DO EXPECTED BEHAVIORS FROM GENDER AFFECT REACTIONS TO CHRONIC PAIN?

Abstract

Pain is an important health problem that has existed as long as human history and has struggled to cope with throughout history. Pain is an important issue that impairs the functionality of individuals as well as the economic damage. It is a known fact that there are gender differences in chronic pain. Men more tolerant of pain than women. Women have lower pain thresholds. The reason for the differences in pain tolerance between men and women can be explained by traditional approaches, and depending on the individual's compliance with social norms according to gender. Individuals with a high level of identification with their gender have different responses to pain. Gender differences are often associated with differences in the hormonal regulation of brain activity. Biological factors in pain in men and women are complex, multifaceted, and psychological and social factors should be taken into consideration. The perception of pain and the meaning of pain vary across cultures. Culture can influence demand for medication or treatment to help relieve pain. Culture-specific attitudes and beliefs about the source, role, and meaning of pain influence both how individuals perceive and respond to their own pain and how they perceive and respond to the pain of others. Although many studies in the world have investigated the gender role expectations of pain behaviors in different cultures, there is no study on this subject in our country. In this review article, the role of gender and the effect of culture on pain in general were examined.

Keywords

• Pain
• Chronic Pain
• Gender Identity
• Culture

CİNSİYETTEN BEKLENEN DAVRANIŞLAR KRONİK AĞRIYA VERİLEN TEPKİLERİ ETKİLER Mİ?

Abstract

Ağrı, insanlık tarihi kadar eskiden beri varolan baş etmek için insanların tarih boyunca uğraş verdiği önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Ağrının ekonomik zararı olduğu kadar, bireylerin işlevselliğini de bozan önemli bir konudur. Kronik ağrıda cinsiyet farklılıklarının olduğu bilinen bir gerçektir. Erkekler kadınlara göre ağrıya daha fazla tahammül etmektedir. Kadınların ağrı eşikleri daha düşüktür. Ağrı toleransındaki kadın erkek arasındaki farklılıkların nedeni geleneksel yaklaşımlar, cinsiyete göre bireylerin toplumsal normlara uymasına bağlı olarak açıklanabilir. Toplumsal cinsiyetiyle yüksek düzeyde özdeşleşmiş bireylerin ağrıya verdikleri tepkiler farklıdır. Cinsiyet farklılıkları genellikle beyin aktivitesinin hormonal düzenlenmesindeki farklılıklarla ilişkilidir. Kadın ve erkeklerdeki ağrıda biyolojik etkenlerin karmaşık olduğu, çok yönlü olduğu, psikolojik ve sosyal etkenlerin göz önünde bulundurulması gerekmektedir. Ağrı algısı ile ağrının anlamı kültürlere göre değişir. Kültür, ağrının hafifletilmesine yardımcı olacak ilaç veya tedavi ile ilgili talebi etkileyebilir. Ağrının kaynağı, rolü ve anlamı ile ilgili kültüre özgü tutum ve inançlar, hem bireylerin kendi ağrılarını ve bunlara tepki verme biçimini hem de başkalarının ağrısını algılama ve bunlara nasıl tepki vereceğini etkiler. Dünyada birçok çalışma, farklı kültürlerdeki ağrı davranışlarının cinsiyet rolü beklentilerini araştırmış olsa da ülkemizde bu konuda yapılan çalışma yoktur. Bu derleme yazısında genel olarak ağrıda toplumsal cinsiyet rolü ve kültürün etkisi incelenmiştir.

Keywords

• Ağrı
• Kronik Ağrı
• Cinsiyet Kimliği
• Kültür

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