CUMHURİYET ARŞİVİ BELGELERİNE GÖRE ATATÜRK DÖNEMİ TÜRKİYE-ON İKİ ADA İLİŞKİLERİ

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 18, 103 - 120, 26.12.2019

Mehmet Temel

https://doi.org/10.31834/kilissbd.588322

Abstract

The Dodecanese islands located two kilometres away
from Turkey in the southeast of Aegean Sea was temporarily ceded to Italy with the
Ouchy Treaty signed on 18 October 1912 and then permanently with the Lausanne
Treaty. As Italy could not fulfil its desires about East Mediterranean in the
Paris Peace Conference and as the Dodecanese Islands were located within the
Greek’s Great Design borders, it started to establish military installations to
turn the islands of Rhodes, Leros, Astypalaia and Kos into military bases and
arm them.

This policy of Italy and the need for the protection
of the interests of Turkish population made it necessary for Turkey to maintain
its interest in and relationships with the islands within the context of
international laws. In this context, a commission was established by the two
countries to investigate the waters between the Kastellorizo Island and Anatolian
costs and help of the Italian government was sought to take measures against
guerrillas and smugglers looting Anatolian coasts. A contract was signed
between the General Directorate of Postal and Telegraph and the Governorate of
Rhodes in Italy for the operation of telegraph cables.

In the context of the protection of the rights and
interests of the Dodecanese Turks, it was decided to take the case to the Hague
International Court of Justice when the Italian Government did not agree on the
ownership of the property and some initiatives were taken by the Turkish
government for the Italian government to solve the educational problems faced
by Turkish children in Rhodes. Due to the earthquake striking the islands of
Kos, Kalymnos and Leros on 23 April 1933, some aid in kind and financial aid
were sent by Turkey and the Defterdar Mosque destroyed in the earthquake in the
Kos island was repaired. Some measures were taken to prevent the Turkish
population from selling their properties cheaply and migrating to Turkey.

In the current article, the policies followed by the
Republic of Turkey under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk to monitor and
protect the rights and interests of the Turkish population and Turkish Republic
in the Italian islands in line with the international laws and treaties are
discussed. 

Keywords

On İki Ada, Ouchy Antlaşması, Atatürk, Lozan Antlaşması, Deprem, Kaçakçılık

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