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Yaşam Boyu Kariyer Gelişimi: Üst Düzey Kadın Yöneticilerin Kariyer Planlarına Yönelik Nitel Bir Araştırma

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 1 - 23, 28.06.2021

Abstract

Bu araştırmada üst düzey kadın yöneticilerin geleceğe yönelik kariyer hedeflerinin ve bu hedefleri belirlemelerinde etkili olan faktörlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gömülü teori desenindeki bu araştırmaya kuramsal örnekleme yoluyla ulaşılan, çeşitli sektörlerde üst düzey yöneticilik pozisyonlarında bir süre görev yapmış veya hâlen görevini sürdürmekte olan 21 kadın yönetici katılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde sürekli karşılaştırmalı analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre katılımcıların üç farklı kariyer hedefinin bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunlar; farklı kariyer seçenekleri, emeklilik planları ve kurumun devamlılığına katkı sağlamadır. Katılımcılar, kariyer hedeflerini belirlerken konfor alanı algısı, iş dünyasının değişken yapısı, aile, kendini tanıma, doygunluk hissi, yaş ve kariyer basamaklarının yapısı olmak üzere yedi farklı faktörü dikkate aldıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Bu sonuçlar ilgili literatür çerçevesinde tartışılarak bazı öneriler sunulmuştur.

