Research Article
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Year 2026, Volume: 14 Issue: 1 , 14 - 23 , 30.04.2026
https://izlik.org/JA68UC64ER

Abstract

References

  • [1] H. F. Akız, N. Alemdar, O. Mucuk, T. S¸ ahan, Coverings of internal groupoids and crossed modules in the category of groups with operations, Georgian Math. J., 20(2) (2013), 223-238.
  • [2] N. Alemdar, S. Temel, Group-2-groupoids and 2G-crossed modules, Hacet. J. Math. Stat., 48(5) (2019), 1388-1397.
  • [3] M. Atik, A. Aytekin, E. O¨ . Uslu, Representability of actions in the category of (pre)crossed modules in Leibniz algebras, Comm. Algebra, 45(5) (2017), 1825-1841.
  • [4] A. Aytekin, J. M. Casas, E. O¨ . Uslu, Semi-complete crossed modules of Lie algebras, J. Algebra Appl., 11(5) (2012), 1250096.
  • [5] J. C. Baez, A. S. Crans, Higher-dimensional algebra VI: Lie 2-algebras, Theory Appl. Categ., 12 (2004), 492-528.
  • [6] F. Borceux, G. Janelidze, G. M. Kelly, Internal object actions, Comment. Math. Univ. Carolin., 46(2) (2005), 235-255.
  • [7] F. Borceux, G. Janelidze, G. M. Kelly, On the representability of actions in a semi-abelian category, Theory Appl. Categ., 14(11) (2005), 244-286.
  • [8] Y. Boyacı, J. M. Casas, T. Datuashvili, E. O¨ . Uslu, Actions in modified categories of interest with application to crossed modules, Theory Appl. Categ., 30(25) (2015), 882-908.
  • [9] R. Brown, Topology and Groupoids, BookSurge LLC, North Carolina 2006.
  • [10] R. Brown, C. B. Spencer, G-groupoids, crossed modules and the fundamental groupoid of a topological group, Indagat. Math., 79(4) (1976), 296-302.
  • [11] J. M. Casas, T. Datuashvili, M. Ladra, Actors in categories of interest, arXiv:math/0702574v2, 2007.
  • [12] J. M. Casas, T. Datuashvili, M. Ladra, Actor of a precrossed module, Comm. Algebra, 37 (2009), 4516-4541.
  • [13] J. M. Casas, T. Datuashvili, M. Ladra, Universal strict general actors and actors in categories of interest, Appl. Categ. Struct., 18 (2010), 85-114.
  • [14] T. Datuashvili, T. S¸ ahan, Actions and semi-direct products in categories of groups with action, Hacet. J. Math. Stat., 52(1) (2023), 103-113.
  • [15] T. Datuashvili, T. S¸ ahan, Pentactions and action representability in the category of reduced groups with action, Georgian Math. J., 30(2) (2023), 51-60.
  • [16] N. D. Gilbert, Derivations, automorphisms and crossed modules, Comm. Algebra, 18 (1990), 2703-2734.
  • [17] M. Hall, The Theory of Groups, AMS Chelsea Publishing, New York 1976.
  • [18] S. A. Huq, Commutator, nilpotency, and solvability in categories, Quart. J. Math. Oxford, 19(1) (1968), 363-389.
  • [19] S. Kasangian, S. Mantovani, G. Metere, E. M. Vitale, External derivations of internal groupoids, J. Pure Appl. Algebra, 212 (2008), 175-192.
  • [20] A. Kurosh, The Theory of Groups, AMS Chelsea Publishing, New York 1960.
  • [21] J.-L. Loday, Spaces with finitely many non-trivial homotopy groups, J. Pure Appl. Algebra, 24(2) (1982), 179-202.
  • [22] A. S. T. Lue, Semi-complete crossed modules and holomorphs of groups, Bull. London Math. Soc., 11(1) (1979), 8-16.
  • [23] O. Mucuk, F. Akız, Monodromy groupoid of an internal groupoid in topological groups with operations, Filomat, 29(10) (2015), 2355-2366.
  • [24] O. Mucuk, T. S¸ ahan, Coverings groupoids of categorical groups, Hacet. J. Math. Stat., 42(4) (2013), 419-430.
  • [25] O. Mucuk, T. S¸ ahan, Coverings and crossed modules of topological groups with operations, Turk. J. Math., 38(5) (2014), 833-845.
  • [26] O. Mucuk, B. Kılıc¸arslan, T. S¸ ahan, N. Alemdar, Group-groupoids and monodromy groupoids, Topol. Appl., 158(15) (2011), 2034-2042.
  • [27] O. Mucuk, T. S¸ ahan, Group-groupoid actions and liftings of crossed modules, Georgian Math. J., 26(3) (2019), 437-447.
  • [28] O. Mucuk, T. S¸ ahan, N. Alemdar, Normality and quotients in crossed modules and group-groupoids, Appl. Categ. Struct., 23(3) (2015), 415-428.
  • [29] K. J. Norrie, Actions and automorphisms of crossed modules, Bull. Soc. Math. Fr., 118(2) (1990), 129-146.
  • [30] T. Porter, Extensions, crossed modules and internal categories in categories of groups with operations, Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc., 30(3) (1987), 373-381.
  • [31] T. S¸ ahan, Further remarks on liftings of crossed modules, Hacet. J. Math. Stat., 48(3) (2019), 743-752.
  • [32] W. Scott, Group Theory, Dover Publications, New York 1964.
  • [33] S. Temel, Crossed semimodules and cat1-monoids, Korean J. Math., 27(2) (2019), 535-545.
  • [34] S. Temel, Crossed squares, crossed modules over groupoids and cat1􀀀2-groupoids, Categ. Gen. Algebr. Struct. Appl., 13(1) (2020), 125-142.
  • [35] S. Temel, Further remarks on group-2-groupoids, Appl. Gen. Topol., 22(1) (2021), 31-46.
  • [36] S. Temel, The theory of cat2-groups among higher categorical models, AIMS Mathematics, 11(3) (2026), 6141-6161.
  • [37] S. Temel, T. S¸ ahan, O. Mucuk, Crossed modules, double group-groupoids and crossed squares, Filomat, 34(6) (2020), 1755-1769.
  • [38] J. H. C. Whitehead, On operators in relative homotopy groups, Ann. Math., 49(3) (1948), 610-640.
  • [39] J. H. C. Whitehead, Combinatorial homotopy II, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., 55(5) (1949), 453-496.

