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SOIL CORROSION PROTECTION BY NICKEL ELECTROPLATING

Year 2019, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 776 - 783, 04.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.654944

Abstract

The corrosion exposure of steels is a common case. The aim of this study is to decrease corrosion rate in soil that is especially critical in submerged steel pipes by nickel electroplating. Nickel electroplating is conducted at two current densities of 1.5 A/dm2 and 4 A/dm2. It is revealed that the hardness values of the steels that are plated at low current density (1.5 A/dm2) are higher than that of the ones that are plated at high current density (4 A/dm2). The soil corrosion tests were carried out with the electroplated specimens at 1.5 A/dm2 to preserve the hardness. Both electroplated and un-plated steel specimens were hold for 624 hours in the soil solution prepared in the laboratory. The soil corrosion behavior of nickel electroplated steels has not been studied in literature. The cell potentials are measured by using Cu-CuSO4 reference electrode. The corrosion rates for the un-plated and plated specimens are calculated 5.7 and 1.4 µm/year, respectively. Electroplating the pipes and measuring pipe to soil potentials in situ applications can be suggested for future research.

References

  • Ahmad, Z., (2006),Principles of Corrosion Engineering and Corrosion Control. Elsevier Ltd. , 1–656.
  • Antunes de Sena, R., Bastos, I. N., & Platt, G., (2012),"Theoretical and Experimental Aspects of the Corrosivity of Simulated Soil Solutions",ISRN Chemical Engineering, 2012, 1–6.
  • Baboian, R., (2005),"Corrosion Tests and Standards: Application and Interpretation",ASTM International.
  • Bahrololoom, M. E., & Sani, R., (2005),"The influence of pulse plating parameters on the hardness and wear resistance of nickel-alumina composite coatings",Surface and Coatings Technology, 192,No.2–3, 154–163.
  • Banovic, S. W., Barmak, K., & Marder, A. R., (1998),"Microstructural Characterization and Hardness of Electrodeposited Nickel Coatings from a Sulphamate Bath",Journal of Materials Science, 33, 639–645.
  • Barbalat, M., Lanarde, L., Caron, D., Meyer, M., Vittonato, J., Castillon, F., Refait, P., (2012),"Electrochemical study of the corrosion rate of carbon steel in soil: Evolution with time and determination of residual corrosion rates under cathodic protection",Corrosion Science, 55, 246–253.
  • Benea, L., Bonora, P. L., Borello, A., & Martelli, S., (2001),"Wear corrosion properties of nano-structured SiC-nickel composite coatings obtained by electroplating",Wear, 249,No.10–11, 995–1003.
  • Calhoun, C. M., (1962),"Preliminary Fields Survey of Underground Corrosion",Underground corrosion, cathodic protection, and required field measurements.
  • Chaker, V., & Palmer, J. D., (1989),"Effects of soil characteristics on corrosion".
  • Davis, J. R., (2000),"Nickel, Cobalt, and Their Alloys",ASM International.
  • Davis, J. R., (2001),Surface Engineering for Corrosion and Wear Resistance. Ohio: ASM International.
  • Dennis, J. K., & Such, T. E., (1986),Nickel and Chromium Plating,Butterworth & Jo. England.
  • Fan, X., Wang, J., Zhou, M., Huang, S., Wang, Y., & Dou, P., (2011),"Laboratory soil corrosion test of steel grounding materials",7th Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning, 706–710.
  • Fu, J., Pei, F., Zhu, Z., Tan, Z., Tian, X., Mao, R., & Wang, L., (2013),"Influence of moisture on corrosion behaviour of steel ground rods in mildly desertified soil",Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, 60,No.3, 148–152.
  • G 162 Standard Practice for Conducting and Evaluating Laboratory Corrosions Tests in Soils, (1999),Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1–4.
  • G1-03 Standard Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens, (2011),Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1–9.
  • Montgomery, D. C., Peck, E. A., & Vining, G. G., (2012),Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Nguyen, N., & Wereley, S. T., (2013),"Fundamentals and applications of microfluidics",Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53,No.9, 1689–1699.
  • Paunovic, M., & Schlesinger, M., (2006),Fundamentals of Deposition. United States of America: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Schlesinger, M., & Paunovic, M., (2010),Modern Electroplating. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Smith, C. A., (1981),"Soil in the Corrosion Process",Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, 28,No.2, 4–8.
  • Stansbury, E. E., & Buchanan, R. A., (2000),"Fundamentals of Electrochemical Corrosion - Ele Eugene Stansbury, Robert Angus Buchanan - Google Books",ASM International.
  • Szczygieł, B., & Kołodziej, M., (2005),"Composite Ni/Al2O3 coatings and their corrosion resistance",Electrochimica Acta, 50,No.20, 4188–4195.
  • Underground Corrosion Part 2: Behaviour of Protective Coatings in Soils", (1958),Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, 5,No.2, 45–56.
  • Vaezi, M. R., Sadrnezhaad, S. K., & Nikzad, L., (2008),"Electrodeposition of Ni-SiC nano-composite coatings and evaluation of wear and corrosion resistance and electroplating characteristics",Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 315,No.1–3, 176–182.
  • White, B. S., (1992),"Influence of Humidity on Corrosion Rate",Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, 39,No.8, 1–4.