References

  • Adams, G. A. (1999). Career-related variables and planned retirement age: An extension of Beehr’s Model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55, 221-235. doi: 10.1006/jvbe.1998.1679
  • Anafarta, N. (2001). Orta düzey yöneticilerin kariyer planlamasına bireysel perspektif. Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 1(2), 1-17.
  • Bardwick, J. M. (1980). The season’s of a woman’s life. In D. McGuigan (Ed.), Women lives: New theory, research and policy (s. 35–55). Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan.
  • Beehr, T. A. (1986). The process of retirement: A review and recommendations for future investigation. Personnel Psychology, 39, 31–55.
  • Birt, L., Scott, S., Cavers, D., Campbell, C., & Walter, F. (2016). Member checking: A tool to enhance trustworthiness or merely a nod to validation? Qualitative Health Research, 26(13), 1802-1811. doi: 10.1177/1049732316654870
  • Bown-Wilson, D., & Parry, E. (2013). Career progression in older managers. Employee Relations, 35(3), 309-321. doi: 10.1108/01425451311320495
  • Brown, L. R. (2020). Diversity management, career planning, and career advancement for women (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Walden University, Minnesota.
  • Burke, R. J., & Mattis, M. C. (2005). Advancing women’s careers: small wins but unfinished business. In R. J. Burke & M. C. Mattis (Ed.), Supporting women’s career advancement challanges and opportunities (s. 1-12). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Campbell, M., & Campbell-Whatley, G. D. (2020). Strategies and barriers: Career advancement for women administrators. Journal of Applied Educational and Policy Research, 5(1), 1-16.
  • Cook, E. P., Heppner, M. J., & O'Brien, K. M. (2002). Career development of women of color and white women: Assumptions, conceptualization, and interventions from an ecological perspective. The Career Development Quarterly, 50, 291-305. doi: 10.1002/j.2161-0045.2002.tb00574.x
  • Ely, R. J., Ibarra, H., & Kolb, D. M. (2011). Taking gender into account: Theory and design for women’s leadership development programs. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 10(3), 474-493. doi: 10.5465/amle.2010.0046
  • Evans, L. A. (2009). Success strategies of high achieving women: A qualitative phenomenological investigation (Unpublished dissertation). Pepperdine University, California, USA.
  • Ference, T. P., Stoner, J. A. F., & Warren, E. K. (1977). Managing the career plateau. Academy of Management Review, 2, 602-612.
  • Francis, V. (2017). What influences professional women’s career advancement in construction? Construction Management and Economics, 35(5), 254-275. doi: 10.1080/01446193.2016.1277026
  • Ghorbani, N., & Watson, P. J. (2004). Two facets of self-knowledge, the Five-Factor Model, and promotions among Iranian managers. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 32(8), 769-776.
  • Glaser, B. G. (1965).The constant comparative method of qualitative analysis. Social Problems, 12(4), 436-445. doi: 10.2307/798843
  • Glaser, B. G. (2002). Conceptualization: On theory and theorizing using grounded theory. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 1(2), 23-38.
  • Glaser, B. G., & Holton, J. (2004). Remodeling grounded theory. Forum: Qualtitaive Social Research, 5(2), 1-22.
  • Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2006). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. London: Aldine Transaction.
  • Hawk, P. A. (1995). Lessons from the top: Fifteen women who have made it share their stroies. Annual Women in Leadership Conference, Lincoln, Nebraska.
  • Hayden, J., Cottrell, R., Green, L., Ames, E., & Ramsey, D. (2008). Professional development in retirement: The top rung on the career ladder. Health Promotion Practice, 9(3), 232-236. doi: 10.1177/1524839908319166
  • Hertig, C. A., Powell, K., & Richardson, C. (2020). Career Planning. In S. J. Davies & L. J. Fennelly (Eds.), The professional protection officer (pp. 499–503). Oxford: Elsevier. doi:10.1016/b978- 0-12-817748-8.00045-6 Jogulu, U., & Wood, G. (2011). Women managers’ career progression: An Asia Pacific perspective. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 26(8), 590-603. doi: 10.1108/17542411111183893
  • Jyrkinen, M. (2014). Women managers, careers and gendered ageism. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 30(2), 175-185. doi: 10.1016/j.scaman.2013.07.002
  • Kaya, Ş. D., & Küçükşen, K. (2016). Kadın yönetici akademisyenlerin bireysel kariyer planlama süreçlerinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik nitel bir çalışma. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(2), 2441-2453.
