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OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU TANISI OLAN ÇOCUKLARDA YEME DAVRANIŞI, OBEZİTE DURUMU VE AİLELERİN BESLENME KONUSUNDA YAŞADIKLARI SORUNLAR

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 50 - 55, 31.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.52831/kjhs.1057471

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) tanılı çocukların yeme davranışlarının tespiti, yaşa göre vücut ağırlıklarının değerlendirilmesi ve ailelerin çocuğun beslenmesi konusunda yaşadıkları sorunların belirlenmesi amaçlandı.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı nicel desenli bu araştırmanın örneklemini özel bir psikiyatri-psikoterapi merkezinden hizmet alan, OSB tanılı çocuğu olan 80 farklı ebeveyn oluşturdu. Gönüllülük ilkesi ile yürütülen bu çalışmada örneklem belirlemesi yapılmamış olup, çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden tüm aileler çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Veriler, Nisan-Mayıs 2021 tarihleri arasında araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen anket formu ile toplandı. Araştırma öncesi gerekli tüm izinler alındı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatiksel yöntemlerin yanı sıra Sperman korelasyon katsayısı ve Fisher’s Exact testleri kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan çocukların en küçüğü 3, en büyüğü ise 13 yaşındaydı. OSB tanı konma yaş ortalaması 3.28±1.10 yıl olarak bulundu. Çocukların %55.70’inin yeni besin tatma korkusu bulunmakta iken, %55.70’inin yeni tatlara açık olmadığı tespit edildi. Besin seçiciliği olan çocukların oranı %54.43 ve içecek seçiciliği olan çocukların oranı %32.91’di. Beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) değerlerinin yaşa göre persentil karşılıkları değerlendirildiğinde; çocuklardan %42.5’inin >95.persentil (obez), %17.5’inin >85.persentil (fazla kilolu/şişman), %10’unun 50.persentil (normal kilolu) ve 23.8’inin <50.persentil (normal kilonun altında) olduğu bulundu. Yeni tatlara açık olma durumu ile besin reddi arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde; yeni tatlara açık olanların %72.7’si, yeni tatlara açık olmayanların ise %84.5’inde besin reddi bulunmaktaydı. Besin seçiciliği olan çocukların oranı %54.43 ve içecek seçiciliği olan çocukların oranı %32.91’di. Yeni tatlara açık olma durumu ile besin seçiciliği durumu arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde yeni tatlara açık olanların %40.9’unda, yeni tatlara açık olmayanların ise %75.9’unda besin seçiciliği durumu bulunmaktaydı. Yeni tatlara açık olma durumu ile besin seçiciliği durumu arasında anlamlı düzeyde ilişki olduğu belirlendi (p<0.05). Aile bireylerinden annenin eğitim düzeyi ile çocuğun obezite derecesi arasında ters yönlü orta derecede anlamlı ilişki olduğu (r= -0.53 p=0.042), babanın eğitim düzeyi ile çocuğun obezite derecesi arasında ise çok düşük korelasyon ile anlamlı ilişki olmadığı (r=0.02 p=0.863) saptandı.
Sonuç: Otizmli çocukların ebeveynleri, beslenme sorununun yetersiz beslenmeye yol açabileceğinden endişe duymakta ve bu nedenle beslenme konusundaki girişimlerinin etkinliğini yoğunlaştırmaya çalışmaktadırlar. Otizmli çocukların beslenme biçimleri ve sonuçlarının henüz tam olarak anlaşılamaması ve aydınlatılamamış olması nedeniyle, bu çocukların yeme alışkanlıklarını şekillendirme sürecini, yeme davranışlarını, uygulanan diyetin günlük yeme alışkanlıkları ve besin seçiciliğinin oluşumu üzerindeki etkilerini de içerecek ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

