Schools 50/10 (2013), 987-1002. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21729
  • Edwards, Sachi. “Distinguishing Between Belief and Culture: A Critical Perspective on Religious Identity”. Journal of College and Character 19/3 (2018), 201-214. https://doi.org/10.1080/2194587X.2018.1481097
  • Esquivel, Francisco Alonso et al. “Emotional Impact of Bullying and Cyber Bullying: Perceptions and Effects on Students”. Revista Caribeña de Ciencias Sociales 12/1 (2023), 367-383. https://doi.org/10.55905/rcssv12n1-022
  • Fitria, Nafsyah Rizka et al. “The Role of Religious Moderation in Overcoming Bullying and Cyberbullying”. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Dan Agama 5/1 (2024), 13-26.
  • Fujikawa, Shinya et al. “Bullying Across Late Childhood and Early Adolescence: A Prospective Cohort of Students Assessed Annually from Grades 3 to 8”. Academic Pediatrics 21/2 (2021), 344-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2020.10.011
  • Giovazolias, Theodoros - Malikiosi-Loizos, Maria. “Bullying at Greek Universities an Empricial Study”. Bullying Among University Students Cross National Perspectives. ed. Helen Cowie - Carrie-Anne Myers. 110-126. New York: Routledge, 2016.
  • Hellström, Lisa et al. “Definitions of Bullying”. The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Bullying. 2-21. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118482650.ch1
  • Kıncal, Remzi. Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, 1. Edition., 2010.
  • Kocaşahan, Nurhayat. Lise ve Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Akran Zorbalığı ve Sanal Zorbalık. Balıkesir: Balıkesir University Institute of Social Sciences, Unpublished Master's Thesis, 2012.
  • Kokkinos, Constantinos M. - Antoniadou, Nafsika. “Cyber-bullying and Cyber-victimization Among Undergraduate Student Teachers Through the Lens of the General Aggression Model”. Computers in Human Behavior 98 (2019), 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.04.007
  • Limber, Susan et al. “Dan Olweus (1931–2020)”. International Journal of Bullying Prevention 5/3 (2023), 179-180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42380-021-00096-5
  • Menesini, Ersilia - Salmivalli, Christina. “Bullying in Schools: The State of Knowledge and Effective Interventions”. Psychology, Health & Medicine 22/1 (2017), 240-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2017.1279740
  • Myers, Carrie Anne - Cowie, Helen. “How Can We Prevent and Reduce Bullying amongst University Students?” The International Journal of Emotional Education 8/1 (2016), 109-119.
  • Newman, Peter A. et al. “‘Pray That God Will Change You’: The Religious Social Ecology of Bias-Based Bullying Targeting Sexual and Gender Minority Youth—A Qualitative Study of Service Providers and Educators”. Journal of Adolescent Research 33/5 (2018), 523-548. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558417712013
  • Nickerson, Amanda B. “Preventing and Intervening with Bullying in Schools: A Framework for Evidence-Based Practice”. School Mental Health 11 (2019), 15-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12310-017-9221-8
  • Özkal, Uğur Ümmiye. Üniversite Öğrencileri Arasında Zorbalık ve Zorbalığın Psikolojik Sorunlarla İlişkisi. Ankara: Ankara University Institute of Educational Sciences, Unpublished Master's Thesis, 2011.
  • Rodríguez, Irma Ramos. “Violence, Bullying and Academic Performance in Higher Education Students”. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8/2 (2021), 194-205. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.82.9721
  • Rose, Chad A. et al. “Peer Reactions to Early Childhood Aggression in a Preschool Setting: Defenders, Encouragers, or Neutral Bystander”. Developmental Neurorehabilitation 19/4 (2016), 246-254. https://doi.org/10.3109/17518423.2014.979955
  • Rowatt, Wade C - Al-Kire, Rosemary L. “Dimensions of Religiousness and Their Connection to Racial, Ethnic, and Atheist Prejudices”. Current Opinion in Psychology 40 (2021), 86-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.08.022
  • Shaheen, Musbah et al. “Religious Coercion on Public University Campuses: Looking Beyond the Street Preacher”. Journal of College Student Development 63/1 (2022), 69-84.
  • Sinkkonen, Hanna-Maija et al. “Bullying at a University: Students’ Experiences of Bullying”. Studies in Higher Education 39/1 (2014), 153-165. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2011.649726
  • Smith, Peter K. “Bullying: Definition, Types, Causes, Consequences and Intervention”. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 10/9 (2016), 519-532. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12266
  • Walker, Carol M. et al. “An Exploratory Study of Cyberbullying with Undergraduate University Students”. TechTrends 55/2 (2011), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-011-0481-0
  • Wang, Jing et al. “School Bullying Among Adolescents in the United States: Physical, Verbal, Relational, and Cyber”. Journal of Adolescent Health 45/4 (2009), 368-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.021
  • Watts, Lynette K. et al. “Cyberbullying in Higher Education: A Literature Review”. Computers in Human Behavior 69 (2017), 268-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.038
  • Willis, Matthew Adam. The Relationship Between Religiousness and Bullying Among Parochial High School Students in the Southeast. Lynchburg, VA: Liberty University, Doctoral Thesis, 2015.
  • Yusup, Andreian et al. “Identity Politics & Power Relations Against Sexual Violence in Religious Higher Education Environment”. Jurnal Paedagogy 10/3 (2023), 831-838. https://doi.org/10.33394/jp.v10i3.7715

