TRİBOELEKTRİK NANOJENERATÖRLER İLE ENERJİ HASADI: TEORİK KÖKEN, ÇALIŞMA PRENSİBİ VE ÇALIŞMA MODLARI

Abstract

Cep telefonları ve giyilebilir elektronik aygıtların fonksiyonlarını kesintisiz biçimde yerine getirebilmeleri için gereksinim duyulan enerjinin üretimi ve depolanması, hafif ve esnek elemanlarla sağlanmalıdır. Konvansiyonel piller; gerekli pratiklik, esneklik, konfor ve hafifliği sağlama konusunda yetersizlik kalmaktadır. Bu durum, enerji hasatçılarına yönelen ilginin artmasına neden olmuştur. Enerji hasatçıları, çevresel enerjileri elektrik enerjisine dönüştürürler. Enerji hasatçıları, yalnızca pratiklik sağlamaz aynı zamanda çevre dostu enerji üretimi gerçekleştirir. Enerji hasatçıları, faydalanılan enerji kaynağına ve elektrik enerjisine dönüştürme prensibine göre fotovoltaik, termoelektrik, elektromanyetik, piezoelektrik ve triboelektrik gibi sınıflara ayrılabilir. Triboelektrik enerji hasatçıları sürtünme sırasında oluşan statik elektriği kullanılabilir enerjiye dönüştürür. Triboelektrik enerji hasatçıları ile; dikey temas ayrılma, düzlem içi kaydırma, tek elektrotlu, serbest triboelektik tabaka modları gibi farklı çalışma modlarında enerji elde edebilir. İlk defa 2012 yılında geliştirilen, ardından yoğun biçimde araştırma çalışmalarına konu olan triboelektrik enerji hasatçılar; yüksek güç çıkışları, nanoteknoloji ile uyumları, geniş malzeme ve tasarım seçenekleri, küçük boyutları, hafif ve esnek yapıları, düşük maliyetleri ve giyilebilir aygıtlara eklenebilmeleri ile geleceğin enerji teknolojisi olmaya adaydır.

Keywords

• Enerji hasadı
• Giyilebilir aygıtlar
• Nanojeneratörler
• Triboelektrik nanojeneratörler

Energy Harvesting with Triboelectric Nanogenerators: Theoretical Roots, Working Principles and Working Modes

Abstract

Light-weight and flexible components are needed for energy generation and storage in order for cell phones and wearable electronics to carry out their functions uninterruptedly. Conventional batteries are insufficient in terms of practicability, flexibility, comfort and light weight. This situation causes energy harvesters to attract more interest. Energy harvesters collect energy present in the environment and transfer it into electrical energy which can be used by wearables and other electronics. Harvesting environmental energy not only provides ease of use, but it also generates environmentally- friendly energy. According to the energy source and conversion principle; energy harvesters can be classified in groups such as photovoltaic, thermoelectric, electromagnetic, piezoelectric, and triboelectric energy harvesters. Triboelectric energy harvesters convert static electricity induced by friction, into usable energy. With triboelectric energy harvesters, energy can be generated using vertical contact separation, in- plane sliding, single electrode and free-standing triboelectric layer modes. Triboelectric energy harvesters were developed for the first time in 2012, and then have been the subject of intense research studies. With their high power output, compliance with nanotechnology, broad material and design choices, small dimensions, light and flexible structure, low cost and adaptability to wearable systems, triboelectric energy harvesters show promise to be the energy technology of the future.

Keywords

• Energy harvesting
• Nanogenerators
• Triboelectric nanogenerators
• Wearables

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