Bu araştırma ile yetiştirici koşullarındaki Kıvırcık koyunlarında meme özellikleri, linear meme puanları ve bu özelliklerin birbirleri ile ilişkisini ortaya konmuştur. Araştırmada yaşları 3-5 arasında değişen toplam 38 baş Kıvırcık koyunu kullanılmıştır. Meme özellikleri olarak meme çevresi, meme yüksekliği, meme uzunluğu, iki meme arası uzaklık, meme başı genişliği ve meme başı uzunluğu değerleri sırasıyla; 37.2 cm, 17.1 cm, 22.8 cm, 16.5 cm, 18.8 mm ve 27.3 mm olarak bulunmuştur. Linear meme özellikleri olarak meme başı yerleşimi, meme derinliği, ayrılma derecesi ve meme bağlantı derecesi ortalamaları sırasıyla; 4.6, 8.0, 3.4 ve 6.9 olarak puanlanmıştır. Değerlendirmeye alınan meme özellikleri üzerine kontrol dönemleri ve koyunların canlı ağırlığının etkisi önemli (P<0.05, P<0.01), doğum tipinin etkisi önemsiz bulunmuştur. Linear meme özelliklerine koyunların canlı ağırlığı ve doğum tipinin etkisi önemsiz bulunmuştur.
Ayadi M, Such X, Ezzehizi N, Zouari M, Najar T, M’ Rad, MB, Casals R 2011. Relationship Between Mammary Morphology Traits and Milk Yield of Sicilo-Sarde Dairy Sheep in Tunisia. Small Ruminant Research, 96: 41–45.
Banchero GE, Quintans G, Martin GB, Lindsay DR, Milton JTB 2004. Nutrition And Colostrum Production in Sheep. 1. Metabolic And Hormonal Responses To A High-Energy Supplement İn The Final Stages Of Pregnancy. Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 16: 1–11.
Butler WRSM, Cappiello LA, Handwerger S 1981. The Relationship Between Breed and Litter Size in Sheep And Maternal Serum Concentrations Of Placental Lactogen, Estradiol And Progesterone. Journal of Animal Science, 53:1077-1081.
Casu S, Pernazza I, Carta, A 2006. Feasibility Of A Linear Scoring Method of Udder Morphology For The Selection Scheme Of Sardinian Sheep. Journal of Dairy Science, 89: 2200-2209.
Casu S, Sech S, Salaris SL, Carta A 2010. Phenotypic and Genetic Relationships Between Udder Morphology And Udder Health İn Dairy Ewes. Small Ruminant Research, 88: 77–83.
De la Fuente LF, Fernandez G, San Primitivo F 1996. A Linear Evaluation System For Udder Traits of Dairy Ewes. Livestock Production Science, 45, 171-178.
Doğan Ş, Aytekin İ, Boztepe S 2013. Anadolu Merinosu Koyunlarında Meme Tipleri İle Meme Özellikleri, Süt Verimi Ve Bileşenleri Arasındaki İlişkiler. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 10 (2): 58-69.
Emediato RMS, Siqueira ER, Stradiotto MM, Maest´a SA, Fernandes S 2008. Relationship Between Udder Measurements and Milk Yield in Bergamasca Ewes in Brazil. Small Ruminant Research, 75: 232–235.
Epstein H 1985. The Awassi Sheep With Special Reference To The Improved Dairy Type. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 57, Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations. Rome.
Fernandez G, Alvarez P, San Primitivo F, De la Fuente LF 1995. Factors Affecting Variation of Udder Traits of Dairy Ewes. Jornal of Dairy Science, 78, 342–849.
Fernando de la Fuente LG, San Primitivo F 1996. A Linear Evaluation System for Udder Traits of Dairy Ewes. Livestock Production Science, 45: 171-178.
Gallego L, Caja G, Torres A 1983. Estudio De La Tipología Y Características Morfológicas De Las Ubres De Ovejas De Raza Manchega Desde El Parto. In: 3rd International Symposium on Machine Milking of Small Ruminants. Sever-Cuesta, Valladolid, Spain. pp. 100-116.