Centers, Commutators, and Holomorphs of 2-Groups

Year 2026, Volume: 14 Issue: 1 , 14 - 23 , 30.04.2026
https://izlik.org/JA68UC64ER

Abstract

This paper explores actor structures in group-groupoids, using the Brown-Spencer theorem to establish actors as universal objects and split extension classifiers. We construct the center and commutator subgroup of a group-groupoid, revealing their roles in internal symmetries, and introduce the holomorph as a categorical generalization of the classical holomorph of a group. These results extend group-theoretic concepts to 2-groups, bridging algebra and topology. By connecting actor theory with split extensions and intrinsic algebraic properties, we provide new tools for analyzing symmetries and automorphisms in higher-dimensional algebraic structures.

References

  • [1] H. F. Akız, N. Alemdar, O. Mucuk, T. S¸ ahan, Coverings of internal groupoids and crossed modules in the category of groups with operations, Georgian Math. J., 20(2) (2013), 223-238.
  • [2] N. Alemdar, S. Temel, Group-2-groupoids and 2G-crossed modules, Hacet. J. Math. Stat., 48(5) (2019), 1388-1397.
  • [3] M. Atik, A. Aytekin, E. O¨ . Uslu, Representability of actions in the category of (pre)crossed modules in Leibniz algebras, Comm. Algebra, 45(5) (2017), 1825-1841.
  • [4] A. Aytekin, J. M. Casas, E. O¨ . Uslu, Semi-complete crossed modules of Lie algebras, J. Algebra Appl., 11(5) (2012), 1250096.
  • [5] J. C. Baez, A. S. Crans, Higher-dimensional algebra VI: Lie 2-algebras, Theory Appl. Categ., 12 (2004), 492-528.
  • [6] F. Borceux, G. Janelidze, G. M. Kelly, Internal object actions, Comment. Math. Univ. Carolin., 46(2) (2005), 235-255.
  • [7] F. Borceux, G. Janelidze, G. M. Kelly, On the representability of actions in a semi-abelian category, Theory Appl. Categ., 14(11) (2005), 244-286.
  • [8] Y. Boyacı, J. M. Casas, T. Datuashvili, E. O¨ . Uslu, Actions in modified categories of interest with application to crossed modules, Theory Appl. Categ., 30(25) (2015), 882-908.
  • [9] R. Brown, Topology and Groupoids, BookSurge LLC, North Carolina 2006.
  • [10] R. Brown, C. B. Spencer, G-groupoids, crossed modules and the fundamental groupoid of a topological group, Indagat. Math., 79(4) (1976), 296-302.
  • [11] J. M. Casas, T. Datuashvili, M. Ladra, Actors in categories of interest, arXiv:math/0702574v2, 2007.
  • [12] J. M. Casas, T. Datuashvili, M. Ladra, Actor of a precrossed module, Comm. Algebra, 37 (2009), 4516-4541.
  • [13] J. M. Casas, T. Datuashvili, M. Ladra, Universal strict general actors and actors in categories of interest, Appl. Categ. Struct., 18 (2010), 85-114.
  • [14] T. Datuashvili, T. S¸ ahan, Actions and semi-direct products in categories of groups with action, Hacet. J. Math. Stat., 52(1) (2023), 103-113.
  • [15] T. Datuashvili, T. S¸ ahan, Pentactions and action representability in the category of reduced groups with action, Georgian Math. J., 30(2) (2023), 51-60.
  • [16] N. D. Gilbert, Derivations, automorphisms and crossed modules, Comm. Algebra, 18 (1990), 2703-2734.