Bullying Victimization of Faculty of Theology Students Regarding Their Religious Thought and Lifestyles: A Mixed Method Study (The Case of Selçuk University Faculty of Theology)

Year 2025, , 126 - 143, 15.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.52637/kiid.1614301

Abstract

Bullying can be defined as the intentional targeting of an individual or group by another individual or group, usually based on a power imbalance, causing physical, emotional or psychological harm in a continuous and repeated manner. Bullying can occur not only among individuals, but sometimes in groups or institutions, and is reproduced through dynamics shaped by social structures, cultural norms and power relations. In this context, bullying manifests itself in different forms depending on the age and developmental level at which it occurs, and the form and place where it is practiced. Although there are many studies on bullying in the literature, it is seen that these studies are mostly conducted on pre-university students, and that studies on bullying experienced by university students are quite limited. In addition, there is no study on the nature of bullying that university students are subjected to in terms of their religious thoughts and lifestyles. Therefore, this study aims to examine the bullying victimization of Faculty of Theology students regarding their religious thoughts and lifestyles and its consequences using explanatory sequential design, a mixed method design. In the quantitative dimension of the study, the questionnaire on bullying victimization regarding religious thoughts and lifestyles developed by the researchers was applied to a sample group of 390 people selected from the research population of Selcuk University Faculty of Theology. After the quantitative data were analyzed, the issues that needed to be explained were determined and the qualitative data of the study were collected through semi-structured interviews. The qualitative dimension of the study consisted of 15 students who stated that they were bullied in the faculty. It is thought that the data obtained from the research will serve as a guide to develop strategies to combat bullying in higher education institutions and to improve support mechanisms for the psychosocial needs of students.

