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Efficiency Analysis With Desirable and Undesirable Outputs: Example of Food Industry Firms of Kocaeli Province

Year 2017, Issue: 34, 1 - 18, 31.12.2017

Abstract

At the beginning of the needs that humans need to meet in order to survive, comes the need for food. This need's having continuity, on the one hand, and the difficulties in reaching the products that meet this need on the other hand, make the food industry one of the most strategic sectors in the manufacturing industry. Therefore, the existence of a food industry producing at high efficiency levels is of great importance in meeting the food supply of the country. However, by focusing only on economic efficiency, production structures that ignore undesirable outputs such as solid wastes, wastewater or emissions can destroy environmental elements and endanger the sustainability of the system. In this study, efficiency levels of food industry firms operating in Kocaeli province were tested both economically and environmentally with the help of data envelopment analysis. According to the findings of the study, the fact that undesirable outputs are not included in the efficiency analysis reveals distorted and misleading results and disrupts the efficiency order of the units.

References

  • Ali, A.I., Lerme Catherine S., L.M. Seiford (1995). “Components of Efficiency Evaluation in Data Envelopment Analysis”. European Journal Of Operational Research, 80 (2): 462-473.
  • Amirtemoori, Alireza, Sohrab Kordrostami, Maryam Sarparast (2006). “Modeling Undesirable Factors In Data Envelopment Analysis”. Applied Mathematics And Computation, 180.
  • Banker, R. D., A. Charnes, W.W. Cooper (1984). “Some Models For Estimating Technical And Scale Inefficiency In Data Envelopment Analysis”. Insttitute For Operations Research And The Management Science, 30 (9).
  • Boussofiane, A., R.G. Dyson, E. Thanassoulis (1991). “Applied Data Envelopment Analysis”. European Journal Of Operational Research, 52.
  • Bulu, Melih, İ. Hakkı Eraslan, Mehmet Barca (2007). “Türk Gıda Sektörünün Uluslararası Rekabetçilik Düzeyinin Analizi”. Afyon Kocatepe Dergisi, IX (1): 311-335.
  • Bursa Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası (2015). Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Sektör Raporu ve Yerel Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Stratejisi. Bursa: BTSO.
  • Charnes, A., W.W. Cooper, E. Rhodes (1978). “Measuring The Efficiencyof Desicion-Making Units”. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6).
  • Chung, Y. H., R. Fare, S. Grosskopf (1997). “ Productivity And Undesirable Outputs: A Directional Distance Function Approach”. Journal Of Enviromental Management, 51.
  • Cooper, W., L.M. Seiford, K. Tone (2007). Data Envelopment Analysis: A Comprehensive Text With Models, Referances and Dea-Solver Software. New York: Springer Science + Business Media.
  • Cooper, W., L.M. Seiford, Joe Zhu (2011). “Data Envelopment Analysis History, Models, and Interpretations” in: Ed. Cooper, W., L.M. Seiford, Joe Zhu. Handbook on Data Envelopment Analysis. New York: Springer Science + Business Media, 7-13.
  • Ekşi, Aziz (1992). “Türkiye’de Gıda Sanayiinin Durumu ve Geleceği”. Gıda, 17 (1): 3-6.
  • Emrouznejad, Ali, Barnet R. Parker, Gabriel Tavares (2008). “ Evaluation of Research In Efficiency And Productivity: A Survey And Analysis Of The First 30 Years Of Scholarly Literature In DEA”. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 42.
  • Emrouznejad, Ali, Guo-liang Yang (2016). “A Framework For Measuring Global Malmquist-Luenberg Productivity Index With CO2 Emissions On Chinese Manufacturing Industries”. Energy, 155.
  • Färe R, Grosskopf S, Lovell CAK and Pasurka C (1989). “Multilateral Productivity Comparisons When Some Outputs Are Undesirable: A Nonparametric Approach”. Rev Econ Statist 71: 90-98.
