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Determinants of Uneployment in Turkey

Year 2017, Issue: 33, 1 - 18, 30.06.2017

Abstract

The unemployment remains at to be one of main problems in the world economics in today. Many countries try to deal with this matter. Economic factors such as growth, crisis, trade liberalization, foreign direct investment, labor market regulations and politics choices of countries can cause unemployment. The aim of this study to investigate the factors that may give rise to unemployment and its unemploment effects since experienced structural transformation in Turkey-1980. In the study, it is used VAR Analysis. In this period, relevant data is obtained from TUIK and World Bank databases. According to results from analysis, economic crises is the most important reason in the increasing unemployment in Turkey. Respectively, minimum wages, unionization rate and productivity are the other considerable factors in the rising unemployment. It is not found that population and gross national product is the decreasing uneployment effects.

References

  • Aktar, İ. Öztürk, L. (2009). “Can Unemployment Be Cured By Economic Growth and Foreign Direct Investment in Turkey?”. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 27: 203-211.
  • Arslan, M., Zaman, R. (2014). “Unemployment and Its Determinants: A Study of Pakistan Economy (1999-2010)”. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(13): 20-24. http://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEDS/ article/view/14263/ 14571,11/04/2016.
  • Baccaro, L., Rei, D. (2005). Institutional Determinants of Unemployment in OECD Countries: A Time Series Cross-Section Analysis (1960-98). International Institute for Labour Studies. https://unige.ch/sciences-societe/socio/files/4014/0533/ 6061/d25.pdf, 12/11/2015.
  • Bakare, A. S. (2011). “The Determinants of Urban Unemployment Crisis in Nigeria: An Econometric Analysis”. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS), 2(3): 184-192. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/ messages/downloadsexceeded.html, 23/11/2016.
  • Barışık, S., Çevik, E., İ. (2008). "Yapısal Kırılma Testleri ile Türkiye'de İşsizlik Histerisinin Analizi: 1923-2006 Dönemi". KMU İİBF Dergisi, 10(14). http://earsiv.kmu.edu.tr/bitstream/handle/11492/386/Yap%C4%B1sal%20K%C4%B1r%C4%B1lma%20Testleri%20%C4%B0le%20T%C3%BCrkiye%E2%80%99de%20%C4%B0%C5%9Fsizlik%20Histerisinin%20Analizi%201923-.pdf?sequence=1&is Allowed=y,07/11/2016.
  • Bassaini, A. , Duval, R. (2006). “The Determinants of Unemployment Across OECD Countries: Reassessing The Role of Policies an Institutions”. OECD Economic Studies, 42: 7-86. https://www.oecd.org/eco/labour/38697056.pdf, 05/10/2014.
  • Bilgin, M., H. (2004). “Döviz Kuru İşsizlik İlişkisi: Türkiye Üzerine Bir İnceleme”. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(2): 80-94, http://kosbed .kocaeli.edu.tr/sayi8/bilgin.pdf, 26/10/2016.
  • Cheema, A., Atta, A. (2014). “Economic Determinants of Unemployment in Pakistan: Co-integration Analysis”. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(3): 209-221. http://ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol_5_No_3_March_2014/ 26.pdf, 22/09/2016.
  • Chowdhury, M. S.R., Hossain, T. (2014). “Determinants of Unemployment in Bangladesh: A Case Study”. Developing Country Studies, 4(3): 16-20. http://www.iiste.org /Journals/index.php/DCS/article/view/10876, 22/11/2016.
  • ÇSGB (2015). Ulusal İstihdam Stratejisi, (2014-2023). http://www.uis.gov.tr/media/ 1370/uis-2014-2023.pdf, 03/09/2016.
  • Eita, J., Ashipala, J. (2010). “Determinants of Unemployment in Namibia”. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(10): 92-104. http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijbm, 18/12/2016.
  • Gatti, D., Vaubourg, A. (2010). The Financial Determinants of Unemployment: Do They Interact with Labor Market Institutions. http://congres.afse.fr/docs/779612 gatti_vaubourg_avril08.pdf, 12/02/2016.
  • Göktaş, A., İşçi, Ö. (2010). “Türkiye’de İşsizlik Oranının Temel Bileşenli Regresyon Analizi İle Belirlenmesi”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 14(20): 279-294.
  • Gur, Betül. (2015). “An Analysis of Unemployment Determinants in BRIC Countries”.International Journal of Business and Social Science, 6(1): 192-198.
