İZMİR'DE BİR BANLİYÖ KONUTU İÇİN YENİLEME VE İYİLEŞTİRME STRATEJİLERİ: URLA BAĞIMSIZ KONUTLARININ SİMÜLASYON TABANLI BİR VAKA ÇALIŞMASI

Year 2024, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 199 - 219, 31.12.2024

Kamal Eldin Mohamed

Abstract

Avrupa Birliği, 2030 yılına kadar karbon emisyonlarını %55 oranında azaltmayı hedeflemekte ve bu nedenle kapsamlı bina yenilemelerini teşvik etmek amacıyla “Renovation Wave” girişimini başlatmaktadır. Binaların yenilenmesi ve iyileştirilmesi, CO₂ emisyonlarını ve enerji tüketimini azaltmakta kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Türkiye'de, bina sektörü toplam enerji tüketiminin %36’sını ve enerjiyle ilişkili CO₂ emisyonlarının %32’sini oluşturmaktadır. Bu tüketimin %75’i ise konutlardan kaynaklanmaktadır. Özellikle şehir merkezi dışındaki banliyö alanları, önemli enerji tasarrufu potansiyeline sahiptir ve ulusal enerji standartlarına uyum için acil yenilemeler ve iyileştirmeler yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma; doğal gaz hatlarına bağlı olmayan konutlarda, sera gazı emisyonlarını, enerji tüketimini ve işletme maliyetlerini azaltmaya yönelik stratejileri ele almaktadır. İnşa edilmiş bir banliyö konutunun mevcut durum simülasyon modeli oluşturulmuş ve Design Builder yazılımı kullanılarak doğrulanmıştır. Ardından, beş farklı yenileme ve iyileştirme stratejisi sırasıyla uygulanmıştır. Bunlar; bina zarfı malzemeleri, pencere camlama, merdiven boşluğuna dayalı doğal havalandırma, gölgelendirme elemanları ve camlı bir oda eklenmesidir. Her adımın ardından simülasyonlar gerçekleştirilmiş ve CO₂ emisyonları ile yakıt tüketimi açısından analiz edilmiştir. Yenileme ve iyileştirme önlemleri sonucunda CO₂ emisyonlarında önemli bir azalma gözlemlenmiştir. CO₂ emisyonu toplamda 45.681 kg'dan 11.827 kg'a düşürülerek %74 oranında bir azalma sağlanmıştır. Ayrıca, yıllık yakıt tüketimi de 66.688 kWh'den 17.266 kWh'e düşerek %74 oranında azalmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, uygulanan stratejilerin etkinliğini açıkça ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

Konut yenilemesi ve iyileştirilmesi, Enerji tasarrufu, Simülasyon değerlendirmesi, Sıfır karbon, Bina dış kabuğu

RETROFITTING STRATEGIES FOR A SUBURBAN DWELLING IN IZMIR: A SIMULATION-BASED CASE STUDY OF URLA INDEPENDENT HOUSING

Abstract

The European Union aims to reduce carbon emissions by 55% by 2030 and has therefore launched the ‘Renovation Wave’ initiative to promote comprehensive building renovations. Renovation and retrofitting of buildings are critical in reducing CO₂ emissions and energy consumption. In Turkey, the building sector accounts for 36% of total energy consumption and 32% of energy-related CO₂ emissions. 75% of this consumption comes from residential buildings. Suburban areas, especially outside the city centre, have significant energy saving potential and urgent renovations and retrofits are required to comply with national energy standards. This study addresses strategies to reduce GHG emissions, energy consumption and operating costs in residential buildings not connected to natural gas lines. A baseline simulation model of a built suburban dwelling is created and validated using Design Builder software. Then, five different renovations and retrofit strategies were implemented respectively. These are building envelope materials, window glazing, stairwell-based natural ventilation, shading elements and the addition of a glazed room. After each step, simulations were carried out and analysed in terms of CO₂ emissions and fuel consumption. As a result of the renovation and improvement measures, a significant reduction in CO₂ emissions was observed. CO₂ emissions were reduced from 45,681 kg to 11,827 kg in total, resulting in a 74% reduction. In addition, annual fuel consumption decreased from 66,688 kWh to 17,266 kWh, a 74% reduction. The results obtained clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the implemented strategies.

Keywords

Housing retrofitting and improvement, Energy saving, Simulation assessment, Zero carbon, Building envelope

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