HÜNNAP (Z. JUJUBA)’IN SAĞLIK ETKİLERİNE YÖNELİK BİR İÇERİK ANALİZİ

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 241 - 248, 30.12.2023

Betül Üner Yılmaz , Muhammet Ali Cebirbay , Nazan Aktaş

https://doi.org/10.52831/kjhs.1297908

Abstract

Türkiye’de hünnap meyvesi olarak bilinen Z. jujuba’nın fenolik bileşenleri ve ikincil metabolit içeriklerinin beslenme ve sağlık etkileri son yıllarda sıkça araştırılmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmada hünnap meyvesinin fenolik bileşikler ve ikincil metabolitler açısından sağlık etkileri araştırılmaya çalışıldı. Çalışmada içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak Pubmed, Sciencedirect, ClinicalKey, Cochrane Library gibi bilimsel temelli veri tabanları aracılığıyla “Ziziphus jujuba” veya “Jujube” ve “Health effects” anahtar kelimelerini bir arada içeren 2013-2023 yılları arasında yayımlanmış, tam metin erişilebilen çalışmalar içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan “Ziziphus Jujubanın Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri Yayın Değerlendirme Formu” ile değerlendirildi. Formda makalenin adı, yayın yılı, araştırma tipi, meyvenin kullanım şekli, araştırma değişkenleri, çalışma materyali ve çalışmanın sonucuna dair bilgileri elde etmeye yönelik maddeler yer almaktaydı. 2013-2023 yılları arasında 677 yayınlanmış çalışma mevcuttu. Bu çalışmaların %5.0’ı (n=34) içerik analizi çalışmamıza uygundu ve kabul edilmişti. Araştırma tipi in vitro (%47.1) ve in vivo (%52.9) olarak belirlendi. Yapılan 18 in vivo çalışmanın tümü randomize kontrollü çalışmaydı. Hünnap meyvesinin çalışmalarda en sık %67.6 ile ekstraksiyon formunun kullanıldığı belirlendi. İncelenen çalışmalarda kullanılan diğer formlar ise %17.6 doğal, %5.9 şurup, %2.9 bal formu ve %5.9 toz formuydu. Sağlık etkilerinin araştırılma sıklığı incelendiğinde birinci sırada %29.4 ile antikanserojen etki yer alırken, %14.7 ile kalp damar hastalıkları, %14.7 ile nörolojik hastalıklar, %8.8 ile karaciğer hastalıkları, %5.9 ile gastrointstinal sisteme etkisi ve %5.9 ile diyabet üzerine etkilerinin araştırıldığı saptandı. Çalışmamıza hünnabın 2013-2023 yılları arasında yapılmış ve sağlık etkilerinin araştırıldığı çalışmalar dahil edildi. Çalışmamıza dahil edilen 34 çalışmanın tamamında meyvenin farklı formlarının olumlu sağlık etkileri oluşturduğu gösterildi. Hünnap ile ilgili çalışmaların büyük çoğunluğu ülkemiz de dahil olmak üzere derleme niteliğinde olup; klinik çalışmaların sayısının yeterli olmadığı görüldü. Hünnap meyvesinin sağlık üzerine etkilerinin daha iyi değerlendirilebilmesi için, hayvan ve insan çalışmalarının arttırılmasına ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

Ziziphus Jujuba, Terapötik, Antikanserojen, Flavonoid

A CONTENT ANALYSIS ON THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF JUJUBE (Z. JUJUBA)

Abstract

The nutritional and health effects of phenolic components and secondary metabolite contents of Z. jujuba, known as jujube in Turkey, have been frequently investigated in recent years. For this reason, the health effects of Z. jujuba in terms of phenolic compounds and secondary metabolites were investigated in this study. In the study, using the content analysis method, it was published between 2013-2023, which includes the keywords "Ziziphus jujuba" or "Jujube" and "Health effects", through scientific databases such as Pubmed, Sciencedirect, ClinicalKey, Cochrane Library, full-text accessible The studies were evaluated with the "Effects of Ziziphus Jujuba on Health Publication Evaluation Form" prepared by the researchers using the content analysis method. In the form, there are items to obtain information about the name of the article, the year of publication, the type of research, the use of the fruit, the research variables, the study material and the result of the study. There are 677 published studies between 2013-2023. 5.0% (n=34) of these studies were suitable for our content analysis study and were accepted. The study type was determined as in vitro (47.1%) and in vivo (52.9%). All 18 in vivo studies are randomized controlled trials. It was determined that the extraction form of jujube fruit was used most frequently with 67.6% in the studies. Other forms used in the studies examined are 17.6% natural, 5.9% syrup, 2.9% honey form and 5.9% powder form. Among the health effects, anticarcinogenic effect ranked first with 29.4%, cardiovascular diseases with 14.7%, neurological diseases with 14.7%, liver diseases with 8.8%, effects on the gastrointestinal system with 5.9% and diabetes with 5.9% were determined. In our content analysis study, studies conducted between 2013 and 2023 and investigating the health effects of Z. jujuba were included. In all of the 34 studies included in our study, it has been shown that different forms of the fruit have positive health effects. Most of the studies on Z. jujuba, including our country, are in the nature of compilation; The number of clinical studies was found to be insufficient. In order to better evaluate the effects of Ziziphus jujuba fruit on health, studies on experimental animals and humans need to be increased.