  • ILO (2016). World Employment and Social Outlook – Trends. http://www.ilo.org /wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/publ/documents/publication /wcms_443480.pdf, 12/10/2016.
  • Kabaklarlı, E., Perihan, H. E., Buluş, A. (2011). Economic Determinants of Turkish Youth Unemployment Problem: Co-integration Analysis.http://kastoria.teikoz.gr /icoae2/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/028.pdf, 10/11/2015.
  • Maqbool, M., Mahmood, T., Sattar, A., Bhalli, M.N. (2013). “Determinants of Unemployment Empirical Evidences from Pakistan”. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 51(2): 191-207. http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/pesr/PDF-FILES/5%20MAQBOOL%20Determinants%20of%20Unemployment_V51_No2_Winter2013.pdf, 12/10/2016.
  • Nickell S., Nunziata, L. vd. (2005).”Unemployment in the OECD Since the 1960s. What Do We Know?”. The Economic Journal, 115 (500): 1-27. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2004.00958.x/abstract; jsessionid=412F9181F8D70FEB62E0C1819C4BC986.f03t03, 17/12/2016.
  • Oniore, J., Bernard, A., Gyang, E. (2015). “Macroeconomic Determinants of Unemployment in Nigeria”. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3(10): 215-230. http://ijecm.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/ 31014.pdf, 08/11/2016.
  • Peker, O., Bölükbaş, M. (2012). “Türkiye’de İşsizliği Belirleyen Faktörlerin Ampirik Bir Analizi”. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 26(3-4): 33-43.
  • Selim, S., Kırgel, D., Çelik, O., Yazıcıoğlu, H., (2014). "Türkiye'de İşsizliğin Sosyo-Ekonomik Belirleyicileri: Panel Veri Analizi". Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 10(22), http://www.ijmeb.org/index.php/zkesbe/article/view/ 484/pdf_1, 27/09/2016.
  • Sims, Christopher A. (1980). “Macroeconomics and Reality”. Econometrica, 48(1): 1-48. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1912017, 19/11/2016.
  • Stock James H,. Mark W. Watson (2001). “Vector Autoregressions”. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15(4): 101–115. http://hassler-j.iies.su.se/courses/macroII/Papers/ StockWatsonJEP.pdf, 19/12/2016.
  • Subramaniam, T., Baharumshah, A. (2011). “Determinants of Unemployment in the Philippines”. The Empirical Economics Letters, 10(2):1248-1257. http://repository.um.edu.my/15898/1/11_110718_EELTHIRU_Malaysia_Subramaniam_Published_Paper%5B1%5D.pdf, 01/10/2016.
  • Şahbudak, E., Şahin D. (2016). "Türkiye'de İşsizliğin Belirleyicileri Üzerine Ampirik Bir Analiz". Kesit Akademi Dergisi, 3, 85-96, http://www.kesitakademi.com/ Makaleler/1385694255_31%20ERCAN%20%C5%9EAHBUDAK.pdf, 12/12/2016.
  • Şahin, D. (2016). “Determinants Of Unemployment: Empirical Analysis For China”. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(22):50-58. http://www.asosjournal.com/ Makaleler/171798412_985%20Dilek%20%C5%9EAH%C4%B0N.pdf, 27/09/2016.
  • Tarı, Recep (2008). Ekonometri. İstanbul: Avcı Ofset. Gözden Geçirilmiş 5. Baskı.
  • Taşçi, H. M., Darici, B. (2010). “Türkiye’de Eksik İstihdamın Belirleyenleri HIA İle Bir Mikro Veri Uygulaması”. Maliye Dergisi, 158: 278-300.
  • Thayaparan, A. (2014). “Impact of Inflation and Economic Growth on Unemployment in Sri Lanka: A Study of Time Series Analysis”. Global Journal of Management and Business Research: Economics and Commerce, 13(5): 45-54. https://globaljournals.org/GJMBR_Volume14/5-Impact-of-Inflation-and-Economic.pdf, 12/12/2016. TUİK, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, www.tuik.gov.tr_ 12/10/2016.
  • Tunali, H. (2010). “The Analysis of Unemployment in Turkey: Some Empirical Evidence Using Co-integration Test”. European Journal of Social Sciences, 18(1): 18-38. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285934054_The_Analysis_of_Unemployment_in_Turkey_Some_Empirical_Evidence_Using_Co-integration_Test, 07/11/2016.
  • Uysal, D., Alptekin, V., (2009). "Türkiye Ekonomisinde Büyüme – İşsizlik İlişkisinin VAR Modeli Yardımıyla Sınanması (1980 – 2007)". Dumpupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 25, 69:78. https://birimler.dpu.edu.tr/app/views/panel/ ckfinder/userfiles/17/files/DERG_/25/69-78.pdf,
  • Yılmaz, Ö., G. (2005). “Türkiye Ekonomisinde Büyüme İle İşsizlik Oranları Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi”. Ekonometri ve İstatistik, 2, 63-76. http://eidergisi.istanbul.edu.tr/sayi2/iueis2m4.pdf, 23/10/216.

