Dissociation from a Perspective of Developmental Psychopathology

Abstract

Dissociation is defined as a disruption in the functions of consciousness, memory, identity, and perceptions of one's environment, functions that are usually integrated. (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Dissociation, in general, is addressed under dissociative disorders in clinical applications although the phenomenon represents a more complex notion from a developmental perspective. Researchers and clinicians put more emphasize on developmental factors in order to understand etiological courses lying under disorders since the onset of psychiatric disorders pursuit a developmental process and disorders as result variables could be defined as poor psychological responses to process. In this context developmental psychopathology presents a multidimensional notion for understanding psychopathology combining miscellaneous disciplines such as neurobiology, psychiatry, genetics, developmental psychology and cultural studies. In the review, intersection and distinction points of pathological and nonpathological dissociation, continuities and discontinuities, possible mechanisms underlying psychopathology in developmental process would be in our main interest from a perspective of developmental psychopathology

Keywords

• Dissociative disorders, dissociation, development, psychopathology, attachment

Gelişimsel psikopatolojinin bakış açısıyla disosiyasyon

Öz

Disosiyasyon bütünlük halindeki bilinç, bellek ve çevrenin algılanması süreçlerinde ayrışma olarak tanımlanmaktadır (APA 1994). Disosiyasyon olgusu klinik uygulamalarda disosiyatif bozukluklar başlığı altında ele alınmasına karşın gelişimsel açıdan çok daha geniş bir nosyonu temsil etmektedir. Psikiyatrik bozuklukların gelişimsel bir süreç izlemesi ve psikiyatrik tanının gelişimsel sürece ilişkin sonuç değişkeni olması nedeniyle, ruhsal rahatsızlıkların altında yatan etiolojik süreçlerin yeterince anlaşılabilmesi adına, araştırmacı ve klinisyenlerin ilgilerini gelişimsel süreç üzerinde yoğunlaştırmalarına sebep olmuştur. Bu anlamda gelişimsel psikopatoloji nörobiyoloji, psikiyatri, genetik, gelişim psikolojisi ve antropoloji gibi pek çok disiplinden elde edilen bulguları bütünleştirerek psikopatolojiye ilişkin çok boyutlu bir nosyon sunmaktadır. Bu derlemede patolojik ve patolojik olmayan disosiyasyonun gelişimsel süreçte izlediği değişim çizgisinin keşişim ve ayrım noktaları, gelişimdeki süreklilik ve süreksizlikler, ve psikopatolojinin altında yatan temel etkenler gelişimsel psikopatolojnin bakış açısıyla irdelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Disosiyatif bozukluk, disosiyasyon, gelişim, psikopatoloji, bağlanma

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