THE REMOVAL OF ACID TEXTILE DYES BY ADSORPTION METHOD: OPTIMIZATION, KINETICS, ISOTHERM, AND THERMODYNAMICS

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 4, 1211 - 1231, 01.12.2025

Farabi Temel , Mehmet Türkyılmaz

https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1726544

Abstract

In this study, the removal of Acid Red 337 (AR 337) and Bemacid Red (BR) dyes from aqueous solutions by the synthesized Co or Ni 2-(naphthalen-1-yloxy) acetohydrazide adsorbents (Co or Ni/compound 3 complexes) was investigated. Therefore, 2-(naphthalen-1-yloxy) acetohydrazide was synthesized from 1-naphthol, and the complexation of this compound with Cobalt or Nickel metal was carried out to obtain an adsorbent. The structures of the obtained compounds were characterized by 1H NMR and FT-IR. In further experiments, the batch method was conducted and evaluated based on contact time (1-60 min), pH (3-12), the dosage of Co or Ni organic complexes (0.02-0.2 g/L), and initial dye concentration (15-100 mg/L) regarding removal efficiency. The optimum conditions from the experimental data were obtained as 50 mg/L BR-100 mg/L AR 337 initial concentration, pH 6.7, 25-40 min. contact time, and 0.1 g adsorbent dosage for BR and AR 337 dyes, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained under optimum conditions was calculated as 461.14 and 861.8 mg/g for BR and AR 337, respectively, for a contact time of 40 min. Additionally, the Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherm models, along with the Pseudo-first-order, Pseudo-second-order, Weber-Morris, and Evolvich kinetic models, were applied to the experimentally obtained results under optimal conditions, and the model constants were calculated. When R2 values were evaluated in terms of adsorption kinetics, it was seen that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was a more compatible model for both dyes. Additionally, high correlation coefficients for BR and AR 337 were obtained in Temkin and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models, respectively. Thermodynamic analyses: It was found that the enthalpy change of AR 337 dye (∆Ho<0) was negative and, therefore, exothermic, while the enthalpy change for BR (∆Ho>0) was positive and, therefore, endothermic. The fact that the standard free energy change (│∆Go│>20 kJ/mol) values were negative for both dyes indicates that the adsorption was physical and spontaneous. As a result, the proposed Co or Ni organic complexes were found to be promising in dye removal.

Keywords

Acid Dyes , Adsorption Mechanism , Co or Ni/Organic Complexes

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