Türkiye’de İşsizliğin Belirleyicileri

Year 2017, Issue: 33, 1 - 18, 30.06.2017

Abstract

İşsizlik günümüzde dünya ekonomilerinde ana problemlerden biri olarak kalmaya devam etmektedir. Birçok ülke bu problemle başa çıkmaya çalışmaktadır. Büyüme, kriz, ticari serbestleşme, doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları gibi ekonomik faktörler, işgücü piyasası düzenlemeleri ve ülkelerin politik tercihleri işsizliğe neden olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de yapısal dönüşümün yaşandığı 1980’den beri işsizliğe yol açabilen faktörleri ve bunların işsizlik etkilerini incelemektir. Çalışmada VAR analizi kullanılmıştır. Bu döneme ilişkin veriler TÜİK ve Dünya Bankası veri tabanlarından elde edilmiştir. Analizden elde edilen sonuçlara göre Türkiye’de artan işsizliğin en önemli nedeni ekonomik krizlerdir. Sırasıyla, asgari ücretler, sendikalaşma oranı ve verimlilik, işsizliğin artmasında etkili olan diğer faktörlerdir. Nüfus ve Gayrisafi Yurtiçi hâsılanın ise işsizlik azaltıcı herhangi bir etkisi bulunmamıştır.