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References

  • Rice CE, Carpenter LA, Morrier MJ, et al. Defining in detail and evaluating reliability of DSM-5 criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children. J Autism Dev Disord. 2022.
  • Morales Hidalgo P, Voltas Moreso N, Canals Sans J. Autism spectrum disorder prevalence and associated sociodemographic factors in the school population: EPINED study. Autism. 2021;25(7):1999-2011.
  • Kellerman RD, Rakel D. Conn's Current Therapy. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020.
  • Önol S, Kirzioğlu Z. Evaluation of oral health status and influential factors in children with autism. Niger J Clin Pract. 2018;21(4):429-435.
  • Cherif L, Boudabous J, Khemekhem K, et al. Feeding Problems in Children with autism spectrum disorders. J Fam Med. 2018;1(1):30-39.
  • Buie T, Campbell DB, Fuchs GJ, et al. Evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in individuals with ASDs: a consensus report. Pediatrics. 2010;12(1):1-18.
  • Liu X, Liu J, Xiong X, et al. Correlation between nutrition and symptoms: nutritional survey of children with autism spectrum disorder in Chongqing, China. Nutrients. 2016;8(294):1-15.
  • Kars S, Abaoğlu H, Huri M. Otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan çocuklarda beslenme aktivitesinin incelenmesi. Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal. 2019;6(3):232-242.
  • Alkhalidy H, Abushaikha A, Alnaser K, Obeidat MD, Al-Shami I. Nutritional status of pre-school children and determinant factors of autism: A case-control study. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2021;8:627011.
  • Manikam R. Current literature: Pediatric feeding disorders. Nutr Clin Pract. 2000;15(6):312-314.
  • Zheng Z, Zhang L, Li S, et al. Association among obesity, overweight and autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):11697.
  • Liu T, Kelly J, Davis L, Zamora K. Nutrition, BMI and motor competence in children with autism spectrum disorder. Medicina. 2019;55(5):135.
  • Dhaliwal KK, Orsso CE, Richard C, Haqq AM, Zwaigenbaum L. Risk factors for unhealthy weight gain and obesity among children with autism spectrum disorder. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(13):3285.
  • Doreswamy S, Bashir A, Guarecuco JE, et al. Effects of diet, nutrition, and exercise in children with autism and autism spectrum disorder: A literature review. Cureus. 2020;12:12222.
  • Bülbül SF, Ata AE, Gökçen NK, Gülbahçe A. Otizm spektrum bozukluğunda beslenme. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2021;64:33-41.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.), American Psychiatric Publishing, Arlington, VA;2013.
  • Bicer AH, Alsaffar AA. Dietary intake of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and normal to high body mass index (BMI). Integr Food Nutr Metab. 2015;2(4):231-238.
  • Lord C, Elsabbagh M, Baird G, Veenstra-Vanderweele J. Autism spectrum disorder. Lancet. 2018;392(10146):508-520.
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) olan bireylere yönelik sağlıklı beslenme önerileri rehberi. Ankara Yayın No:1128;2019.
  • Wallace GL, Richard E, Wolff A, Nadeau M, Zucker N. Increased emotional eating behaviors in children with autism: Sex differences and links with dietary variety. Autism. 2021;25(3):603-612.
  • Must A, Phillips S, Bandini L. Longitudinal fruit and vegetable consumption, fiber, and glycemic load as predictors of fatness and relative weight change over adolescence in girls. Obes Res. 2005;13:A152-A153.
  • Uçar K, Samur G. Otizmin tedavisinde güncel beslenme tedavisi yaklaşımları. Beslenme ve Diyet Derg. 2017;45(1):53-60.
  • Kazek B, Brzóska A, Paprocka J, et al. Eating behaviors of children with autism-pilot study, Part II. Nutrients. 2021;13(11):3850.
  • Healy S, Aigner CJ, Haegele JA. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US youth with autism spectrum disorder. Autism. 2019;23(4):1046-1050.
  • Helsel BC, Foster RNS, Sherman J. et al. The family nutrition and physical activity survey: comparisons with obesity and physical activity in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord; 2022.
  • Granich J, Lin A, Hunt A, Wray J, Dass A, Whitehouse AJ. Obesity and associated factors in youth with an autism spectrum disorder. Autism. 2016;20(8):916-926.
  • Kordi R, Ziaee V, Mirfazeli F, Sotoodeh MS. Weight status in Iranian children with autism spectrum disorders: Investigation of underweight, overweight and obesity. RASD. 2012;6(1):234-239.

