DETERMINATION OF RESWELLING PROPERTIES AND WATER DIFFUSION MECHANISM OF HYDROGEL COMPOSITES

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 706 - 714, 01.09.2023

Mehmet Yurttadur , Gülcihan Güzel Kaya , Hüseyin Deveci

https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1260903

Abstract

This study focused on acrylamide/N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone chemically cross-linked hydrogel composites. As fillers, sepiolite and alkyl ammonium salt modified sepiolite were used in the preparation of the hydrogel composites. Characterization of the hydrogel composites was carried out with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Swelling of the hydrogel composites as a function of time was investigated with tea-bag method. Reswelling ability of the hydrogel composites was revealed after the three cycles. In the third swelling test, the swelling percentage of the NVP hydrogel was about 1690%. The swelling percentage of the NVP+MSP hydrogel composite increased from approximately 1610% to 1760% after the three repeated swelling tests. The hydrogel composite including modified sepiolite showed higher equilibrium water content (EWC) in the distilled water and at different pHs compared to other samples. The highest EWC value was obtained for the hydrogel composite including modified sepiolite (0.9637) in alkali conditions. Water diffusion mechanism of the hydrogel composites was examined based on the Fickian diffusion index (n). n values of the hydrogel composites were lower than 0.5 which is indication of water diffusion governed by less Fickian diffusion mechanism. The results showed that hydrogel composites can be used in various applications required the reswelling ability and high EWC value.

Keywords

Alkyl Ammonium Salt, Hydrogel, Reswelling Ability, Sepiolite, Water Diffusion Mechanism