Gelasakis AI, Arsenos G, Valergakis GE, Oikonomou G, Kiossis E, Fthenakis GC 2012. Study of Factors Affecting Udder Traits and Assessment of Their İnterrelationships With Milking Efficiency in Chios Breed Ewes. Small Ruminant Research, 103:232– 239.
Iniguez L, Hilali M, Thomas DL, Jesry G 2009. Udder Measurements and Milk Production in Two Awassi Sheep Genotypes and Their Crosses. Jornal of Dairy Science, 92:4613-4620.
Izadifard J, Zamiri MJ 1997. Lactation Performance of Two Iranian Fat-Tailed Sheep Breeds. Small Ruminant Research, 24: 69-76.
Kızılay E 1983. Beyaz Alman x Malta (F1) Keçilerinde Meme Özellikleri ve Süt Verimleriyle İlişkileri. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, No: 461.
Koyuncu M, Öziş Altınçekiç Ş 2011. Kıvırcık, Tahirova ve Karacabey Merinosu Irkı Koyunlarda Linear Meme Özellikleri, Meme Ölçüleri Ve Süt Verimi Arasındaki İlişkiler. 7. Ulusal Zootekni Bilim Kongresi, 14-16 Eylül 2011. Adana.
Koyuncu M, Öziş Altınçekiç Ş 2016. Saanen X Kıl Melez Keçilerinde Linear Meme Özellikleri ve Somatik Hücre Sayısı Arasındaki İlişkiler. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 33 (3): 148-156.
Kumlu S 1999. Damızlık ve Kasaplık Sığır Yetiştirme. Setma Matbaacılık, Ankara, 166 sy.
Labussiere J, Dotchewski D, Combaud JF 1981. Caracteristiques Morphologiques De La Mamelle Des Brebis Lacaune. Methodologie Pour L’optention Des Donnees. Relations avec l’aptitude a la traite. Ann. Zootech., 30: 115-136.
Legarra A, Ugarte E. 2005 Genetic Parameters of Udder Traits, Somatic Cell Score, and Milk Yield in Latxa Sheep. Jornal of Dairy Science, 88:2238–2245.
Legaz E, Cervantes I, Pérez-Cabal MA, Fernando de la Fuente L, Mártinez R, Goyachee F, Gutiérrez JP 2011. Multivariate Characterisation of Morphological Traits in Assaf (Assaf.E) Sheep. Small Ruminant Research, 100: 122– 130.
Makovický P, Nagy M, Makovický P 2013. Comparison of External Udder Measurements of The Sheep Breeds Improved Valachian, Tsigai, Lacaune And Their Crosses. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 73(4) October-December.
Margetín M, Oravcová M, Apolen D, Milerski M 2012. Genetic Parameters for Udder Traits in Slovak Dairy Sheep and Their Crosses With Specialized Breeds. Journal of Life Sciences, 6: 1363-1370.
Marie-Etancelin C, Astruc JM, Porte D, Larroque H, Robert-Granie C 2005. Multiple-Trait Genetic Parameters And Genetic Evaluation of Udder-Type Traits in Lacaune Dairy Ewes. Livestock Production Science, 97: 211– 218.
Martínez ME, Calderón C, Barra RD, Fernando de la Fuente L, Gonzalo C 2011. Udder Morphological Traits and Milk Yield of Chilota and Suffolk Down Sheep Breeds. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 71(1):90-95.
Mavrogenis AP, Papachristoforou C, Lysandrides P, Roushias A 1989. Environmental and Genetic Effects of Udder Characteristics and Milk Production in Damascus Goats. Small Ruminant Research, 2(4): 333-343.
Minitab Inc. 2014. MINITAB release 17: statistical software for windows. Minitab Inc, USA.
Mundan D, Özbeyaz C 2004. Akkaraman, Kıvırcık X Akkaraman G1 ve Sakız X Akkaraman G1 Koyunlarda Süt Verim Özellikleri İle Kuzularda Büyüme ve Yaşama Gücü. Lalahan Hayvancılık. Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 44(2): 23-35.