OBESITY STATUS, EATING BEHAVIOR IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER AND THE NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS EXPERIENCED BY FAMILIES

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 50 - 55, 31.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.52831/kjhs.1057471

Abstract

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to determine the eating behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), to evaluate their body weights according to age, and determine the problems experienced by the families regarding the nutrition of their children.
Method: The sample of this descriptive and study consisted of 80 different 3parents with a child diagnosed with ASD who received service from a private psychiatry-psychotherapy center. In this study, which was carried out with the principle of voluntariness, no sampling was made, and all families who agreed to participate in the study were included in the study. The data were collected with a questionnaire developed by the researchers between April and May 2021. All necessary permissions were obtained before the research. In the evaluation of the data, Sperman correlation coefficient and Fisher's Exact tests were used as well as descriptive statistical methods.
Results: The youngest of the children participating in the study was 3 years old, and the oldest was 13 years old. The mean age at diagnosis of ASD was found to be 3.28±1.10 years. While 55.70% of the children had a fear of tasting new foods (neophobia), it was determined that 55.70% were not open to new tastes. The rate of children with food selectivity was 54.43% and the rate of children with beverage selectivity was 32.91%. When the percentile value of the body mass index (BMI) according to age is examined, 42.5% of the children are >95th percentile (obese), 17.5% are >85th percentile (overweight/obese), and 10% are 50th percentile (normal weight) and 23.8 were found to be <50th percentile (under normal weight). When the relationship between being open to new tastes and food rejection was examined, 72.7% of those who were open to new tastes and 84.5% of those who were not open to new tastes had food rejection. The rate of children with food selectivity was 54.43% and the rate of children with beverage selectivity was 32.91%. When the relationship between openness to new tastes and food selectivity was examined, 40.9% of those who were open to new tastes and 75.9% of those who were not open to new tastes had food selectivity. It was determined that there was a significant relationship between being open to new tastes and food selectivity (p<0.05). It was found that there was a moderately significant inverse relationship between the education level of the mother and the degree of obesity of the child (r= -0.53 p=0.042), and there was no significant correlation between the education level of the father and the degree of obesity of the child (r=0.02 p=0.863).
Conclusion: Parents of children with autism are concerned that the nutritional problem may lead to malnutrition, and therefore they try to intensify the effectiveness of their nutrition initiatives. Since the diets of children with autism and their consequences have not yet been fully understood and clarified, further studies are needed to include the process of shaping the eating habits of these children, their eating behaviors, and the effects of the diet on their daily eating habits and the formation of food selectivity.

