Analysis of Pressure Ulcer Formation Risk of In Different Regions of Human Body

Abstract

Pressure ulcer is defined as the injuries resulted in the areas that are exposed to pressure for a long time in bedridden patients. It is a major problem that threatens these kinds of patients. The major risk factors cause pressure ulcer formations are pressure, temperature, humidity, and wetness.Pressure ulcers can occur in different body regions according to these factors. Therefore,the features of the body region that exposed to the risk factors are also important for pressure ulcer formation since the weight, sweating coefficient, and temperature values of the different parts of the human body vary. The human body can be evaluated in six regions as head, trunk, arm, hand, leg, and feet. In this study, the pressure ulcer formation risks for different body regions were calculated according to varying pressure, skin temperature, and humidity values by an improved formulation. And the pressure ulcer risks changes for the six regions of the body are evaluated.

Keywords

• Pressure Ulcer,Pressure,Temperature,Humidity,Risk of Pressure Ulcer,Body Parts

References

1. [1] NPUAP, “National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel”, http://www.npuap.org/,2017.
2. [2] Reenalda, J., Dynamic sitting to prevent pressure ulcers in spinal cord injured. University of Twente, 2009.
3. [3] Shahin, E. S.,Dassen, T., &Halfens, R. J., Pressure ulcer prevalence and incidence in intensive care patients: a literature review. Nursing in critical care, Vol:13, No.2 (2008), 71-79.
4. [4] Smith, M. B.,Totten, A., Hickam, D. H., Fu, R., Wasson, N.,Rahman, B., and Saha, S., Pressure Ulcer Treatment Strategies A Systematic Comparative Effectiveness Review. Annals of internal medicine,Vol:159, No.1 (2013), 39-50.
5. [5] Coleman, S., Gorecki, C., Nelson, E. A., Closs, S. J., Defloor, T., Halfens, R., and Nixon, J., Patient risk factors for pressure ulcer development: systematic review. International journal of nursing studies, Vol:50, No.7 (2013),974-1003.
6. [6] Matsushita, H., Innovation in health services: technology transfer and diffusion of risk assessment tools for the treatment of pressure ulcer. In Technology Management in the Energy Smart World (PICMET), 2011, Proceedings of PICMET’11: (pp. 1-9). IEEE.
7. [7] Demarr´e, L., Van Lancker, A., Van Hecke, A., Verhaeghe, S., Grypdonck, M., Lemey, J., and Beeckman, D., The cost of prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers: A systematic review. International journal of nursing studies, Vol:52, No.11 (2015, 1754-1774.
8. [8] Marchione, F. G.,Ara´ujo, L. M. Q., &Ara´ujo, L. V., Approaches that use soft ware to support the prevention of pressure ulcer: a systematic review. International journal of medical informatics, Vol:84, No.10 (2015), 725-736.

9. [9] Yousefi, R., Ostadabbas, S., Faezipour, M., Nourani, M., Ng, V.,Tamil, L., and Pompeo, M., A smart bed platform for monitoring & Ulcer prevention. In Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI), 2011 4th International Conference on (Vol. 3, pp. 1362-1366),(2011, October),IEEE.
10. [10] Pereira, T.,Silva, P., Carvalho, H., &Carvalho, M., Textile moisture sensor matrix for monitoring of disabled and bed-rest patients. In EUROCONInternational Conference on Computer as a Tool (EUROCON), 2011 IEEE (pp. 1-4), (2011,April), IEEE.
11. [11] Elfehri, J., Boussu, F., Koncar, V., &Vasseur, C., Novel approach of ulcer prevention based on pressure distribution control algorithm. In Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA), 2011 International Conference on (pp. 265-270),(2011,August), IEEE.
12. [12] Ostadabbas, S., Yousefi, R., Faezipour, M., Nourani, M., &Pompeo, M., Pressure ulcer prevention: An efficient turning schedule for bed-bound patients. In Life Science Systems and Applications Workshop (LiSSA), 2011 IEEE/NIH (pp. 159-162), (2011, April), IEEE.
13. [13] Ostadabbas, S., Yousefi, R., Nourani, M., Faezipour, M., Tamil, L.,and Pompeo, M., A posture scheduling algorithm using constrained shortest path to prevent pressure ulcers. In Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM), 2011 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 327-332),(2011, November),IEEE.
14. [14] Ostadabbas, S., Yousefi, R., Nourani, M., Faezipour, M., Tamil, L., and Pompeo, M. Q., A resource-efficient planning for pressure ulcer prevention. Information Technology in Biomedicine, IEEE Transactions on, Vol:16, No.6,(2012), 1265-1273.
15. [15] Farshbaf, M., Ostadabbas, S., Yousefi, R., Nourani, M., &Pompeo, M., Pressure ulcer monitoring and intervention: A software platform. In Bioinformatics and Biomedicine Workshops (BIBMW), 2011 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 897-898),(2011, November), IEEE.
16. [16] Gefen, Amit., How do microclimate factors affect the risk for superficial pressure ulcers: a mathematical modeling study. Journal of tissue viability, Vol: 20, No.3,(2011),81-88.
17. [17] Demircan, F. O¨ , Yu¨cedag˘, I˙., Toz M., C¸ akıcı , S., &Gedik, S. Basınc¸ u¨lserinin o¨nlenmesinde kullanılmak amacıyla gelis¸tirilen bir maematiksel model. ˙Ileri Teknoloji Bilimleri Dergisi,Vol: 5, No.1.(2016).
18. [18] Mishu, M. C., Dubey, V. N., Hickish, T. F., & Cole, J., Mathematical modelling of different types of body support surface for pressure ulcer prevention. International Journal of Medical, Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, Vol:8, No.5(2014), 209-214.
19. [19] Nadel, E. R.,Mitchell, J. W., &Stolwijk, J. A. J.. Control of localand total sweating during exercise transients. International journal of biometeorology, Vol:15, No.2 (1971), 201-206.
20. [20] Fiala, D.,Lomas, K. J., &Stohrer, M., Computer prediction of human thermoregulatory and temperature responses to a wide range of environmental conditions. International Journal of Biometeorology, Vol:45, No.3,(2001), 143-159.
21. [21] Johnson, A. T., Biomechanics and exercise physiology: quantitative modeling. CRC Press,2007.
22. [22] Candas, V.,Libert, J. P., &Vogt, J. J., Human skin wettedness and evaporative efficiency of sweating. Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol:46, No.3 (1979), 522-528.
23. [23] Djongyang, N., Tchinda, R., and Njomo, D., Thermal comfort: A review paper. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, Vol:14. No.9 (2010), 2626-2640.
24. [24] Holopainen, R., A human thermal model for improved thermal comfort. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2012.
25. [25] Demircan F. O¨ ., Toz M., C¸ akıcı S.,Yu¨cedag ˙I . Basınc¸ U¨ lseri Olus¸um Su¨recinin Matematiksel Olarak Modellenmesi u¨zerine Bir Derleme C¸ alıs¸ması , ASYU AkıllıSistemlerde Yenilikler ve Uygulamalari Sempozyumu,.(2016), 239-244
26. [26] Hirata, A.; Nomura, T.; Laakso, I. Computational estimation of body temperature and sweating in the aged during passive heat exposure. //International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol:89, (2015), pp.154-163.
27. [27] Candas, V.;Libert, J. P.; Vogt, J. J. Human skin wettedness and evaporative efficiency of sweating.// Journal of Applied Physiology,Vol:46, No.3 (1979), pp. 522-528.
28. [28] J.A.J. Stolwijk, Mathematical Model of Physiological Temperature Regulation in Man, 1971. NASA Contractor Reports