References

  • Aktar, İ. Öztürk, L. (2009). “Can Unemployment Be Cured By Economic Growth and Foreign Direct Investment in Turkey?”. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 27: 203-211.
  • Arslan, M., Zaman, R. (2014). “Unemployment and Its Determinants: A Study of Pakistan Economy (1999-2010)”. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(13): 20-24. http://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEDS/ article/view/14263/ 14571,11/04/2016.
  • Baccaro, L., Rei, D. (2005). Institutional Determinants of Unemployment in OECD Countries: A Time Series Cross-Section Analysis (1960-98). International Institute for Labour Studies. https://unige.ch/sciences-societe/socio/files/4014/0533/ 6061/d25.pdf, 12/11/2015.
  • Bakare, A. S. (2011). “The Determinants of Urban Unemployment Crisis in Nigeria: An Econometric Analysis”. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS), 2(3): 184-192. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/ messages/downloadsexceeded.html, 23/11/2016.
  • Barışık, S., Çevik, E., İ. (2008). "Yapısal Kırılma Testleri ile Türkiye'de İşsizlik Histerisinin Analizi: 1923-2006 Dönemi". KMU İİBF Dergisi, 10(14). http://earsiv.kmu.edu.tr/bitstream/handle/11492/386/Yap%C4%B1sal%20K%C4%B1r%C4%B1lma%20Testleri%20%C4%B0le%20T%C3%BCrkiye%E2%80%99de%20%C4%B0%C5%9Fsizlik%20Histerisinin%20Analizi%201923-.pdf?sequence=1&is Allowed=y,07/11/2016.
  • Bassaini, A. , Duval, R. (2006). “The Determinants of Unemployment Across OECD Countries: Reassessing The Role of Policies an Institutions”. OECD Economic Studies, 42: 7-86. https://www.oecd.org/eco/labour/38697056.pdf, 05/10/2014.
  • Bilgin, M., H. (2004). “Döviz Kuru İşsizlik İlişkisi: Türkiye Üzerine Bir İnceleme”. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(2): 80-94, http://kosbed .kocaeli.edu.tr/sayi8/bilgin.pdf, 26/10/2016.
  • Cheema, A., Atta, A. (2014). “Economic Determinants of Unemployment in Pakistan: Co-integration Analysis”. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(3): 209-221. http://ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol_5_No_3_March_2014/ 26.pdf, 22/09/2016.
  • Chowdhury, M. S.R., Hossain, T. (2014). “Determinants of Unemployment in Bangladesh: A Case Study”. Developing Country Studies, 4(3): 16-20. http://www.iiste.org /Journals/index.php/DCS/article/view/10876, 22/11/2016.
  • ÇSGB (2015). Ulusal İstihdam Stratejisi, (2014-2023). http://www.uis.gov.tr/media/ 1370/uis-2014-2023.pdf, 03/09/2016.
  • Eita, J., Ashipala, J. (2010). “Determinants of Unemployment in Namibia”. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(10): 92-104. http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijbm, 18/12/2016.
  • Gatti, D., Vaubourg, A. (2010). The Financial Determinants of Unemployment: Do They Interact with Labor Market Institutions. http://congres.afse.fr/docs/779612 gatti_vaubourg_avril08.pdf, 12/02/2016.
  • Göktaş, A., İşçi, Ö. (2010). “Türkiye’de İşsizlik Oranının Temel Bileşenli Regresyon Analizi İle Belirlenmesi”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 14(20): 279-294.
  • Gur, Betül. (2015). “An Analysis of Unemployment Determinants in BRIC Countries”.International Journal of Business and Social Science, 6(1): 192-198.
  • ILO (2016). World Employment and Social Outlook – Trends. http://www.ilo.org /wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/publ/documents/publication /wcms_443480.pdf, 12/10/2016.
  • Kabaklarlı, E., Perihan, H. E., Buluş, A. (2011). Economic Determinants of Turkish Youth Unemployment Problem: Co-integration Analysis.http://kastoria.teikoz.gr /icoae2/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/028.pdf, 10/11/2015.
  • Maqbool, M., Mahmood, T., Sattar, A., Bhalli, M.N. (2013). “Determinants of Unemployment Empirical Evidences from Pakistan”. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 51(2): 191-207. http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/pesr/PDF-FILES/5%20MAQBOOL%20Determinants%20of%20Unemployment_V51_No2_Winter2013.pdf, 12/10/2016.