Özyürek S, Türkyılmaz D, Yaprak M, Esenbuga N 2016. Determination of Morphological and Linear Udder Traits in Morkaraman, Tuj and Awassi Sheep. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 52 (3): 424-430.
Prpıć Z, Mıoč B, Vnučec I, Vrdoljak J, Pavıć V 2012. Morphology of Wheat and Milk Fat of Goat's Sheep. 47th Croatian and 7th International Symposium on Agriculture. February 13 – 17, 2012. Opatija, Croatia.
Sadeghi S, Rafat A, Bohlouli M 2014. Effect of Crossbreeding on Linear Udder Scores and Their Phenotypic Relationships in İranian Fat-Tailed Ewe’s. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 30 (1): 61-77.
Salaris S, Casu S, Carta A 2014. Investigating The Relationship Between The Prion Protein Locus and Udder Morphology Traits and Milk Yield in Sardinian sheep. Jornal of Animal Science, 2007. 85:2840–2845.
Sarı M, Yılmaz İ, Önk K 2015. Effects of Lactation Stage, Lactation Order and Udder Types on Udder Traits and Composition of Milk in Tuj Ewes. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 62: 313-318.
Schoknecht PA, Nobrega SN, Petterson JA, Ehrhardt RA, Slepetis R, Bell AW 1991. Relations Between Maternal and Fetal Plasma Concentrations of Placental Lactogen and Placental and Fetal Weights in Well-Fed Ewes. Journal of Animal Science, 69:1059-1063.
Serranoa M, Pe´rez-Guzma MD, Montoro V, Jurado JJ 2002. Genetic analysis of udder traits in Manchega ewes. Livestock Production Science, 77: 355–361.
Sezenler T, Ceyhan A, Yüksel MA, Önaldı AT, Yıldırır M 2016. Effect of Parity and Type of Lambing on Performance and Udder Traits of Bandirma Ewes. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 86 (5): 572–577.
Şahin O 2011. Süt Sığırlarında Tip Sınıflandırması Ve Vücut Kondisyonu Değerlendirme. TDSYMB Yayınları, Akyazı Matbaası, Ankara, 112 sy.
Şeker İ, Kul S, Bayraktar M 2000. İvesi ve Ost-Friz X İvesi Melezi (F1) Koyunlarda Linear Meme Özellikleri ve Bunlar ile Süt Verimi Arasındaki İlişkiler. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 40 (2): 45-55.
Thomas DL, Berger YM, McKusick BC, Gottfredson RG 2000. Comparison of East Friesian-Crossbred and Lacaune-Crossbred Ewe Lambs for Dairy Sheep Production. Proceedings of the 6th Great Lakes, Dairy Sheep Symposium, November 2-4, 2000, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Trimberger GW, Etgen M, Galton DM 1992. Dairy Cattle Judging Techniques. Fourth Edition, Waveland Press, Inc. Prospect Heights, Illinois, U. S. A. 350 sy.
Uzmay C, Kaya İ, Akbaş Y, Kaya A 2003. Siyah Alaca İneklerde Meme ve Meme Başı Formu ile Laktasyon Sırası ve Laktasyon Döneminin Subklinik Mastitis Üzerine Etkisi. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 27: 695-701.
Yardımcı M, Özbeyaz C 2001. Akkaraman, Sakız X Akkaraman Melezi F1 Koyunlarının Süt Verimi ve Meme Özelliklerinin Karşılaştırılması. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 41(2): 63 – 77.
Determination of Udder Characteristics in Kıvırcık Sheep Under the Breeder Conditions
This study was conducted to determine udder characteristics, linear udder scores and the relationship of these characteristics with each other of Kıvırcık sheep in breeder conditions. A total of 38 heads of Kıvırcık ewes were used in the study. Udder morphology characteristics of the traits including udder circumference, udder height, udder length, teat distance, teat width and teat length values were measured as 37.2 cm, 17.1 cm, 22.8 cm, 16.5 cm, 18.8 mm and 27.3 mm respectively. Linear scores including teat placement, udder depth, degree of separation and degree of suspension of the udder were scored as 4.6, 8.0, 3.4 and 6.9, respectively. The effect of the control periods and live weight of the sheep were significant on the udder characteristics (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the effect of the type of birth was insignificant. The effects of the live weight and type of birth on the linear scores udder characteristics were insignificant.