  • Fare R., S. Grosskopf (2004). “Modeling Undesirable Factors In Efficiency Evaluation: Comment” European Journal Of Operational Research, 157. Forsund, Finn R., Nikias Sarafoglou (2002). “On The Origins Of Data Envelopment Analysis”. Journal Of Productivity Anlaysis, 17: 23-40.
  • Gomes, E.G. , Lins M.P.E. (2007). “Modelling Undesirable Outputs With Zero Sum Gains Data Envelopment Analysis Models”. Journal Of The Operational Research Society 59: 616-623.
  • Holger Scheel (2001). “Undesirable Outputs In Efficiency Valuations”. European Journal Of Operational Research, 132.
  • Hua, Z., Bian Y. (2007). DEA with undesirable factors. In: Ed. Zhu J and Cook WD. Modeling Data Irregularities and Structural This Complexities in Data Envelopment Analysis. Boston, MA: Springer Science, 103-121.
  • Keskin, Filiz. Bayram Ali Eşiyok (2013). TR72 Bölgesi( Kayseri, Sivas, Yozgat) Gıda Sektörüne Yönelik İmalat Sanayi Raporu. Ankara: Türkiye Kalkınma Bankası A.Ş. Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Müdürlüğü.
  • Lewis H. F., Sexton T. R. (1999). “ Data Envelopment Analysis With Reverse Inputs”. North America Productivity Workshop, Union College, Schenectady, NY
  • Lovell, C.A.K, Pastor, J.T., Tuner, J.A. (1995). “Measuring Macroeconomic Performance In The OECD: A Comparison Of Europena And Non-European Countries”. European Journal Of Operational Research, 87.
  • Lu, W.M., Lo S.F. (2007a). “A Benchmark-learning Roadmap For Regional Sustainable Development In China”. Journal Of Operational Research Society 58: 841-849.
  • Lu, W.M., Lo S.F. (2007b). A Closer Look at the Economic Environmental Disparities For Regional Development in China”. European Journal Operational Research 183: 882-894.
  • Pan, Sheng-Chieh, Shiao-Yen Liu, Chia-Jui Peng, Po-Chin Wu (2010). “Another Method To Deal With Undesirable Outputs In Data Envelopment Analysis”. The Empirical Economics Letters, 9 (10).
  • Ray, Subhash C. (2004). Data Envelopment Analysis Theory And Tchniques For Economics And Operations Research. New York: Cambridge University Press. Reinhard, S., C.A.K. Lovel, G. Thijssen (1999). “Econometric Estimation Of Technical And Enviromenal Efficiency: An Application To Dutch Dairy Farms”. American Journal Of Agricultural Economics, 81.
  • Seiford, L.M. (1994). “A DEA Bibliography 1978–1992”. in: Ed. A. Charnes,W.W. Cooper, A. Lewin, and L. Seiford. Data Envelopment Analysis: Theory, Methodology, and Application. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 437–70.
  • Seiford, L.M., Zhu J. (2002). “Modeling undesirable factors in efficiency evaluation”. European Journal Operational Research 142: 16-20.
  • Seiford, L.M., Joe Zhu (2005). “A Response To Comments On Modeling Undesirable Factors In Efficiency Evaluation”. European Journal Of Operational Research, 161.
  • Tavares, G., (2002). A Bibliography of Data Envelopment Analysis (1978-2001), Rutger Research Report, Rutgers University. Tone, Kaoru, Miki Tsutsi (2011). “Applying An Efficiency Measure Of Desirable And Undesirable Outputs In DEA To U.S. Electric Utilities”. Journal Of Centrum Cathedra, 4 (2).
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2015) NACE Rev.2- Altılı Ekonomik Faaliyet Sınıflaması, Ankara: TÜİK. 4366.
  • Tyteca, D. (1996). “On The Measurement Of The Environmental Performance Of Firms—A Literature Review And A Productivity Efficiency Perspective”. J Environ Mngt 46: 281–308.
  • Yang, Hongliang, Michael Pollitt (2007). “Incorporating Both Undesirable Outputs And Uncontrollable Variables Into DEA: The Performance Of Chinese Coal-Fired Power Plants”.
  • You, S., H. Yan (2011). “A New Approach In Modelling Undesirable Output In DEA Model”. Journal Of Operationa Researc Society, 62.