  • [17] M. Hall, The Theory of Groups, AMS Chelsea Publishing, New York 1976.
  • [18] S. A. Huq, Commutator, nilpotency, and solvability in categories, Quart. J. Math. Oxford, 19(1) (1968), 363-389.
  • [19] S. Kasangian, S. Mantovani, G. Metere, E. M. Vitale, External derivations of internal groupoids, J. Pure Appl. Algebra, 212 (2008), 175-192.
  • [20] A. Kurosh, The Theory of Groups, AMS Chelsea Publishing, New York 1960.
  • [21] J.-L. Loday, Spaces with finitely many non-trivial homotopy groups, J. Pure Appl. Algebra, 24(2) (1982), 179-202.
  • [22] A. S. T. Lue, Semi-complete crossed modules and holomorphs of groups, Bull. London Math. Soc., 11(1) (1979), 8-16.
  • [23] O. Mucuk, F. Akız, Monodromy groupoid of an internal groupoid in topological groups with operations, Filomat, 29(10) (2015), 2355-2366.
  • [24] O. Mucuk, T. S¸ ahan, Coverings groupoids of categorical groups, Hacet. J. Math. Stat., 42(4) (2013), 419-430.
  • [25] O. Mucuk, T. S¸ ahan, Coverings and crossed modules of topological groups with operations, Turk. J. Math., 38(5) (2014), 833-845.
  • [26] O. Mucuk, B. Kılıc¸arslan, T. S¸ ahan, N. Alemdar, Group-groupoids and monodromy groupoids, Topol. Appl., 158(15) (2011), 2034-2042.
  • [27] O. Mucuk, T. S¸ ahan, Group-groupoid actions and liftings of crossed modules, Georgian Math. J., 26(3) (2019), 437-447.
  • [28] O. Mucuk, T. S¸ ahan, N. Alemdar, Normality and quotients in crossed modules and group-groupoids, Appl. Categ. Struct., 23(3) (2015), 415-428.
  • [29] K. J. Norrie, Actions and automorphisms of crossed modules, Bull. Soc. Math. Fr., 118(2) (1990), 129-146.
  • [30] T. Porter, Extensions, crossed modules and internal categories in categories of groups with operations, Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc., 30(3) (1987), 373-381.
  • [31] T. S¸ ahan, Further remarks on liftings of crossed modules, Hacet. J. Math. Stat., 48(3) (2019), 743-752.
  • [32] W. Scott, Group Theory, Dover Publications, New York 1964.
  • [33] S. Temel, Crossed semimodules and cat1-monoids, Korean J. Math., 27(2) (2019), 535-545.
  • [34] S. Temel, Crossed squares, crossed modules over groupoids and cat1􀀀2-groupoids, Categ. Gen. Algebr. Struct. Appl., 13(1) (2020), 125-142.
  • [35] S. Temel, Further remarks on group-2-groupoids, Appl. Gen. Topol., 22(1) (2021), 31-46.
  • [36] S. Temel, The theory of cat2-groups among higher categorical models, AIMS Mathematics, 11(3) (2026), 6141-6161.
  • [37] S. Temel, T. S¸ ahan, O. Mucuk, Crossed modules, double group-groupoids and crossed squares, Filomat, 34(6) (2020), 1755-1769.
  • [38] J. H. C. Whitehead, On operators in relative homotopy groups, Ann. Math., 49(3) (1948), 610-640.
  • [39] J. H. C. Whitehead, Combinatorial homotopy II, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., 55(5) (1949), 453-496.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Applied Mathematics (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ali Aytekin 0000-0001-7892-6960