References

• A. Maleki, J. He, S. Bochani, V. Nosrati, M.-A. Shahbazi, and B. Guo, "Multifunctional Photoactive Hydrogels for Wound Healing Acceleration," ACS Nano, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 18895-18930, 2021.
• S. Huang et al., "Nanocomposite hydrogels for biomedical applications," Bioengineering & Translational Medicine, vol. 7, no. 3, p. e10315, 2022.
• F. Ullah, M. B. Othman, F. Javed, Z. Ahmad, and H. Md Akil, "Classification, processing and application of hydrogels: A review," Materials Science and Engineering C: Materials for Biological Applications, vol. 57, pp. 414-33, 2015.
• G. Stojkov, Z. Niyazov, F. Picchioni, and R. K. Bose, "Relationship between structure and rheology of hydrogels for various applications," Gels, vol. 7, no. 4, p. 255, 2021.
• E. Caló and V. V. Khutoryanskiy, "Biomedical applications of hydrogels: A review of patents and commercial products," European Polymer Journal, vol. 65, pp. 252-267, 2015.
• P. Sikdar et al., "Recent advances in the synthesis of smart hydrogels," Materials Advances, vol. 2, no. 14, pp. 4532-4573, 2021.
• W. E. Hennink and C. F. van Nostrum, "Novel crosslinking methods to design hydrogels," Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, vol. 64, pp. 223-236, 2012.
• W. Hu, Z. Wang, Y. Xiao, S. Zhang, and J. Wang, "Advances in crosslinking strategies of biomedical hydrogels," Biomaterials Science, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 843-855, 2019.
• S. Bashir et al., "Fundamental concepts of hydrogels: Synthesis, properties, and their applications," Polymers (Basel), vol. 12, no. 11, 2020.
• A. H. Karoyo and L. D. Wilson, "A review on the design and hydration properties of natural polymer-based hydrogels," Materials, vol. 14, no. 5, p. 1095, 2021.
• A. Pourjavadi, S. Barzegar, and G. R. Mahdavinia, "MBA-crosslinked Na-Alg/CMC as a smart full-polysaccharide superabsorbent hydrogels," Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 386-395, 2006.
• U. S. K. Madduma‐Bandarage and S. V. Madihally, "Synthetic hydrogels: Synthesis, novel trends, and applications," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 138, no. 19, p. 50376, 2020.
• W. A. Laftah, S. Hashim, and A. N. Ibrahim, "Polymer hydrogels: A review," Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, vol. 50, no. 14, pp. 1475-1486, 2011.
• P. Thoniyot, M. J. Tan, A. A. Karim, D. J. Young, and X. J. Loh, "Nanoparticle–hydrogel composites: Concept, design, and applications of these promising, multi-functional materials," Advanced Science, vol. 2, no. 1-2, p. 1400010, 2015.
• K. Kabiri, H. Omidian, M. J. Zohuriaan-Mehr, and S. Doroudiani, "Superabsorbent hydrogel composites and nanocomposites: A review," Polymer Composites, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 277-289, 2011.
• S. A. Khan and T. A. Khan, "Clay-hydrogel nanocomposites for adsorptive amputation of environmental contaminants from aqueous phase: A review," Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, vol. 9, no. 4, p. 105575, 2021.
• G. I. Nakas and C. Kaynak, "Use of different alkylammonium salts in clay surface modification for epoxy-based nanocomposites," Polymer Composites, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 357-363, 2009.
• E. Yilmaz, G. Guzel Kaya, and H. Deveci, "Preparation and characterization of pH-sensitive semi-interpenetrating network hybrid hydrogels with sodium humate and kaolin," Applied Clay Science, vol. 162, pp. 311-316, 2018.
• S. Bian et al., "An injectable rapid-adhesion and anti-swelling adhesive hydrogel for hemostasis and wound sealing," Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 32, no. 46, p. 2207741, 2022.
• H. Jiang, N. Bao, J. Tang, and H. Li, "Anomalous mechanical strengthening of nanocomposite hydrogels upon swelling," Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 455, p. 140573, 2023.
• Y. Ding, R. Tang, Y. Feng, M. Yuan, H. Li, and M. Yuan, "Synthesis and characterisation of high resilience collagen-polyacrylamide semi-interpenetrating network hydrogel," Materials Today Communications, vol. 32, p. 103955, 2022.
• Z. E. Ibraeva, A. A. Zhumaly, E. Blagih, and S. E. Kudaibergenov, "Preparation and characterization of organic-inorganic composite materials based on poly(acrylamide) hydrogels and clay minerals," Macromolecular Symposia, vol. 351, no. 1, pp. 97-111, 2015.
• N. Sarkar, G. Sahoo, and S. K. Swain, "Nanoclay sandwiched reduced graphene oxide filled macroporous polyacrylamide-agar hybrid hydrogel as an adsorbent for dye decontamination," Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects, vol. 23, p. 100507, 2020.
• V. D. Mane, N. J. Wahane, and W. B. Gurnule, "Copolymer resin. VII. 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid–thiourea–formaldehyde copolymer resins and their ion-exchange properties," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 111, no. 6, pp. 3039-3049, 2009.
• E. Erizal, T. Tjahyono, P. P. Dian, and D. Darmawan, "Synthesis of polyviniyl pyrrolidone (PVP)/k-carrageenan hydrogel prepared by gamma radiation processing as a function of dose and PVP concentration," Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 41-46, 2013.
• A. Olad, H. Zebhi, D. Salari, A. Mirmohseni, and A. Reyhani Tabar, "Water retention and slow release studies of a salep-based hydrogel nanocomposite reinforced with montmorillonite clay," New Journal of Chemistry, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 2758-2766, 2018.
• Y. Tan et al., "Electric field-induced gradient strength in nanocomposite hydrogel through gradient crosslinking of clay," Journal of Materials Chemistry B, vol. 3, no. 21, pp. 4426-4430, 2015.
• C. Teng, D. Xie, J. Wang, Y. Zhu, and L. Jiang, "A strong, underwater superoleophobic PNIPAM–clay nanocomposite hydrogel," Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 4, no. 33, pp. 12884-12888, 2016.
• D. Shi, X. Zhang, W. Dong, and M. Chen, "Synthesis and biocompatibility of phosphoryl polymer and relationship between biocompatibility and water structure," Polymer Science Series B, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 335-341, 2012.
• T. Çaykara and İ. Ayçiçek, "pH-responsive ionic poly(N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate-co-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) hydrogels: Synthesis and swelling properties," Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, vol. 43, no. 19, pp. 2819-2828, 2005.
• C. Özyürek, T. Çaykara, Ö. Kantoğlu, and O. Güven, "Characterization of network structure of poly(N-vinyl 2-pyrrolidone/acrylic acid) polyelectrolyte hydrogels by swelling measurements," Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, vol. 38, no. 24, pp. 3309-3317, 2000.
• Y. Li et al., "A rapid, non-invasive and non-destructive method for studying swelling behavior and microstructure variations of hydrogels," Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 151, pp. 1251-1260, 2016.
• B. Singh, G. S. Chauhan, D. K. Sharma, A. Kant, I. Gupta, and N. Chauhan, "The release dynamics of model drugs from the psyllium and N-hydroxymethylacrylamide based hydrogels," International Journal of Pharmaceutics, vol. 325, no. 1, pp. 15-25, 2006.
• J. Wang, W. Wu, and Z. Lin, "Kinetics and thermodynamics of the water sorption of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/styrene copolymer hydrogels," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 109, no. 5, pp. 3018-3023, 2008.