Investigation Of Separability Of DMC/Methanol Azeotropic Mixtures By Chitosan Hybrid Membrane

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 205 - 211, 30.11.2022

Nazlı Yenihan Yüzer , Güler Hasırcı , Nilüfer Hilmioğlu

https://doi.org/10.34088/kojose.1013196

Abstract

Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is a green solvent and an environmentally friendly fuel additive. It is produced by carbonylation of methanol The production cost of DMC is very high by conventional processes because DMC and methanol form azeotrope and cannot be separated by distillation. Its separation can be performed by pervaporation (PV) economically. Pervaporation (PV) is also an environmentally friendly membrane process in which liquid-liquid mixtures are separated under vacuum with high selectivity. Pervaporation selectivity is dependent on sorption selectivity and diffusion selectivity. Membrane used in the pervaporation process is a semi-permeable barrier and provides selective separation and transport. In PV development of an appropriate membrane material is important for obtaining pure substances. Hydrophilic membrane can separate methanol which is a polar component. Chitosan is a harmless, biodegradable, natural polymer and, despite having hydrophilic properties, cannot withstand aqueous conditions. Therefore, it should be modified by crosslinking. Tetraethoxysilan (TEOS) and tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) can be used as crosslinking agents and additive blending components in membrane production for increasing chemical and mechanical stability. In this study, sorption tests were carried out to determine the usability of chitosan-tetraethoxysilan (TEOS) and chitosan-Tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) hybrid membranes in separation of DMC-Methanol mixture with PV.

Keywords

Azeotropic Mixture, Dimethyl Carbonate, Hybrid Membrane, Pervaporation

References

• [1] Chen J., Liu Q., Fang J., Zhu A., Zhang Q., 2007b. Composite hybrid membrane of chitosan–silica in pervaporation separation of MeOH/DMC mixtures. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 316, pp. 580-588.
• [2] Won W., Feng X., Lawless D., 2003. Separation of dimethyl carbonate/methanol/water mixtures by pervaporation using crosslinked chitosan membranes. Separation and Purification Technology, 31, pp.129-140.
• [3] Chen J., Liu Q., Zhu A., Zhang Q., Fang J., 2008. Pervaporation separation of MeOH/DMC mixtures using STA/CS hybrid membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 315, pp. 74–81.
• [4] Chen J., Liu Q., Zhang X., Zhang Q., 2007a. Pervaporation and characterization of chitosan membranes cross-linked by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Journal of Membrane Science, 292, pp. 125–132.
• [5] Tong B., Cheng C., Khan M., Wu Y., Xu T., 2017. Double cross-linking PVA-SiO2hybrid membranes for alkali recovery. Separation and Purification Technology, 174, pp. 203-211.
• [6] Ponce M. L., Prado L., Ruffmann B., Richau K., Mohr R., Nunes S. P., 2003. Reduction of methanol permeability inpolyetherketone–heteropolyacid membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 217, pp. 5-15.
• [7] Chen W., Bhaskar T., Ong H., 2020. Biomass Processing for Biofuels, Bioenergy and Chemicals, Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Energies. MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
• [8] Trifoi A., Agachi Ş. P., Pap T., 2016. Glycerol acetals and ketals as possible diesel additives. A review of their synthesis protocols. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 62, pp. 804-814.
• [9] Nanda M., Yuan Z., Qin W., Ghaziaskar H. S., Poirier M. A., Xu C.C., 2014. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of a catalytic process to convert glycerol into solketal as an oxygenated fuel additive. Fuel, 117, pp. 470-477.
• [10] Talebian-Kiakalaieh A., Amin N. A. S., Najaafi N., Tarighi S., 2018. A Review on the Catalytic Acetalization of Bio-renewable Glycerol to Fuel Additives. Frontiers in Chemistry, 6, pp. 573.
• [11] Christy S., Noschese A., Lomelí-Rodriguez M., Greeves N., Lopez-Sanchez J. A., 2018. Recent progress in the synthesis and applications of glycerol carbonate. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 14, pp. 99-107.
• [12] Teng W. K, Ngoh G. C., Yusoff R., Aroua M. K., 2014. A review on the performance of glycerol carbonate production via catalytic transesterification: Effects of influencing parameters. Energy Conversion and Management, 88, pp. 484-497.
• [13] Kumar P., With P., Srivastava V. C., Gläser R., Mishra I. M., 2015. Glycerol Carbonate Synthesis by Hierarchically Structured Catalysts: Catalytic Activity and Characterization. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 54, pp. 12543-12552.
• [14] Wang S., Hao P., Li S., Zhang A., Guan Y., Zhang L., 2017. Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by calcined silicates. Applied Catalysis A, General, 542, pp. 174-181.
• [15] Jyoti G., Keshav A., Anandkumar J., 2015. Review on Pervaporation: Theory, Membrane Performance, and Application to Intensification of Esterification Reaction. Journal of Engineering, 2015, pp.1-24.
• [16] Cannilla C., Bonura G., Costa F., Frusteri F., 2018. Biofuels production by esterification of oleic acid with ethanol using a membrane assisted reactor in vapour permeation configuration. Applied Catalysis A, General, 566, pp. 121-129.
• [17] Mulder M., 1996. Basic Principles of Membrane Technology, Second ed. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
• [18] Drioli E., Giorno L., 2016. Encyclopedia of Membranes, illustrated ed. Springer, Heidelberg. Berlin.
• [19] Dong G., Nagasawa H., Yu L., Wang Q., Yamamoto K., Ohshita J., Kanezashi M., Tsuru T., 2020. Pervaporation removal of methanol from methanol/organic azeotropes using organosilica membranes: Experimental and modeling. Journal of Membrane Science, 610, pp. 118284.
• [20] Wang M., Li M., Chang N., Gao L., Wang M., Zhang Y., 2018. Vapor separation of methanol-dimethyl carbonate mixture on SAPO-34 zeolite membrane. Journal of Membrane Science, 565, pp. 311-321.
• [21] Ismail A. S., Darwish M. S. A., Ismail E. A., 2016. Synthesis and characterization of hydrophilic chitosan-polyvinyl acetate blends and their sorption performance in binary methanol–water mixture. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 26, pp. 17-22.
• [22] Huang R. Y. M., Yeom C. K., 1990. Pervaporation separation of Aqueous mixtures using crosslinked poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), II. Permeation of Ethanol-Water mixtures. Journal of membrane science, 51, pp. 273-292.
• [23] Feng X., and Huang R. Y. M., 2007. Liquid Separation By Membrane Pervaporation: A Review. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 36, 1048-1066.
• [24] Baker R. W., 2000. Membrane technology and application, second ed. John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex, England.
• [25] Hilmioglu N., 1998. PhD Thesis, IPA/Su ve MTBE/Metanol Azeotropik Karışımlarının Pervaporasyon ile Ayrılması, İTU.