İstenen ve İstenmeyen Çıktılarla Etkinlik Analizi: Kocaeli Gıda Sanayii Firmaları Örneği

Year 2017, Issue: 34, 1 - 18, 31.12.2017

Abstract

İnsanoğlunun yaşamını devam ettirebilmesi için karşılamak zorunda olduğu ihtiyaçların başında gıda gereksinimi gelmektedir. Bu ihtiyacın bir yandan süreklilik taşıyor olması, diğer yandan da bu ihtiyacı karşılayan ürünlere ulaşmada karşılaşılan zorluklar, gıda sanayiini imalat sanayi içerisinde en stratejik sektörlerden biri konumuna taşımaktadır. Dolayısıyla yüksek etkinlik düzeylerinde üretim yapan bir gıda sanayinin varlığı, ülkenin gıda arzını karşılamada büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ancak yalnızca iktisadi etkinliğe odaklanarak katı atıklar, atık sular ya da emisyonlar gibi istenmeyen çıktıları görmezden gelen üretim yapıları çevresel unsurları tahrip etmekte ve sistemin sürdürülebilirliğini tehlikeye sokabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Kocaeli ilinde faaliyette bulunan gıda sanayi firmalarının etkinlik düzeyleri, veri zarflama analizi yardımıyla hem iktisadi hem de çevresel olarak test edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre istenmeyen çıktıların analize dahil edilmemesi sapmalı ve yanıltıcı sonuçlar ortaya koymakta ve birimlerin etkinlik sıralamalarını bozmaktadır.

