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Kırgızistan’ın ‘Renkli’ Devrimi: Demokrasiye Geçiş Mi, Küresel Rekabet Mi?

Year 2007, Issue: 13, 1 - 21, 01.06.2007

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Mart 2005’te meydana gelen Kırgızistan’ın renkli devrimini analiz etmeyi amaçlar. Kırgızistan, kendi jeo-kültürel çevresiyle karşılaştırıldığında, devrim öncesinde, bölgenin en demokratik ülkesi olmasından dolayı; bu devrimi sadece “özgürlük ve demokrasi” retoriğiyle açıklamak yetersiz olacaktır. Bu yüzden; bu çalışma, Kırgız devrimininin, bu ülkedeki demokrasi eksikliğinden ziyade, ABD ve Çin-Rusya arasındaki bölgesel rekabetle ilişkilendirilerek daha iyi anlaşılabileceğini ileri sürmektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışma iki ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. Demokrasi kavramı üzerine kısa bir nottan sonra; birinci bölüm, genel olarak Orta Asya’nın anti-demokratik doğasını yansıtacaktır. İkinci bölümde, Avrasya jeopolitiğinde ABD ile Çin ve Rusya arasındaki rekabet ön plana çıkarılarak, ABD’nin Kırgız devriminde oynadığı rol ile ilgili kanıtlar ortaya konulacaktır. Çalışma, Kırgız devriminin bölgede bir domino etkisi doğurma ihtimallerinin değerlendirildiği bölümle sonlanacaktır

References

  • Agence France-Presse, January 8, 2002.
  • http://www.hrw.org/press/2002/03/karimovprof.htm
  • Akman, A. (2003), “Etnik-Sivil Kuramsal İkileminin Ötesinde: Milliyetçilik Kuramında Et- nik/Sivil Milliyetçilik Karşıtlığı,” Modern Türkiye’de Siyasi Düşünce, [der. Tanıl Bora ve Gökhan Gültekingil (2003) İstanbul: İletişim Yay., Cilt. 4, ] içinde.
  • Anderson, J. (1997a), “Elections and Political Development in Central Asia”, Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, vol. 13, no. 4 (December 1997), ss. 28–53.
  • Anderson, J. (1997b),“Constitutional Development in Central Asia”, Central Asian Survey, vol. 16, no. 3 (September 1997), ss. 301–20.
  • Anderson, J. (1999),“Island of Democracy? The Politics of Independence”, [(ed.), John Anderson (1999), Kyrgyzstan: Central Asia’s Island of Democracy? (Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam] içinde, ss. 23–63.
  • Bingöl, Y. (1998), “Turkey’s Policy toward Post-Soviet Central Asia: Opportunities and Chal- lenges,” Research Institute for International and European Studies (RIIES), Research Paper, no. 47, May 1998.
  • Bingöl, Y. (2004), “Nationalism and Democracy in Post-Communist Central Asia”, Asian Eth- nicity, vol. 5, no., 1, February 2004, ss. 43-60.
  • Dahl, R. (1971), Polyarchy; Participation and Opposition, New Haven: Yale University Press