References

  • Abu-Bader, Soleman H. Using Statistical Methods in Social Science Research: With a Complete SPSS Guide. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Third edition., 2021.
  • Creswell, John. Araştırma Deseni Nitel, Nicel ve Karma Yöntem Yaklaşımları. Trans. Selçuk Beşir Demir. Ankara: Eğiten Kitap, 3. Edition., 2017.
  • Creswell, John. Karma Yöntem Araştırmalarına Giriş. Trans. Mustafa Sözbilir. Ankara: Pegem Akademi, 3. Edition., 2021.
  • Densley, Konstancja et al. “Evaluation of the Social Participation Questionnaire in Adult Patients with Depressive Symptoms Using Rasch Analysis”. Quality of Life Research 22 (2013), 1987-1997.
  • Duy, Baki. “Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Different Types of Bullying and Victimization in Turkey”. Psychology in the Schools 50/10 (2013), 987-1002. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21729
  • Edwards, Sachi. “Distinguishing Between Belief and Culture: A Critical Perspective on Religious Identity”. Journal of College and Character 19/3 (2018), 201-214. https://doi.org/10.1080/2194587X.2018.1481097
  • Esquivel, Francisco Alonso et al. “Emotional Impact of Bullying and Cyber Bullying: Perceptions and Effects on Students”. Revista Caribeña de Ciencias Sociales 12/1 (2023), 367-383. https://doi.org/10.55905/rcssv12n1-022
  • Fitria, Nafsyah Rizka et al. “The Role of Religious Moderation in Overcoming Bullying and Cyberbullying”. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Dan Agama 5/1 (2024), 13-26.
  • Fujikawa, Shinya et al. “Bullying Across Late Childhood and Early Adolescence: A Prospective Cohort of Students Assessed Annually from Grades 3 to 8”. Academic Pediatrics 21/2 (2021), 344-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2020.10.011
  • Giovazolias, Theodoros - Malikiosi-Loizos, Maria. “Bullying at Greek Universities an Empricial Study”. Bullying Among University Students Cross National Perspectives. ed. Helen Cowie - Carrie-Anne Myers. 110-126. New York: Routledge, 2016.
  • Hellström, Lisa et al. “Definitions of Bullying”. The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Bullying. 2-21. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118482650.ch1
  • Kıncal, Remzi. Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, 1. Edition., 2010.
  • Kocaşahan, Nurhayat. Lise ve Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Akran Zorbalığı ve Sanal Zorbalık. Balıkesir: Balıkesir University Institute of Social Sciences, Unpublished Master's Thesis, 2012.
  • Kokkinos, Constantinos M. - Antoniadou, Nafsika. “Cyber-bullying and Cyber-victimization Among Undergraduate Student Teachers Through the Lens of the General Aggression Model”. Computers in Human Behavior 98 (2019), 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.04.007
  • Limber, Susan et al. “Dan Olweus (1931–2020)”. International Journal of Bullying Prevention 5/3 (2023), 179-180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42380-021-00096-5
  • Menesini, Ersilia - Salmivalli, Christina. “Bullying in Schools: The State of Knowledge and Effective Interventions”. Psychology, Health & Medicine 22/1 (2017), 240-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2017.1279740
  • Myers, Carrie Anne - Cowie, Helen. “How Can We Prevent and Reduce Bullying amongst University Students?” The International Journal of Emotional Education 8/1 (2016), 109-119.
  • Newman, Peter A. et al. “‘Pray That God Will Change You’: The Religious Social Ecology of Bias-Based Bullying Targeting Sexual and Gender Minority Youth—A Qualitative Study of Service Providers and Educators”. Journal of Adolescent Research 33/5 (2018), 523-548. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558417712013
  • Nickerson, Amanda B. “Preventing and Intervening with Bullying in Schools: A Framework for Evidence-Based Practice”. School Mental Health 11 (2019), 15-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12310-017-9221-8
  • Özkal, Uğur Ümmiye. Üniversite Öğrencileri Arasında Zorbalık ve Zorbalığın Psikolojik Sorunlarla İlişkisi. Ankara: Ankara University Institute of Educational Sciences, Unpublished Master's Thesis, 2011.
  • Rodríguez, Irma Ramos. “Violence, Bullying and Academic Performance in Higher Education Students”. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8/2 (2021), 194-205. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.82.9721
  • Rose, Chad A. et al. “Peer Reactions to Early Childhood Aggression in a Preschool Setting: Defenders, Encouragers, or Neutral Bystander”. Developmental Neurorehabilitation 19/4 (2016), 246-254. https://doi.org/10.3109/17518423.2014.979955
  • Rowatt, Wade C - Al-Kire, Rosemary L. “Dimensions of Religiousness and Their Connection to Racial, Ethnic, and Atheist Prejudices”. Current Opinion in Psychology 40 (2021), 86-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.08.022
  • Shaheen, Musbah et al. “Religious Coercion on Public University Campuses: Looking Beyond the Street Preacher”. Journal of College Student Development 63/1 (2022), 69-84.
  • Sinkkonen, Hanna-Maija et al. “Bullying at a University: Students’ Experiences of Bullying”. Studies in Higher Education 39/1 (2014), 153-165. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2011.649726
  • Smith, Peter K. “Bullying: Definition, Types, Causes, Consequences and Intervention”. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 10/9 (2016), 519-532. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12266
  • Walker, Carol M. et al. “An Exploratory Study of Cyberbullying with Undergraduate University Students”. TechTrends 55/2 (2011), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-011-0481-0
  • Wang, Jing et al. “School Bullying Among Adolescents in the United States: Physical, Verbal, Relational, and Cyber”. Journal of Adolescent Health 45/4 (2009), 368-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.021
  • Watts, Lynette K. et al. “Cyberbullying in Higher Education: A Literature Review”. Computers in Human Behavior 69 (2017), 268-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.038
  • Willis, Matthew Adam. The Relationship Between Religiousness and Bullying Among Parochial High School Students in the Southeast. Lynchburg, VA: Liberty University, Doctoral Thesis, 2015.
  • Yusup, Andreian et al. “Identity Politics & Power Relations Against Sexual Violence in Religious Higher Education Environment”. Jurnal Paedagogy 10/3 (2023), 831-838. https://doi.org/10.33394/jp.v10i3.7715
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Religious Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Sümeyra Bilecik Karacan 0000-0001-8351-6923