References

  • Ali, A.I., Lerme Catherine S., L.M. Seiford (1995). “Components of Efficiency Evaluation in Data Envelopment Analysis”. European Journal Of Operational Research, 80 (2): 462-473.
  • Amirtemoori, Alireza, Sohrab Kordrostami, Maryam Sarparast (2006). “Modeling Undesirable Factors In Data Envelopment Analysis”. Applied Mathematics And Computation, 180.
  • Banker, R. D., A. Charnes, W.W. Cooper (1984). “Some Models For Estimating Technical And Scale Inefficiency In Data Envelopment Analysis”. Insttitute For Operations Research And The Management Science, 30 (9).
  • Boussofiane, A., R.G. Dyson, E. Thanassoulis (1991). “Applied Data Envelopment Analysis”. European Journal Of Operational Research, 52.
  • Bulu, Melih, İ. Hakkı Eraslan, Mehmet Barca (2007). “Türk Gıda Sektörünün Uluslararası Rekabetçilik Düzeyinin Analizi”. Afyon Kocatepe Dergisi, IX (1): 311-335.
  • Bursa Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası (2015). Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Sektör Raporu ve Yerel Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Stratejisi. Bursa: BTSO.
  • Charnes, A., W.W. Cooper, E. Rhodes (1978). “Measuring The Efficiencyof Desicion-Making Units”. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6).
  • Chung, Y. H., R. Fare, S. Grosskopf (1997). “ Productivity And Undesirable Outputs: A Directional Distance Function Approach”. Journal Of Enviromental Management, 51.
  • Cooper, W., L.M. Seiford, K. Tone (2007). Data Envelopment Analysis: A Comprehensive Text With Models, Referances and Dea-Solver Software. New York: Springer Science + Business Media.
  • Cooper, W., L.M. Seiford, Joe Zhu (2011). “Data Envelopment Analysis History, Models, and Interpretations” in: Ed. Cooper, W., L.M. Seiford, Joe Zhu. Handbook on Data Envelopment Analysis. New York: Springer Science + Business Media, 7-13.
  • Ekşi, Aziz (1992). “Türkiye’de Gıda Sanayiinin Durumu ve Geleceği”. Gıda, 17 (1): 3-6.
  • Emrouznejad, Ali, Barnet R. Parker, Gabriel Tavares (2008). “ Evaluation of Research In Efficiency And Productivity: A Survey And Analysis Of The First 30 Years Of Scholarly Literature In DEA”. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 42.
  • Emrouznejad, Ali, Guo-liang Yang (2016). “A Framework For Measuring Global Malmquist-Luenberg Productivity Index With CO2 Emissions On Chinese Manufacturing Industries”. Energy, 155.
  • Färe R, Grosskopf S, Lovell CAK and Pasurka C (1989). “Multilateral Productivity Comparisons When Some Outputs Are Undesirable: A Nonparametric Approach”. Rev Econ Statist 71: 90-98.
  • Fare R., S. Grosskopf (2004). “Modeling Undesirable Factors In Efficiency Evaluation: Comment” European Journal Of Operational Research, 157. Forsund, Finn R., Nikias Sarafoglou (2002). “On The Origins Of Data Envelopment Analysis”. Journal Of Productivity Anlaysis, 17: 23-40.
  • Gomes, E.G. , Lins M.P.E. (2007). “Modelling Undesirable Outputs With Zero Sum Gains Data Envelopment Analysis Models”. Journal Of The Operational Research Society 59: 616-623.
  • Holger Scheel (2001). “Undesirable Outputs In Efficiency Valuations”. European Journal Of Operational Research, 132.
  • Hua, Z., Bian Y. (2007). DEA with undesirable factors. In: Ed. Zhu J and Cook WD. Modeling Data Irregularities and Structural This Complexities in Data Envelopment Analysis. Boston, MA: Springer Science, 103-121.
  • Keskin, Filiz. Bayram Ali Eşiyok (2013). TR72 Bölgesi( Kayseri, Sivas, Yozgat) Gıda Sektörüne Yönelik İmalat Sanayi Raporu. Ankara: Türkiye Kalkınma Bankası A.Ş. Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Müdürlüğü.
  • Lewis H. F., Sexton T. R. (1999). “ Data Envelopment Analysis With Reverse Inputs”. North America Productivity Workshop, Union College, Schenectady, NY
  • Lovell, C.A.K, Pastor, J.T., Tuner, J.A. (1995). “Measuring Macroeconomic Performance In The OECD: A Comparison Of Europena And Non-European Countries”. European Journal Of Operational Research, 87.
  • Lu, W.M., Lo S.F. (2007a). “A Benchmark-learning Roadmap For Regional Sustainable Development In China”. Journal Of Operational Research Society 58: 841-849.
  • Lu, W.M., Lo S.F. (2007b). A Closer Look at the Economic Environmental Disparities For Regional Development in China”. European Journal Operational Research 183: 882-894.
  • Pan, Sheng-Chieh, Shiao-Yen Liu, Chia-Jui Peng, Po-Chin Wu (2010). “Another Method To Deal With Undesirable Outputs In Data Envelopment Analysis”. The Empirical Economics Letters, 9 (10).
  • Ray, Subhash C. (2004). Data Envelopment Analysis Theory And Tchniques For Economics And Operations Research. New York: Cambridge University Press. Reinhard, S., C.A.K. Lovel, G. Thijssen (1999). “Econometric Estimation Of Technical And Enviromenal Efficiency: An Application To Dutch Dairy Farms”. American Journal Of Agricultural Economics, 81.
  • Seiford, L.M. (1994). “A DEA Bibliography 1978–1992”. in: Ed. A. Charnes,W.W. Cooper, A. Lewin, and L. Seiford. Data Envelopment Analysis: Theory, Methodology, and Application. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 437–70.
  • Seiford, L.M., Zhu J. (2002). “Modeling undesirable factors in efficiency evaluation”. European Journal Operational Research 142: 16-20.
  • Seiford, L.M., Joe Zhu (2005). “A Response To Comments On Modeling Undesirable Factors In Efficiency Evaluation”. European Journal Of Operational Research, 161.
  • Tavares, G., (2002). A Bibliography of Data Envelopment Analysis (1978-2001), Rutger Research Report, Rutgers University. Tone, Kaoru, Miki Tsutsi (2011). “Applying An Efficiency Measure Of Desirable And Undesirable Outputs In DEA To U.S. Electric Utilities”. Journal Of Centrum Cathedra, 4 (2).
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2015) NACE Rev.2- Altılı Ekonomik Faaliyet Sınıflaması, Ankara: TÜİK. 4366.
  • Tyteca, D. (1996). “On The Measurement Of The Environmental Performance Of Firms—A Literature Review And A Productivity Efficiency Perspective”. J Environ Mngt 46: 281–308.
  • Yang, Hongliang, Michael Pollitt (2007). “Incorporating Both Undesirable Outputs And Uncontrollable Variables Into DEA: The Performance Of Chinese Coal-Fired Power Plants”.
  • You, S., H. Yan (2011). “A New Approach In Modelling Undesirable Output In DEA Model”. Journal Of Operationa Researc Society, 62.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Recep Tarı

Faruk Sezer

Publication Date December 31, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Issue: 34

Cite

APA Tarı, R., & Sezer, F. (2017). İstenen ve İstenmeyen Çıktılarla Etkinlik Analizi: Kocaeli Gıda Sanayii Firmaları Örneği. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(34), 1-18.

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