  • Dawisha, K. ve Parrot, B. (1994), Russia and the New States of Eurasia, Cambridge: Cam- bridge University Press.
  • Enginsoy, Ü. (2005).“Kırgızistan Dersleri”, NTV Haber, 28 Mart 2005, ayrıca http://www.ntv.com.tr/news/315774.asp#BODY, adresinden ulaşılabilir.
  • Fierman, W. (1997), “Political Development in Uzbekistan: Democratization?” [(eds.), Karen Dawisha ve Bruce Parrot (1997), Conflict, Cleavage, and Change in Central Asia and Cau- casus, (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge] içinde.
  • Gellner, E. (1983), Nations and Nationalism, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
  • Olcott, M. B. (1997), “Democratization and the Growth of Political Participation”, [(eds.), Karen Dawisha ve Bruce Parrot (1997), Conflict, Cleavage, and Change in Central Asia and Caucasus (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997] içinde.
  • Pannier, B. (2000), “Central Asia: Elections Fail Democracy Test”, RFE/RL, Prague, March 31, 2000, www.rferl.org.
  • Parrot, B. (1997), “Perspectives on Post-Communist Democratization”, [(eds.), Karen Dawi- sha ve Bruce Parrot, (1997), Conflict, Cleavage, and Change in Central Asia and Cauca- sus, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press] içinde.
  • Peters, A. (2005),“US Money and Personnel Behind Kyrgyzstan’s ‘Tulip Revolution’” World Socialist Web Site, March 28, 2005. www.wsws.org adresinden ulaşılabilir.
  • Peterson, S. (2000), “Oasis of Democracy Shrinks”, Christian Science Monitor, vol. 92, no. 246 (November 13, 2000), ss. 7–10.
  • Ros-Lehtinen, I. (2001), “Free Speech in Central Asia”, House International Relations, FDCH Congressional Testimony, 18 July 2001, EBSCO Academic Search Premier Data- base’den onLine ulaşılabilir.
  • Schmitter, P. C. ve Karl, T. L., (1995), “Demokrasi Nedir Ne Değildir,” [(eds.) Larry Diamond ve Marc F. Plattner (1995), Demokrasi’nin Küresel Yükselişi (Çev. Levent Gönenç Ankara: Yetkin Yayınları] içinde, ss. 67-81.
  • Shukrulla M. (1992), “I Did Not Want the Republic to Be Split in Two”, Nezavisimaya Ga- zeta, July 9, 1992, FBIS-USR-92-070’da yeniden basım, 10 June 1992.
  • Talbott, S. (1994), “Promoting Democracy and Prosperity in Central Asia”, US Department of State Dispatch, vol. 5, no. 19 (May 9, 1994), ss. 280–2.
  • Treacher, A. (1996), “Political Evolution in Post-Soviet Central Asia”, Democratization, 3:3 (Autumn 1996), ss. 306-327.
  • “US Continues to Promote Human Rights, Democracy in Central Asia, June 27, 2002”, State Department's Lorne Craner at June 27 Senate Hearing, 27 June 2002. http://www.usembassy.it/file2002_06/alia/a2062702.htm
  • Reuters, (2002), “Uzbek Vote Shows Democracy a Rarity in Central Asia”, January 28, 2002