  • Lee, J., & Cheon, B. Y. (2009) Career aspirations of women in corporate management: The case of South Korea. Asian Journal of Women's Studies, 15(3), 60-80. doi: 10.1080/12259276.2009.11666073
  • Leung, A. S. M., & Clegg, S. R. (2001). The career motivation of female executives in the Hong Kong public sector. Women in Management Review, 16(1), 12-20.
  • Liu, S. (2013). A few good women at the top: The China case. Business Horizons, 56, 483-490. doi: 10.1016/j.bushor.2013.04.002
  • Livingstone, D. W., Pollock, K. & Raykov, M. (2014). Family binds and glass ceilings: Women managers’ promotion limits in an ‘knowledge economy’. Critical Sociology, 42(1), 1-22. doi: 10.1177/0896920514532663
  • Mary-Wentling, R. (2003). The career development and aspirations of women in middle management-revisited. Women in Management Review, 18(6), 311-324. doi: 10.1108/09649420310491486
  • Mathur-Helm, B. (2002). Expatriate women managers: At the crossroads of success, challenges and career goals. Women in Management Review, 17(1), 18-28. doi: 10.1108/09649420210416813
  • Negiz, N., & Yemen, A. (2011). Kamu örgütlerinde kadın yöneticiler: Yönetici ve çalışan açısından yönetimde kadın sorunsalı. SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 24, 195- 214.
  • Niles, S. G., & Harris-Bowlsbey, J. (2013). 21. yüzyılda kariyer gelişimi müdahaleleri (Çev. Ed. F. Korkut-Owen). Ankara: Nobel Akademi.
  • Olson, P. D., Zuiker, V. S., Danes, S. M., Stafford, K., Heck, R. K., & Duncan, K. A. (2003). The impact of the family and the business on family business sustainability. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(5), 639–666. doi:10.1016/s0883-9026(03)00014-4
  • Omair, K. (2009). Typology of career development for Arab women managers in the United Arab Emirates. Career Development International, 15(2), 121-143. doi: 10.1108/1362043101104093
  • Peus, C., Braun, S., & Knipfer, K. (2015). On becoming a leader in Asia and America: Empirical evidence from women managers. The Leadership Quarterly, 26, 55-67. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.08.004
  • Pringle, J. K., & Gold, U. O. C. (1989). How useful is career planning for today’s managers? Journal of Management Development, 8(3), 21-26. doi: 10.1108/EUM0000000001347
  • Rosser, S. V. (2016). Are perceived differences for junior and senior women because of struggle to balance career and family? London: Palgrave Macmillian.
  • Schulz, D. (2013). A perspective on female executives’ experiences with career planning and advancement in organizations (Unpublished dissertation). University of Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
  • Schulz, D., & Enslin, C. (2014). The female executive’s perspective on experiences with career planning and advancement in organizations. The Change, 3(1), 57-67.
  • Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu. (2012). Kurumsal yönetim ilkelerinin belirlenmesine ve uygulanmasına ilişkin tebliğ. Erişim: 28.10.2019 tarihinde https://www.spk.gov.tr/Duyuru/Goster/20120211/0 adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Siyez, D. M. (2013). Kariyer gelişimi kuramlarını anlama ve uygulama. F. Korkut Owen (Ed.), 21. yüzyılda kariyer gelişimi müdahaleleri (s. 42-93). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık. Super, D. E. (1980). A life-span, life-space approach to career development. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 16, 282-298.
  • Tavşancıl, E., & Aslan, A.E. (2001). Sözel, yazılı ve diğer materyaller için içerik analizi ve uygulama örnekleri. İstanbul: Epsilon Yayıncılık.
  • Terjesen, S. (2005). Senior women managers’ transition to entrepreneurship: Leveraging embedded career capital. Career Development International, 10(3), 246-259.
  • TÜİK (2017). İstatistiklerle kadın araştırması raporu. Erişim: 23.12.2018 tarihinde http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do;jsessionid=1T1ncfYTdFVpLK4xYwdB8 MLVQtXMQpN4hTLqBG2Fw399X2Y3WcbJ!453501102?id=27594 adresinden erişilmiştir. Urquhart, C. (2018). Nitel araştırmalar için temellendirilmiş kuram uygulama rehberi (Çev. Z. Ünlü & E. Külekçi). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • West, J. P. (2017). Career planning, development, and management. London: Routledge.
  • Wichert, I. (2011). Where have all senior women gone? Nine critical job assignments for women leaders. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (10. bs.). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Zikic, J., & Klehe, U. (2006). Job loss as a blessing in disguise: The role of career exploration and career planning in predicting reemployment quality. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69(3), 391-401.
Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 1 - 23, 28.06.2021