Keywords

Ziziphus Jujube, Health Effect, Therapeutic, Flavonoid

References

• El Maaiden E, El Kharrassi Y, Qarah NA, Essamadi AK, Moustaid K, Nasser B. Genus Ziziphus: A comprehensive review on ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological properties. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2020;259:112950.
• Liang Q, Wang X, Yang S, et al. Characterization of the antioxidative polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujube cv. Goutouzao and its tumor‐inhibitory effects on human colorectal carcinoma LoVo cells via immunocyte activation. Journal of Food Biochemistry. 2020;44(11):e13462.
• Wang M, Gao QH, Shen J, Wang XQ, Ji XL. The jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit: a review of current knowledge of fruit composition and health benefits. Chinese Dates. 2016:53-82.
• Wojdyło A, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA, Legua P, Hernández F. Phenolic composition, ascorbic acid content, and antioxidant capacity of Spanish jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) fruits. Food chemistry. 2016;201:307-314.
• Pareek S. Nutritional composition of jujube fruit. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture. 2013;25(6):463-470.
• Hu Y, Liu C, Hao Q, Zhang Q, He Y. Building kinetic models for determining vitamin C content in fresh jujube and predicting its shelf life based on near-infrared spectroscopy. Sensors. 2013;13(11):15673-15681.
• Yazdanpanah Z, Ghadiri‐Anari A, Mehrjardi AV, Dehghani A, Zardini HZ, Nadjarzadeh A. Effect of Ziziphus jujube fruit infusion on lipid profiles, glycaemic index and antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Phytotherapy Research. 2017;31(5):755-762.
• Xue X, Zhao A, Wang Y, et al. Composition and content of phenolic acids and flavonoids among the different varieties, development stages, and tissues of Chinese Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). Plos one. 2021;16(10):e0254058.
• Shi Q, Zhang Z, Su J, Zhou J, Li X. Comparative analysis of pigments, phenolics, and antioxidant activity of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) during fruit development. Molecules. 2018;23(8):1917.
• Choi SH, Ahn JB, Kim HJ, et al. Changes in free amino acid, protein, and flavonoid content in jujube (Ziziphus jujube) fruit during eight stages of growth and antioxidative and cancer cell inhibitory effects by extracts. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2012;60(41):10245-10255.
• Fu Q, Ma Y, Chen J, Yuan HM, Zheng YZ. Two new C-glucosyl flavonoids from Ziziphus jujube and their anti-inflammatory activity. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research. 2017;19(5):462-467.
• Sobhani Z, Nikoofal-Sahlabadi S, Amiri MS, Ramezani M, Emami SA, Sahebkar A. Therapeutic effects of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. fruit in traditional and modern medicine: a review. Medicinal chemistry. 2020;16(8):1069-1088.
• Chen J, Tsim KW. A Review of edible jujube, the Ziziphus jujuba fruit: A heath food supplement for anemia prevalence. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2020;11:593655.
• Çalık M, Sözbilir M. İçerik analizinin parametreleri. Eğitim ve Bilim 2014;39(174).
• Ültay E, Akyurt H, Ültay N. Sosyal bilimlerde betimsel içerik analizi. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2021;(10):188-201.
• Sun Y. F, Song CK, Viernstein, H, Unger, F, Liang ZS. (2013). Apoptosis of human breast cancer cells induced by microencapsulated betulinic acid from sour jujube fruits through the mitochondria transduction pathway. Food chemistry. 2013;138(2-3):1998-2007.
• Chen J, Maiwulanjiang M, Lam KY, et al. A standardized extract of the fruit of Ziziphus jujuba (Jujube) induces neuronal differentiation of cultured PC12 cells: a signaling mediated by protein kinase A. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2014;62(8):1890-1897.
• Qiao A, Wang Y, Xiang L, Zhang Z, He X. Triterpenoids of sour jujube show pronounced inhibitory effect on human tumor cells and antioxidant activity. Fitoterapia. 2014;98:137-142.
• Choi J, An X, Lee BH, et al. Protective effects of bioactive phenolics from jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) seeds against H 2 O 2–induced oxidative stress in neuronal PC-12 cells. Food science and biotechnology. 2015;24:2219-2227.