The ‘Colorful’ Revolution of Kyrgyzstan: Democratic Transition or Global Competition?

Year 2007, Issue: 13, 1 - 21, 01.06.2007

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the reasons behind the recent revolution
taken place in Kyrgyzstan. It argues that explaining the revolution through just the
rhetoric of “democracy and freedom” needs to be reassessed, as comparing with its
geo-cultural environment; Kyrgyzstan had been the most democratic of Central
Asian republics. Thus, the paper argues that global competition between US and
China-Russia should seriously be taken under consideration as a landmark reason behind
the Kyrgyz revolution. In this regard, the paper will consist of two main parts.
After an introductory remark, the first part will explore the undemocratic nature of
Central Asian Turkic Republics in general. The second part will deal with the confrontational
competition between US and China-Russia on the Eurasian geo-politics and provide the evidence showing Washington’s meddling in the Kyrgyz revolution.
The paper will end with a concluding remark on the possibilities of domino effect of
the Kyrgyz revolution in the region.

References

  • Agence France-Presse, January 8, 2002.
  • http://www.hrw.org/press/2002/03/karimovprof.htm
  • Akman, A. (2003), “Etnik-Sivil Kuramsal İkileminin Ötesinde: Milliyetçilik Kuramında Et- nik/Sivil Milliyetçilik Karşıtlığı,” Modern Türkiye’de Siyasi Düşünce, [der. Tanıl Bora ve Gökhan Gültekingil (2003) İstanbul: İletişim Yay., Cilt. 4, ] içinde.
  • Anderson, J. (1997a), “Elections and Political Development in Central Asia”, Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, vol. 13, no. 4 (December 1997), ss. 28–53.
  • Anderson, J. (1997b),“Constitutional Development in Central Asia”, Central Asian Survey, vol. 16, no. 3 (September 1997), ss. 301–20.
  • Anderson, J. (1999),“Island of Democracy? The Politics of Independence”, [(ed.), John Anderson (1999), Kyrgyzstan: Central Asia’s Island of Democracy? (Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam] içinde, ss. 23–63.
  • Bingöl, Y. (1998), “Turkey’s Policy toward Post-Soviet Central Asia: Opportunities and Chal- lenges,” Research Institute for International and European Studies (RIIES), Research Paper, no. 47, May 1998.
  • Bingöl, Y. (2004), “Nationalism and Democracy in Post-Communist Central Asia”, Asian Eth- nicity, vol. 5, no., 1, February 2004, ss. 43-60.
  • Dahl, R. (1971), Polyarchy; Participation and Opposition, New Haven: Yale University Press
  • Dawisha, K. ve Parrot, B. (1994), Russia and the New States of Eurasia, Cambridge: Cam- bridge University Press.
  • Enginsoy, Ü. (2005).“Kırgızistan Dersleri”, NTV Haber, 28 Mart 2005, ayrıca http://www.ntv.com.tr/news/315774.asp#BODY, adresinden ulaşılabilir.
  • Fierman, W. (1997), “Political Development in Uzbekistan: Democratization?” [(eds.), Karen Dawisha ve Bruce Parrot (1997), Conflict, Cleavage, and Change in Central Asia and Cau- casus, (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge] içinde.
  • Gellner, E. (1983), Nations and Nationalism, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
  • Olcott, M. B. (1997), “Democratization and the Growth of Political Participation”, [(eds.), Karen Dawisha ve Bruce Parrot (1997), Conflict, Cleavage, and Change in Central Asia and Caucasus (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997] içinde.
  • Pannier, B. (2000), “Central Asia: Elections Fail Democracy Test”, RFE/RL, Prague, March 31, 2000, www.rferl.org.
  • Parrot, B. (1997), “Perspectives on Post-Communist Democratization”, [(eds.), Karen Dawi- sha ve Bruce Parrot, (1997), Conflict, Cleavage, and Change in Central Asia and Cauca- sus, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press] içinde.
  • Peters, A. (2005),“US Money and Personnel Behind Kyrgyzstan’s ‘Tulip Revolution’” World Socialist Web Site, March 28, 2005. www.wsws.org adresinden ulaşılabilir.
  • Peterson, S. (2000), “Oasis of Democracy Shrinks”, Christian Science Monitor, vol. 92, no. 246 (November 13, 2000), ss. 7–10.
  • Ros-Lehtinen, I. (2001), “Free Speech in Central Asia”, House International Relations, FDCH Congressional Testimony, 18 July 2001, EBSCO Academic Search Premier Data- base’den onLine ulaşılabilir.
  • Schmitter, P. C. ve Karl, T. L., (1995), “Demokrasi Nedir Ne Değildir,” [(eds.) Larry Diamond ve Marc F. Plattner (1995), Demokrasi’nin Küresel Yükselişi (Çev. Levent Gönenç Ankara: Yetkin Yayınları] içinde, ss. 67-81.
  • Shukrulla M. (1992), “I Did Not Want the Republic to Be Split in Two”, Nezavisimaya Ga- zeta, July 9, 1992, FBIS-USR-92-070’da yeniden basım, 10 June 1992.
  • Talbott, S. (1994), “Promoting Democracy and Prosperity in Central Asia”, US Department of State Dispatch, vol. 5, no. 19 (May 9, 1994), ss. 280–2.
  • Treacher, A. (1996), “Political Evolution in Post-Soviet Central Asia”, Democratization, 3:3 (Autumn 1996), ss. 306-327.
  • “US Continues to Promote Human Rights, Democracy in Central Asia, June 27, 2002”, State Department's Lorne Craner at June 27 Senate Hearing, 27 June 2002. http://www.usembassy.it/file2002_06/alia/a2062702.htm
  • Reuters, (2002), “Uzbek Vote Shows Democracy a Rarity in Central Asia”, January 28, 2002
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA56GP42MP
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Yılmaz Bingöl This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2007
Published in Issue Year 2007 Issue: 13

Cite

APA Bingöl, Y. (2007). Kırgızistan’ın ‘Renkli’ Devrimi: Demokrasiye Geçiş Mi, Küresel Rekabet Mi?. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(13), 1-21.

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