Abstract

References

  • Adams, G. A. (1999). Career-related variables and planned retirement age: An extension of Beehr’s Model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55, 221-235. doi: 10.1006/jvbe.1998.1679
  • Anafarta, N. (2001). Orta düzey yöneticilerin kariyer planlamasına bireysel perspektif. Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 1(2), 1-17.
  • Bardwick, J. M. (1980). The season’s of a woman’s life. In D. McGuigan (Ed.), Women lives: New theory, research and policy (s. 35–55). Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan.
  • Beehr, T. A. (1986). The process of retirement: A review and recommendations for future investigation. Personnel Psychology, 39, 31–55.
  • Birt, L., Scott, S., Cavers, D., Campbell, C., & Walter, F. (2016). Member checking: A tool to enhance trustworthiness or merely a nod to validation? Qualitative Health Research, 26(13), 1802-1811. doi: 10.1177/1049732316654870
  • Bown-Wilson, D., & Parry, E. (2013). Career progression in older managers. Employee Relations, 35(3), 309-321. doi: 10.1108/01425451311320495
  • Brown, L. R. (2020). Diversity management, career planning, and career advancement for women (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Walden University, Minnesota.
  • Burke, R. J., & Mattis, M. C. (2005). Advancing women’s careers: small wins but unfinished business. In R. J. Burke & M. C. Mattis (Ed.), Supporting women’s career advancement challanges and opportunities (s. 1-12). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Campbell, M., & Campbell-Whatley, G. D. (2020). Strategies and barriers: Career advancement for women administrators. Journal of Applied Educational and Policy Research, 5(1), 1-16.
  • Cook, E. P., Heppner, M. J., & O'Brien, K. M. (2002). Career development of women of color and white women: Assumptions, conceptualization, and interventions from an ecological perspective. The Career Development Quarterly, 50, 291-305. doi: 10.1002/j.2161-0045.2002.tb00574.x
  • Ely, R. J., Ibarra, H., & Kolb, D. M. (2011). Taking gender into account: Theory and design for women’s leadership development programs. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 10(3), 474-493. doi: 10.5465/amle.2010.0046
  • Evans, L. A. (2009). Success strategies of high achieving women: A qualitative phenomenological investigation (Unpublished dissertation). Pepperdine University, California, USA.
  • Ference, T. P., Stoner, J. A. F., & Warren, E. K. (1977). Managing the career plateau. Academy of Management Review, 2, 602-612.
  • Francis, V. (2017). What influences professional women’s career advancement in construction? Construction Management and Economics, 35(5), 254-275. doi: 10.1080/01446193.2016.1277026
  • Ghorbani, N., & Watson, P. J. (2004). Two facets of self-knowledge, the Five-Factor Model, and promotions among Iranian managers. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 32(8), 769-776.
  • Glaser, B. G. (1965).The constant comparative method of qualitative analysis. Social Problems, 12(4), 436-445. doi: 10.2307/798843
  • Glaser, B. G. (2002). Conceptualization: On theory and theorizing using grounded theory. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 1(2), 23-38.
  • Glaser, B. G., & Holton, J. (2004). Remodeling grounded theory. Forum: Qualtitaive Social Research, 5(2), 1-22.
  • Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2006). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. London: Aldine Transaction.
  • Hawk, P. A. (1995). Lessons from the top: Fifteen women who have made it share their stroies. Annual Women in Leadership Conference, Lincoln, Nebraska.
  • Hayden, J., Cottrell, R., Green, L., Ames, E., & Ramsey, D. (2008). Professional development in retirement: The top rung on the career ladder. Health Promotion Practice, 9(3), 232-236. doi: 10.1177/1524839908319166
  • Hertig, C. A., Powell, K., & Richardson, C. (2020). Career Planning. In S. J. Davies & L. J. Fennelly (Eds.), The professional protection officer (pp. 499–503). Oxford: Elsevier. doi:10.1016/b978- 0-12-817748-8.00045-6 Jogulu, U., & Wood, G. (2011). Women managers’ career progression: An Asia Pacific perspective. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 26(8), 590-603. doi: 10.1108/17542411111183893
  • Jyrkinen, M. (2014). Women managers, careers and gendered ageism. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 30(2), 175-185. doi: 10.1016/j.scaman.2013.07.002
  • Kaya, Ş. D., & Küçükşen, K. (2016). Kadın yönetici akademisyenlerin bireysel kariyer planlama süreçlerinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik nitel bir çalışma. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(2), 2441-2453.
  • Lee, J., & Cheon, B. Y. (2009) Career aspirations of women in corporate management: The case of South Korea. Asian Journal of Women's Studies, 15(3), 60-80. doi: 10.1080/12259276.2009.11666073