Project Number

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References

  • Rice CE, Carpenter LA, Morrier MJ, et al. Defining in detail and evaluating reliability of DSM-5 criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children. J Autism Dev Disord. 2022.
  • Morales Hidalgo P, Voltas Moreso N, Canals Sans J. Autism spectrum disorder prevalence and associated sociodemographic factors in the school population: EPINED study. Autism. 2021;25(7):1999-2011.
  • Kellerman RD, Rakel D. Conn's Current Therapy. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020.
  • Önol S, Kirzioğlu Z. Evaluation of oral health status and influential factors in children with autism. Niger J Clin Pract. 2018;21(4):429-435.
  • Cherif L, Boudabous J, Khemekhem K, et al. Feeding Problems in Children with autism spectrum disorders. J Fam Med. 2018;1(1):30-39.
  • Buie T, Campbell DB, Fuchs GJ, et al. Evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in individuals with ASDs: a consensus report. Pediatrics. 2010;12(1):1-18.
  • Liu X, Liu J, Xiong X, et al. Correlation between nutrition and symptoms: nutritional survey of children with autism spectrum disorder in Chongqing, China. Nutrients. 2016;8(294):1-15.
  • Kars S, Abaoğlu H, Huri M. Otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan çocuklarda beslenme aktivitesinin incelenmesi. Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal. 2019;6(3):232-242.
  • Alkhalidy H, Abushaikha A, Alnaser K, Obeidat MD, Al-Shami I. Nutritional status of pre-school children and determinant factors of autism: A case-control study. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2021;8:627011.
  • Manikam R. Current literature: Pediatric feeding disorders. Nutr Clin Pract. 2000;15(6):312-314.
  • Zheng Z, Zhang L, Li S, et al. Association among obesity, overweight and autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):11697.
  • Liu T, Kelly J, Davis L, Zamora K. Nutrition, BMI and motor competence in children with autism spectrum disorder. Medicina. 2019;55(5):135.
  • Dhaliwal KK, Orsso CE, Richard C, Haqq AM, Zwaigenbaum L. Risk factors for unhealthy weight gain and obesity among children with autism spectrum disorder. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(13):3285.
  • Doreswamy S, Bashir A, Guarecuco JE, et al. Effects of diet, nutrition, and exercise in children with autism and autism spectrum disorder: A literature review. Cureus. 2020;12:12222.
  • Bülbül SF, Ata AE, Gökçen NK, Gülbahçe A. Otizm spektrum bozukluğunda beslenme. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2021;64:33-41.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.), American Psychiatric Publishing, Arlington, VA;2013.
  • Bicer AH, Alsaffar AA. Dietary intake of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and normal to high body mass index (BMI). Integr Food Nutr Metab. 2015;2(4):231-238.
  • Lord C, Elsabbagh M, Baird G, Veenstra-Vanderweele J. Autism spectrum disorder. Lancet. 2018;392(10146):508-520.
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) olan bireylere yönelik sağlıklı beslenme önerileri rehberi. Ankara Yayın No:1128;2019.
  • Wallace GL, Richard E, Wolff A, Nadeau M, Zucker N. Increased emotional eating behaviors in children with autism: Sex differences and links with dietary variety. Autism. 2021;25(3):603-612.
  • Must A, Phillips S, Bandini L. Longitudinal fruit and vegetable consumption, fiber, and glycemic load as predictors of fatness and relative weight change over adolescence in girls. Obes Res. 2005;13:A152-A153.
  • Uçar K, Samur G. Otizmin tedavisinde güncel beslenme tedavisi yaklaşımları. Beslenme ve Diyet Derg. 2017;45(1):53-60.
  • Kazek B, Brzóska A, Paprocka J, et al. Eating behaviors of children with autism-pilot study, Part II. Nutrients. 2021;13(11):3850.
  • Healy S, Aigner CJ, Haegele JA. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US youth with autism spectrum disorder. Autism. 2019;23(4):1046-1050.
  • Helsel BC, Foster RNS, Sherman J. et al. The family nutrition and physical activity survey: comparisons with obesity and physical activity in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord; 2022.
  • Granich J, Lin A, Hunt A, Wray J, Dass A, Whitehouse AJ. Obesity and associated factors in youth with an autism spectrum disorder. Autism. 2016;20(8):916-926.
  • Kordi R, Ziaee V, Mirfazeli F, Sotoodeh MS. Weight status in Iranian children with autism spectrum disorders: Investigation of underweight, overweight and obesity. RASD. 2012;6(1):234-239.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Berkin Özyılmaz Kırcali 0000-0002-5371-2445

Fatma Nur Demir 0000-0002-9697-9246

Nurseda Demir 0000-0001-6914-0245

Hatice Üründü 0000-0002-9555-8300

Project Number yoktur
Publication Date August 31, 2022
Submission Date January 14, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Özyılmaz Kırcali B, Demir FN, Demir N, Üründü H. OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU TANISI OLAN ÇOCUKLARDA YEME DAVRANIŞI, OBEZİTE DURUMU VE AİLELERİN BESLENME KONUSUNDA YAŞADIKLARI SORUNLAR. Karya J Health Sci. 2022;3(2):50-5.