  • Nickell S., Nunziata, L. vd. (2005).”Unemployment in the OECD Since the 1960s. What Do We Know?”. The Economic Journal, 115 (500): 1-27. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2004.00958.x/abstract; jsessionid=412F9181F8D70FEB62E0C1819C4BC986.f03t03, 17/12/2016.
  • Oniore, J., Bernard, A., Gyang, E. (2015). “Macroeconomic Determinants of Unemployment in Nigeria”. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3(10): 215-230. http://ijecm.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/ 31014.pdf, 08/11/2016.
  • Peker, O., Bölükbaş, M. (2012). “Türkiye’de İşsizliği Belirleyen Faktörlerin Ampirik Bir Analizi”. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 26(3-4): 33-43.
  • Selim, S., Kırgel, D., Çelik, O., Yazıcıoğlu, H., (2014). "Türkiye'de İşsizliğin Sosyo-Ekonomik Belirleyicileri: Panel Veri Analizi". Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 10(22), http://www.ijmeb.org/index.php/zkesbe/article/view/ 484/pdf_1, 27/09/2016.
  • Sims, Christopher A. (1980). “Macroeconomics and Reality”. Econometrica, 48(1): 1-48. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1912017, 19/11/2016.
  • Stock James H,. Mark W. Watson (2001). “Vector Autoregressions”. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15(4): 101–115. http://hassler-j.iies.su.se/courses/macroII/Papers/ StockWatsonJEP.pdf, 19/12/2016.
  • Subramaniam, T., Baharumshah, A. (2011). “Determinants of Unemployment in the Philippines”. The Empirical Economics Letters, 10(2):1248-1257. http://repository.um.edu.my/15898/1/11_110718_EELTHIRU_Malaysia_Subramaniam_Published_Paper%5B1%5D.pdf, 01/10/2016.
  • Şahbudak, E., Şahin D. (2016). "Türkiye'de İşsizliğin Belirleyicileri Üzerine Ampirik Bir Analiz". Kesit Akademi Dergisi, 3, 85-96, http://www.kesitakademi.com/ Makaleler/1385694255_31%20ERCAN%20%C5%9EAHBUDAK.pdf, 12/12/2016.
  • Şahin, D. (2016). “Determinants Of Unemployment: Empirical Analysis For China”. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(22):50-58. http://www.asosjournal.com/ Makaleler/171798412_985%20Dilek%20%C5%9EAH%C4%B0N.pdf, 27/09/2016.
  • Tarı, Recep (2008). Ekonometri. İstanbul: Avcı Ofset. Gözden Geçirilmiş 5. Baskı.
  • Taşçi, H. M., Darici, B. (2010). “Türkiye’de Eksik İstihdamın Belirleyenleri HIA İle Bir Mikro Veri Uygulaması”. Maliye Dergisi, 158: 278-300.
  • Thayaparan, A. (2014). “Impact of Inflation and Economic Growth on Unemployment in Sri Lanka: A Study of Time Series Analysis”. Global Journal of Management and Business Research: Economics and Commerce, 13(5): 45-54. https://globaljournals.org/GJMBR_Volume14/5-Impact-of-Inflation-and-Economic.pdf, 12/12/2016. TUİK, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, www.tuik.gov.tr_ 12/10/2016.
  • Tunali, H. (2010). “The Analysis of Unemployment in Turkey: Some Empirical Evidence Using Co-integration Test”. European Journal of Social Sciences, 18(1): 18-38. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285934054_The_Analysis_of_Unemployment_in_Turkey_Some_Empirical_Evidence_Using_Co-integration_Test, 07/11/2016.
  • Uysal, D., Alptekin, V., (2009). "Türkiye Ekonomisinde Büyüme – İşsizlik İlişkisinin VAR Modeli Yardımıyla Sınanması (1980 – 2007)". Dumpupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 25, 69:78. https://birimler.dpu.edu.tr/app/views/panel/ ckfinder/userfiles/17/files/DERG_/25/69-78.pdf,
  • Yılmaz, Ö., G. (2005). “Türkiye Ekonomisinde Büyüme İle İşsizlik Oranları Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi”. Ekonometri ve İstatistik, 2, 63-76. http://eidergisi.istanbul.edu.tr/sayi2/iueis2m4.pdf, 23/10/216.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Recep Tarı

Harun Bakkal This is me

Publication Date June 30, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Issue: 33

Cite

APA Tarı, R., & Bakkal, H. (2017). Türkiye’de İşsizliğin Belirleyicileri. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(33), 1-18.

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