Degradation of 2-Chlorophenol Present in Effluent Water by Advanced Electrochemical Method

Abstract

Water is an important of life. When it is polluted, it disturbs not only human but also aquatic life. There are no of chemicals that contaminate the water. Industries generate different types of chemicals, which pollute the water. Effluent from these industries contains heavy metals, BOD, COD and phenolic compounds. Water pollution is a very serious issue. Different ways are available to treat the waste water. Flocculation, sedimentation, coagulation, photolysis and electrochemical methods are used for treatment of waste water. Phenolic compounds are the most harmful chemicals present as contamination in waste water. Phenolic compound accompanied with chlorine can exist as mono-chlorophenol, di-chlorophenol and tri-chlorophenol. These compounds are very carcinogenic in nature so their presence is dangerous for human as well as aquatic life. In this research electrochemical method is used to treat o-chlorophenol. Effect of electrodes, voltages and treating times on the removal efficiency have been studied. Stander sample of 100ppm from stock material have been prepared as an analogues to the waste water of industries. HPLC/UV detector is used to analyze the treatment effects. Graphite electrode, 20 volts and 20 min operating time is the most effective parameters that removes about 60% of the initial concentration of 2-CP (ortho-chlorophenol).

Keywords

• Electrochemical Treatment,Electrodes,Harmful Chemicals,Phenolic Degradation,Treating Time,Voltages

References

1. Chen G., Electrochemical technologies in wastewater treatment, 2004. Sep. Purif. Technol., 38(1), pp. 11–41.
2. Nguyen T. A., Juang R. S., 2013. Treatment of waters and wastewaters containing sulfur dyes: A review. Chem. Eng. J., 219, pp. 109–117.
3. Lin S. H., Chen M. L., 1997. Treatment of textile wastewater by chemical methods for reuse. Water Res., 31(4), pp. 868–876.
4. Sripriya R., Chandrasekaran M., Subramanian K., Asokan K., Noel M., 2007. Electrochemical destruction of p-chlorophenol and p-nitro phenol - Influence of surfactants and anode materials. Chemosphere, 69(2), pp. 254–61.
5. Sala M., Gutiérrez-Bouzán M. C., 2014. Electrochemical treatment of industrial wastewater and effluent reuse at laboratory and semi-industrial scale. J. Clean. Prod., 65, pp. 458–464.
6. Körbahti B. K., Tanyolaç A., 2003. Continuous electrochemical treatment of phenolic wastewater in a tubular reactor. Water Res., 37(7), pp. 1505–1514.
7. Cañizares P., Paz R., Sáez C., Rodrigo M. A., 2009. Costs of the electrochemical oxidation of wastewaters: A comparison with ozonation and Fenton oxidation processes. J. Environ. Manage, 90(1), pp. 410–420.
8. Article, P. A. N. A. T. of Contents, P. D. of A. 4-C. by S.-I. Polyoxometalates. Bin Yue S. J., Zhou Y., Xu J., Wu Z., Zhang X., Zou Y., , 2002. Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, Photocatalytic Degradation of Aqueous 4-Chlorophenol by Silica-Immobilized Polyoxometalates, pp. Environ. Sci. Technol., 36 (6), pp. 1325–1329.

9. Zhang W., Qu Z., Li X., Wang Y., Wu J., 2012. Je Sc Sc, 24(3), pp. 520–528.
10. Yoon J. H., Shim Y. B., Lee B. S., Choi S., Won M. S., 2012. Electrochemical degradation of phenol and 2-chlorophenol using Pt/Ti and boron-doped diamond electrodes. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 33(7), pp. 2274–2278.
11. Zhang F., Feng C., Li W., Cui J., 2014 . Indirect Electrochemical Oxidation of Dye Wastewater Containing Acid Orange 7 Using Ti / RuO 2 -Pt Electrode. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 9, pp. 943–954.
12. Jara C. C., Martínez-Huitle C. A., Torres-Palma R. A., 2009. Distribution of Nitrogen Ions Generated in the Electrochemical Oxidation of Nitrogen Containing Organic Compounds. Port. Electrochim. Acta, 27(3), pp. 203–213.
13. Zhang R., Zhang C., Cheng X., Wang L., Wu Y., Guan Z., 2007. Kinetics of decolorization of azo dye by bipolar pulsed barrier discharge in a three-phase discharge plasma reactor. J. Hazard. Mater, 142(1–2), pp. 105–10.
14. Wang H., Wang J., 2007. Electrochemical degradation of 4-chlorophenol using a novel Pd/C gas-diffusion electrode, Appl. Catal. B Environ., 77(1–2), pp. 58–65.
15. Jamil T. S., Ghaly M. Y., El-Seesy I. E., Souaya E. R., Nasr R. A., 2011. A comparative study among different photochemical oxidation processes to enhance the biodegradability of paper mill wastewater. Hazard. Mater, 185(1), 353-8.
16. Polcaro A. M., Palmas S., Renoldi F., Mascia M.,1999. On the performance of Ti/SnO2 and Ti/PbO2 anodesin electrochemical degradation of 2-chlorophenolfor wastewater treatment. J. Appl. Electrochem., 29(2), pp. 147–151.
17. Torres R. A., Lovell T., Noodleman L., Case D. A., 2003. Density functional and reduction potential calculations of Fe4S4 clusters. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125(7), pp. 1923–36.