Rüveyda Çınar 0000-0002-4026-2342

Early Pub Date June 12, 2025
Publication Date June 15, 2025
Submission Date January 6, 2025
Acceptance Date May 5, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025

Cite

APA Bilecik Karacan, S., & Çınar, R. (2025). Bullying Victimization of Faculty of Theology Students Regarding Their Religious Thought and Lifestyles: A Mixed Method Study (The Case of Selçuk University Faculty of Theology). Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi, 8(1), 126-143. https://doi.org/10.52637/kiid.1614301
AMA Bilecik Karacan S, Çınar R. Bullying Victimization of Faculty of Theology Students Regarding Their Religious Thought and Lifestyles: A Mixed Method Study (The Case of Selçuk University Faculty of Theology). Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi. June 2025;8(1):126-143. doi:10.52637/kiid.1614301
Chicago Bilecik Karacan, Sümeyra, and Rüveyda Çınar. “Bullying Victimization of Faculty of Theology Students Regarding Their Religious Thought and Lifestyles: A Mixed Method Study (The Case of Selçuk University Faculty of Theology)”. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi 8, no. 1 (June 2025): 126-43. https://doi.org/10.52637/kiid.1614301.
EndNote Bilecik Karacan S, Çınar R (June 1, 2025) Bullying Victimization of Faculty of Theology Students Regarding Their Religious Thought and Lifestyles: A Mixed Method Study (The Case of Selçuk University Faculty of Theology). Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi 8 1 126–143.
IEEE S. Bilecik Karacan and R. Çınar, “Bullying Victimization of Faculty of Theology Students Regarding Their Religious Thought and Lifestyles: A Mixed Method Study (The Case of Selçuk University Faculty of Theology)”, Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 126–143, 2025, doi: 10.52637/kiid.1614301.
ISNAD Bilecik Karacan, Sümeyra - Çınar, Rüveyda. “Bullying Victimization of Faculty of Theology Students Regarding Their Religious Thought and Lifestyles: A Mixed Method Study (The Case of Selçuk University Faculty of Theology)”. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi 8/1 (June 2025), 126-143. https://doi.org/10.52637/kiid.1614301.
JAMA Bilecik Karacan S, Çınar R. Bullying Victimization of Faculty of Theology Students Regarding Their Religious Thought and Lifestyles: A Mixed Method Study (The Case of Selçuk University Faculty of Theology). Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi. 2025;8:126–143.
MLA Bilecik Karacan, Sümeyra and Rüveyda Çınar. “Bullying Victimization of Faculty of Theology Students Regarding Their Religious Thought and Lifestyles: A Mixed Method Study (The Case of Selçuk University Faculty of Theology)”. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 1, 2025, pp. 126-43, doi:10.52637/kiid.1614301.
Vancouver Bilecik Karacan S, Çınar R. Bullying Victimization of Faculty of Theology Students Regarding Their Religious Thought and Lifestyles: A Mixed Method Study (The Case of Selçuk University Faculty of Theology). Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi. 2025;8(1):126-43.