• Han X, Zhou Q, Gao Z, et al. In vitro digestion and fecal fermentation behaviors of polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Pozao and its interaction with human gut microbiota. Food Research International. 2022;162:112022.
• Moon KM, Hwang YH, Yang JH, Ma JY, Lee, B. Spinosin is a flavonoid in the seed of Ziziphus jujuba that prevents skin pigmentation in a human skin model. Journal of Functional Foods. 2019;54:449-456.
• Tran HNK, Cao TQ, Kim JA, Woo MH, Min BS. Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of constituents isolated from the fruits of Ziziphus jujuba var. inermis Rehder. Fitoterapia. 2019;137:104261.
• Jiang T, He F, Han S, Chen C, Zhang Y, Che H. Characterization of cAMP as an anti-allergic functional factor in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). Journal of Functional Foods. 2019;60:103414.
• Sabzghabaee AM, Khayam I, Kelishadi R, et al. Effect of Zizyphus jujuba fruits on dyslipidemia in obese adolescents: a triple-masked randomized controlled clinical trial. Medical Archives. 2013;67(3):156.
• Aafi E, Shams Ardakani MR, Ahmad Nasrollahi S, et al. Brightening effect of Ziziphus jujuba (jujube) fruit extract on facial skin: A randomized, double‐blind, clinical study. Dermatologic Therapy. 2022;35(7):e15535.
• Rajaei A, Salarbashi D, Asrari N, Fazly Bazzaz BS, Aboutorabzade SM, Shaddel R. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of extracts from the seed and pulp of Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) grown in Iran. Food Science & Nutrition. 2020;9(2):682-691.
• Bao T, Zhang M, Zhou Y, Chen W. Phenolic profile of jujube fruit subjected to gut microbiota fermentation and its antioxidant potential against ethyl carbamate-induced oxidative damage. Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B. 2021;22(5):397-409.
• Miao W, Sheng L, Yang T, et al. The impact of flavonoids-rich Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Extract on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. 2020;20(1):1-8.
• Abedini MR, Erfanian N, Nazem H, Jamali S, Hoshyar R. (2016). Anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of Ziziphus Jujube on cervical and breast cancer cells. Avicenna journal of phytomedicine. 2016;6(2):142.
• Hoshyar R, Mohaghegh Z, Torabi N, Abolghasemi A. Antitumor activity of aqueous extract of Ziziphus jujube fruit in breast cancer: an in vitro and in vivo study. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction. 2015;4(2):116-122.
• Dabaghian FH, Hassani A, Nayeri N, Shojaii A, Entezari M. Anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of aqueous extract of ziziphus jujube in human thyroid carcinoma cell lines (C643). International Journal of Cancer Management. 2018;11(7).
• Periasamy S, Liu CT, Wu WH, Chien SP, Liu MY. Dietary Ziziphus jujuba fruit influence on aberrant crypt formation and blood cells in colitis-associated colorectal cancer mice. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2015;16(17):7561-7566.
• Cheng N, Zhao H, Chen S, He Q, Cao W. Jujube honey induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell via DNA damage, p53 expression, and caspase activation. Journal of food biochemistry 2019;43(11):e12998.
• Zhu Y, Huang J, Shen T, Yue R. Mechanism of Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Fruit in the Appetite Regulation Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Method. Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 2022;2022:5070086.
• Farhadnejad H, Asghari G, Hedayati M, Sahranavard S, Teymoori F, Mirmiran P, Azizi, F. Effect of Ziziphus jujube on cardiometabolic factors and systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. 2022;49:53-60.
• Mohebbati R, Bavarsad K, Rahimi M, Rakhshandeh H, Rad AK, Shafei MN. Protective effects of long-term administration of Ziziphus jujuba fruit extract on cardiovascular responses in L-NAME hypertensive rats. Avicenna journal of phytomedicine. 2018;8(2):143.
• Hosseini M, Bambaeichi E, Sarir H, Kargarfard M. Effect of training with or without Ziziphus jujuba extract on cardiokines in heart tissue of myocardial infarcted rats. International Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2019;10.
• Maddahi SZ, Jokar A, Kamalinejad M, Behnampur N. The efficacy of Jujube syrup on the prevention of drug‐induced hepatotoxicity in pulmonary tuberculosis patients: A pilot randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Pharmacology Research & Perspectives. 2021;10(1):e00902.