  • Leung, A. S. M., & Clegg, S. R. (2001). The career motivation of female executives in the Hong Kong public sector. Women in Management Review, 16(1), 12-20.
  • Liu, S. (2013). A few good women at the top: The China case. Business Horizons, 56, 483-490. doi: 10.1016/j.bushor.2013.04.002
  • Livingstone, D. W., Pollock, K. & Raykov, M. (2014). Family binds and glass ceilings: Women managers’ promotion limits in an ‘knowledge economy’. Critical Sociology, 42(1), 1-22. doi: 10.1177/0896920514532663
  • Mary-Wentling, R. (2003). The career development and aspirations of women in middle management-revisited. Women in Management Review, 18(6), 311-324. doi: 10.1108/09649420310491486
  • Mathur-Helm, B. (2002). Expatriate women managers: At the crossroads of success, challenges and career goals. Women in Management Review, 17(1), 18-28. doi: 10.1108/09649420210416813
  • Negiz, N., & Yemen, A. (2011). Kamu örgütlerinde kadın yöneticiler: Yönetici ve çalışan açısından yönetimde kadın sorunsalı. SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 24, 195- 214.
  • Niles, S. G., & Harris-Bowlsbey, J. (2013). 21. yüzyılda kariyer gelişimi müdahaleleri (Çev. Ed. F. Korkut-Owen). Ankara: Nobel Akademi.
  • Olson, P. D., Zuiker, V. S., Danes, S. M., Stafford, K., Heck, R. K., & Duncan, K. A. (2003). The impact of the family and the business on family business sustainability. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(5), 639–666. doi:10.1016/s0883-9026(03)00014-4
  • Omair, K. (2009). Typology of career development for Arab women managers in the United Arab Emirates. Career Development International, 15(2), 121-143. doi: 10.1108/1362043101104093
  • Peus, C., Braun, S., & Knipfer, K. (2015). On becoming a leader in Asia and America: Empirical evidence from women managers. The Leadership Quarterly, 26, 55-67. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.08.004
  • Pringle, J. K., & Gold, U. O. C. (1989). How useful is career planning for today’s managers? Journal of Management Development, 8(3), 21-26. doi: 10.1108/EUM0000000001347
  • Rosser, S. V. (2016). Are perceived differences for junior and senior women because of struggle to balance career and family? London: Palgrave Macmillian.
  • Schulz, D. (2013). A perspective on female executives’ experiences with career planning and advancement in organizations (Unpublished dissertation). University of Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
  • Schulz, D., & Enslin, C. (2014). The female executive’s perspective on experiences with career planning and advancement in organizations. The Change, 3(1), 57-67.
  • Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu. (2012). Kurumsal yönetim ilkelerinin belirlenmesine ve uygulanmasına ilişkin tebliğ. Erişim: 28.10.2019 tarihinde https://www.spk.gov.tr/Duyuru/Goster/20120211/0 adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Siyez, D. M. (2013). Kariyer gelişimi kuramlarını anlama ve uygulama. F. Korkut Owen (Ed.), 21. yüzyılda kariyer gelişimi müdahaleleri (s. 42-93). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık. Super, D. E. (1980). A life-span, life-space approach to career development. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 16, 282-298.
  • Tavşancıl, E., & Aslan, A.E. (2001). Sözel, yazılı ve diğer materyaller için içerik analizi ve uygulama örnekleri. İstanbul: Epsilon Yayıncılık.
  • Terjesen, S. (2005). Senior women managers’ transition to entrepreneurship: Leveraging embedded career capital. Career Development International, 10(3), 246-259.
  • TÜİK (2017). İstatistiklerle kadın araştırması raporu. Erişim: 23.12.2018 tarihinde http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do;jsessionid=1T1ncfYTdFVpLK4xYwdB8 MLVQtXMQpN4hTLqBG2Fw399X2Y3WcbJ!453501102?id=27594 adresinden erişilmiştir. Urquhart, C. (2018). Nitel araştırmalar için temellendirilmiş kuram uygulama rehberi (Çev. Z. Ünlü & E. Külekçi). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • West, J. P. (2017). Career planning, development, and management. London: Routledge.
  • Wichert, I. (2011). Where have all senior women gone? Nine critical job assignments for women leaders. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (10. bs.). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Zikic, J., & Klehe, U. (2006). Job loss as a blessing in disguise: The role of career exploration and career planning in predicting reemployment quality. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69(3), 391-401.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Dünya Şen- Baz 0000-0003-2197-4229

Publication Date June 28, 2021
Acceptance Date February 6, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Şen- Baz, D. (2021). Yaşam Boyu Kariyer Gelişimi: Üst Düzey Kadın Yöneticilerin Kariyer Planlarına Yönelik Nitel Bir Araştırma. Kariyer Psikolojik Danışmanlığı Dergisi, 4(1), 1-23.

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