Nikel Elektro Kaplama ile Toprak Korozyonuna Karşı Koruma

Year 2019, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 776 - 783, 04.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.654944

Abstract

Çeliklerin korozyona uğraması yaygın bir durumdur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, özellikle gömülü çelik borularda kritik olan korozyon hızının nikel elektro kaplama ile azaltılmasıdır. Nikel kaplama, 1.5 A/dm2 ve 4 A/dm2 olmak üzere iki akım yoğunluğunda yapılmıştır. Düşük akım yoğunluğunda (1.5 A/dm2) kaplanan çeliklerin sertlik değerleri yüksek akım yoğunluğunda (4 A/dm2) kaplananlarınkinden daha yüksektir. Elektro kaplanmış ve kaplanmamış numunelerin ikisi de laboratuvarda hazırlanan bir toprak çözeltisinde 624 saat bekletilmiştir. Nikel kaplanmış çeliklerin topraktaki korozyon davranışları literatürde çalışılmamıştır. Hücre potansiyelleri Cu-CuSO4 referans elektrot kullanarak ölçülmüştür. Kaplanmamış ve kaplanmış numunelerin korozyon hızları sırasıyla 5.7 ve 1.4 µm/yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır. Boruları elektro kaplama ve borudan toprağa potansiyelleri yerinde ölçme uygulamaları gelecek çalışmalar için önerilebilir.

References

  • Ahmad, Z., (2006),Principles of Corrosion Engineering and Corrosion Control. Elsevier Ltd. , 1–656.
  • Antunes de Sena, R., Bastos, I. N., & Platt, G., (2012),"Theoretical and Experimental Aspects of the Corrosivity of Simulated Soil Solutions",ISRN Chemical Engineering, 2012, 1–6.
  • Baboian, R., (2005),"Corrosion Tests and Standards: Application and Interpretation",ASTM International.
  • Bahrololoom, M. E., & Sani, R., (2005),"The influence of pulse plating parameters on the hardness and wear resistance of nickel-alumina composite coatings",Surface and Coatings Technology, 192,No.2–3, 154–163.
  • Banovic, S. W., Barmak, K., & Marder, A. R., (1998),"Microstructural Characterization and Hardness of Electrodeposited Nickel Coatings from a Sulphamate Bath",Journal of Materials Science, 33, 639–645.
  • Barbalat, M., Lanarde, L., Caron, D., Meyer, M., Vittonato, J., Castillon, F., Refait, P., (2012),"Electrochemical study of the corrosion rate of carbon steel in soil: Evolution with time and determination of residual corrosion rates under cathodic protection",Corrosion Science, 55, 246–253.
  • Benea, L., Bonora, P. L., Borello, A., & Martelli, S., (2001),"Wear corrosion properties of nano-structured SiC-nickel composite coatings obtained by electroplating",Wear, 249,No.10–11, 995–1003.
  • Calhoun, C. M., (1962),"Preliminary Fields Survey of Underground Corrosion",Underground corrosion, cathodic protection, and required field measurements.
  • Chaker, V., & Palmer, J. D., (1989),"Effects of soil characteristics on corrosion".
  • Davis, J. R., (2000),"Nickel, Cobalt, and Their Alloys",ASM International.
  • Davis, J. R., (2001),Surface Engineering for Corrosion and Wear Resistance. Ohio: ASM International.
  • Dennis, J. K., & Such, T. E., (1986),Nickel and Chromium Plating,Butterworth & Jo. England.
  • Fan, X., Wang, J., Zhou, M., Huang, S., Wang, Y., & Dou, P., (2011),"Laboratory soil corrosion test of steel grounding materials",7th Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning, 706–710.
  • Fu, J., Pei, F., Zhu, Z., Tan, Z., Tian, X., Mao, R., & Wang, L., (2013),"Influence of moisture on corrosion behaviour of steel ground rods in mildly desertified soil",Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, 60,No.3, 148–152.
  • G 162 Standard Practice for Conducting and Evaluating Laboratory Corrosions Tests in Soils, (1999),Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1–4.
  • G1-03 Standard Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens, (2011),Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1–9.
  • Montgomery, D. C., Peck, E. A., & Vining, G. G., (2012),Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Nguyen, N., & Wereley, S. T., (2013),"Fundamentals and applications of microfluidics",Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53,No.9, 1689–1699.
  • Paunovic, M., & Schlesinger, M., (2006),Fundamentals of Deposition. United States of America: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Schlesinger, M., & Paunovic, M., (2010),Modern Electroplating. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Smith, C. A., (1981),"Soil in the Corrosion Process",Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, 28,No.2, 4–8.
  • Stansbury, E. E., & Buchanan, R. A., (2000),"Fundamentals of Electrochemical Corrosion - Ele Eugene Stansbury, Robert Angus Buchanan - Google Books",ASM International.
  • Szczygieł, B., & Kołodziej, M., (2005),"Composite Ni/Al2O3 coatings and their corrosion resistance",Electrochimica Acta, 50,No.20, 4188–4195.
  • Underground Corrosion Part 2: Behaviour of Protective Coatings in Soils", (1958),Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, 5,No.2, 45–56.
  • Vaezi, M. R., Sadrnezhaad, S. K., & Nikzad, L., (2008),"Electrodeposition of Ni-SiC nano-composite coatings and evaluation of wear and corrosion resistance and electroplating characteristics",Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 315,No.1–3, 176–182.
  • White, B. S., (1992),"Influence of Humidity on Corrosion Rate",Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, 39,No.8, 1–4.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ebru Saraloğlu Güler

Publication Date December 4, 2019
Submission Date February 18, 2019
Acceptance Date May 8, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 7 Issue: 4

Cite

IEEE E. Saraloğlu Güler, “SOIL CORROSION PROTECTION BY NICKEL ELECTROPLATING”, KONJES, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 776–783, 2019, doi: 10.36306/konjes.654944.