• Shen JH, Li FF. Effect of jujube on the expression of CYP2E1 and TNF-alpha in the hepatic tissue of mice with alcoholic liver disease. Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi= Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine. 2014;34(4):466-470.
• Huang W, Wang Y, Jiang X, Sun Y, Zhao Z, Li S. Protective effect of flavonoids from Ziziphus jujuba cv. Jinsixiaozao against acetaminophen-induced liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation in mice. Molecules. 2017;22(10):1781.
• Chen J, Li Z, Maiwulanjiang M, Zhang WL, et al. Chemical and biological assessment of Ziziphus jujuba fruits from China: different geographical sources and developmental stages. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2013;61(30):7315-7324.
• Rabiei Z, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Heidarian E, Saghaei E, Mokhtari S. Effects of Zizyphus jujube extract on memory and learning impairment induced by bilateral electric lesions of the nucleus basalis of meynert in rat. Neurochemical research. 2014;39(2):353-360.
• Chi A, Kang C, Zhang Y, et al. Immunomodulating and antioxidant effects of polysaccharide conjugates from the fruits of Ziziphus Jujube on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome rats. Carbohydrate polymers. 2015;122:189-196.
• Yi YL, Li Y, Guo S, et al. Elucidation of the Reinforcing Spleen Effect of Jujube Fruits Based on Metabolomics and Intestinal Flora Analysis. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 2022;332.
• Resim S, Koluş E, Barut O, Kucukdurmaz F, Bahar AY, Dagli H. Ziziphus jujube ameliorated cavernosal oxidative stress and fibrotic processes in cavernous nerve injury‐induced erectile dysfunction in a rat model. Andrologia. 2020;52(7):e13632.
• Mostafa UE, Labban L. The effect of Zizyphus jujube on serum lipid profile and some anthropometric measurements. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 2013;12(6):538-543.
• Ghanbari-Niaki A, Hosseini F, Broom DR, Tejenjari B, Rahmati-Ahmadabad S. Combined Effects of High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Training and Ziziphus jujuba Extract on Tissue Nesfatin-1 in Rats. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2022;13.
• Mehreen A, Waheed M, Liaqat I, Arshad N. Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, and Toxicological Evaluation of Traditional Herbs Used to Treat Sore Throat. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:8503426.
• Li T, Jiang T, Liu N, Wu C, Xu H, Lei H. Biotransformation of phenolic profiles and improvement of antioxidant capacities in jujube juice by select lactic acid bacteria. Food Chemistry. 2021;339:127859.
• Bai L, Zhang H, Liu Q, et al. Chemical characterization of the main bioactive constituents from fruits of Ziziphus jujuba. Food & function. 2016;7(6):2870-2877.
• Bao T, Zhang M, Zhou Y, Chen W. Phenolic profile of jujube fruit subjected to gut microbiota fermentation and its antioxidant potential against ethyl carbamate-induced oxidative damage. Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B. 2021;22(5):397-409.
• Shih YS, Tsai CH, Li TC, et al. Effect of wu chu yu tang on gastroesophageal reflux disease: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytomedicine. 2019;56:118-125.
• Chen P, Zhou X, Zhang L, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of Huangqin tang extract in mice on ulcerative colitis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2015;162:207-214.
• Zhao Y, Yang X, Ren D, Wang D, Xuan Y. Preventive effects of jujube polysaccharides on fructose-induced insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in mice. Food & function. 2014;5(8):1771-1778.
• Hemmati M, Asghari S, Zohoori E, Karamian M. Hypoglycemic effects of three Iranian edible plants; jujube, barberry and saffron: Correlation with serum adiponectin level. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2015;28(6).
• Chen J, Yan AL, Lam KY, et al. A chemically standardized extract of Ziziphus jujuba fruit (jujube) stimulates expressions of neurotrophic factors and anti‐oxidant enzymes in cultured astrocytes. Phytotherapy Research. 2014;28(11):1727-1730.
• Yoon JH, Kim EH, Park SB, Lee JY, Yoon SW. Traditional Herbal Medicine for Insomnia in Patients With Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2021;12.