Tunçar Şahan 0000-0002-6552-4695

Submission Date January 8, 2026
Acceptance Date March 31, 2026
Publication Date April 30, 2026
IZ https://izlik.org/JA68UC64ER
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 14 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Aytekin, A., & Şahan, T. (2026). Centers, Commutators, and Holomorphs of 2-Groups. Konuralp Journal of Mathematics, 14(1), 14-23. https://izlik.org/JA68UC64ER
AMA 1.Aytekin A, Şahan T. Centers, Commutators, and Holomorphs of 2-Groups. Konuralp J. Math. 2026;14(1):14-23. https://izlik.org/JA68UC64ER
Chicago Aytekin, Ali, and Tunçar Şahan. 2026. “Centers, Commutators, and Holomorphs of 2-Groups”. Konuralp Journal of Mathematics 14 (1): 14-23. https://izlik.org/JA68UC64ER.
EndNote Aytekin A, Şahan T (April 1, 2026) Centers, Commutators, and Holomorphs of 2-Groups. Konuralp Journal of Mathematics 14 1 14–23.
IEEE [1]A. Aytekin and T. Şahan, “Centers, Commutators, and Holomorphs of 2-Groups”, Konuralp J. Math., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 14–23, Apr. 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA68UC64ER
ISNAD Aytekin, Ali - Şahan, Tunçar. “Centers, Commutators, and Holomorphs of 2-Groups”. Konuralp Journal of Mathematics 14/1 (April 1, 2026): 14-23. https://izlik.org/JA68UC64ER.
JAMA 1.Aytekin A, Şahan T. Centers, Commutators, and Holomorphs of 2-Groups. Konuralp J. Math. 2026;14:14–23.
MLA Aytekin, Ali, and Tunçar Şahan. “Centers, Commutators, and Holomorphs of 2-Groups”. Konuralp Journal of Mathematics, vol. 14, no. 1, Apr. 2026, pp. 14-23, https://izlik.org/JA68UC64ER.
Vancouver 1.Ali Aytekin, Tunçar Şahan. Centers, Commutators, and Holomorphs of 2-Groups. Konuralp J. Math. [Internet]. 2026 Apr. 1;14(1):14-23. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA68UC64ER
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