Investigation of Factors Related to Critical Lures Affecting False Memories within the Framework of Activation-Monitoring Theory and Fuzzy Trace Theory

Yıl 2023, , 25 - 33, 31.12.2023

Emre Erol , Çekdar Aytimur

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10449610

Öz

Memory, which plays many important roles in daily life, has been the focus of attention of researchers in different disciplines throughout the history. One of these disciplines is cognitive psychology. Studies in this field have shown that memory is not a recording device that records any stimulus we encounter as it is and that it can exhibit errors. This situation, which is called false memory in the literature, is defined as remembering a memory that has never happened as if it has happened or remembering a memory that has actually happened in a different way. Considering the legal processes that lead to irreversible consequences when false memories occur, this issue attracts the attention of researchers. False memories are examined by different methods and one of the most frequently used methods is the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm. In the studies using the DRM paradigm, some factors related to critical lures in DRM lists were found to be effective on false memories. These factors are: Word frequency, word length, concreteness, imagery, emotional valence, arousal and backward association strength. The aim of the present study is to examine the results obtained in the literature regarding these factors within the framework of Fuzzy Trace Theory and Activation-Monitoring Theory. As a result of the current review, it is understood that there are contradictory findings in the studies in the literature and the most important situation in the emergence of these contradictions is that the factors are not adequately controlled. In addition, it is thought that the lack of adequate control of these factors makes it difficult to make explanations in the context of the theories.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Memory, False Memory, Critical Lures

Bellek Yanılmalarını Etkileyen Kritik Çeldiricilere İlişkin Faktörlerin Aktivasyon-İzleme Teorisi ve Bulanık İz Teorisi Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi

Öz

Günlük yaşamda pek çok önemli rol üstlenen bellek, tarih boyunca farklı disiplinlerdeki araştırmacıların ilgi odağı olmuştur. Bu disiplinlerden birisi de bilişsel psikolojidir. Bu alanda yapılan çalışmalar, belleğin karşılaştığımız herhangi bir uyaranı olduğu gibi kaydeden bir kayıt cihazı olmadığını ve yanılmalar sergileyebileceğini göstermiştir. Alanyazında bellek yanılması olarak isimlendirilen bu durum hiç yaşanmamış bir anının yaşanmış gibi ya da gerçekten yaşanmış bir anının olduğundan farklı şekilde hatırlanması olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bellek yanılmalarının ortaya çıkınca geri dönüşü olmayan sonuçlara yol açtığı hukuki süreçler dikkate alındığında bu konu araştırmacıların özellikle dikkatini çekmektedir. Bellek yanılmaları farklı yöntemlerle incelenmekte olup en sık başvurulan yöntemlerden biri Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigmasıdır. DRM paradigmasının kullanıldığı çalışmalarda DRM listelerinde bulunan kritik çeldiricilere ait bazı faktörlerin bellek yanılmaları üzerinde etkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu faktörler şunlardır: Kelime sıklığı, kelime uzunluğu, somutluk, imgelem, duygusal değerlik, uyarılma ve geriye dönük çağrışım gücü. Mevcut çalışmanın amacı, alanyazındaki araştırmalarda bu faktörlere ilişkin elde edilen sonuçları Bulanık İz Teorisi ve Aktivasyon-İzleme Teorisi çerçevesinde incelemektir. Mevcut derleme sonucunda, alanyazındaki çalışmalarda çelişkili bulguların olduğu ve bu çelişkilerin ortaya çıkmasındaki en önemli durumun, faktörlerin yeterli düzeyde kontrol edilmemesinden kaynaklandığı anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca bu faktörlerin yeterli düzeyde kontrol edilmemesinin, teoriler bağlamında açıklamalar yapılabilmesini güçleştirdiği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bellek, Bellek Yanılması, Kritik Çeldiriciler

Kaynakça

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