PERFORMANCE AND COST ANALYSIS OF HALBACH ARRAYS IN ELECTRODYNAMIC LEVITATION FOR HIGH-SPEED TRANSPORT

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 975 - 990, 01.09.2025

Cemal Karabulut , Enes Yucel , Mehmet Çunkaş

https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1684495

Abstract

This study evaluates the performance and cost implications of rotating Halbach magnet arrays in electrodynamic levitation systems used in high-speed transportation applications such as Maglev and Hyperloop. Four different Halbach configurations (8, 10, 12, and 16 poles) are investigated and compared with a conventional N/S magnet arrangement. Finite Element Method simulations are employed to analyze key parameters including lift force, drag force, torque, and magnetic flux density. In addition, a cost analysis is conducted, considering raw material usage, Ni-Cu-Ni coating requirements, and assembly complexity. The findings indicate that Halbach arrays significantly enhance levitation performance, with higher pole numbers generating stronger lift and magnetic flux. However, they also lead to increased drag force and a reduced lift-to-drag (L/D) ratio, slightly impacting system efficiency. While NdFeB material consumption remains relatively stable across configurations, coating and manufacturing costs rise with increased pole count. Among the examined configurations, the 12-pole Halbach array offers the most balanced trade-off between performance and cost. Specifically, the 12-pole configuration achieves a lift force of 1399.36 N with a corresponding drag force of 332.28 N and an L/D ratio of 4.21, indicating a favorable efficiency-to-cost balance. These results demonstrate that optimized Halbach configuration can reduce the transition speed compared to 8 and 10 pole Hallbach configirations, highlighting their suitability for next-generation high-speed transportation systems. An effective balance between levitation performance and cost depends on the choice of pole configuration, which plays a key role in guiding future high-speed transportation system designs.

Keywords

Electrodynamic Levitation , Halbach Arrays , Maglev Trains , Hyperloop , Transportation Systems

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