Ayadi M, Such X, Ezzehizi N, Zouari M, Najar T, M’ Rad, MB, Casals R 2011. Relationship Between Mammary Morphology Traits and Milk Yield of Sicilo-Sarde Dairy Sheep in Tunisia. Small Ruminant Research, 96: 41–45.
Banchero GE, Quintans G, Martin GB, Lindsay DR, Milton JTB 2004. Nutrition And Colostrum Production in Sheep. 1. Metabolic And Hormonal Responses To A High-Energy Supplement İn The Final Stages Of Pregnancy. Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 16: 1–11.
Butler WRSM, Cappiello LA, Handwerger S 1981. The Relationship Between Breed and Litter Size in Sheep And Maternal Serum Concentrations Of Placental Lactogen, Estradiol And Progesterone. Journal of Animal Science, 53:1077-1081.
Casu S, Pernazza I, Carta, A 2006. Feasibility Of A Linear Scoring Method of Udder Morphology For The Selection Scheme Of Sardinian Sheep. Journal of Dairy Science, 89: 2200-2209.
Casu S, Sech S, Salaris SL, Carta A 2010. Phenotypic and Genetic Relationships Between Udder Morphology And Udder Health İn Dairy Ewes. Small Ruminant Research, 88: 77–83.
De la Fuente LF, Fernandez G, San Primitivo F 1996. A Linear Evaluation System For Udder Traits of Dairy Ewes. Livestock Production Science, 45, 171-178.
Doğan Ş, Aytekin İ, Boztepe S 2013. Anadolu Merinosu Koyunlarında Meme Tipleri İle Meme Özellikleri, Süt Verimi Ve Bileşenleri Arasındaki İlişkiler. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 10 (2): 58-69.
Emediato RMS, Siqueira ER, Stradiotto MM, Maest´a SA, Fernandes S 2008. Relationship Between Udder Measurements and Milk Yield in Bergamasca Ewes in Brazil. Small Ruminant Research, 75: 232–235.
Epstein H 1985. The Awassi Sheep With Special Reference To The Improved Dairy Type. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 57, Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations. Rome.
Fernandez G, Alvarez P, San Primitivo F, De la Fuente LF 1995. Factors Affecting Variation of Udder Traits of Dairy Ewes. Jornal of Dairy Science, 78, 342–849.
Fernando de la Fuente LG, San Primitivo F 1996. A Linear Evaluation System for Udder Traits of Dairy Ewes. Livestock Production Science, 45: 171-178.
Gallego L, Caja G, Torres A 1983. Estudio De La Tipología Y Características Morfológicas De Las Ubres De Ovejas De Raza Manchega Desde El Parto. In: 3rd International Symposium on Machine Milking of Small Ruminants. Sever-Cuesta, Valladolid, Spain. pp. 100-116.
Gelasakis AI, Arsenos G, Valergakis GE, Oikonomou G, Kiossis E, Fthenakis GC 2012. Study of Factors Affecting Udder Traits and Assessment of Their İnterrelationships With Milking Efficiency in Chios Breed Ewes. Small Ruminant Research, 103:232– 239.
Iniguez L, Hilali M, Thomas DL, Jesry G 2009. Udder Measurements and Milk Production in Two Awassi Sheep Genotypes and Their Crosses. Jornal of Dairy Science, 92:4613-4620.
Izadifard J, Zamiri MJ 1997. Lactation Performance of Two Iranian Fat-Tailed Sheep Breeds. Small Ruminant Research, 24: 69-76.
Kızılay E 1983. Beyaz Alman x Malta (F1) Keçilerinde Meme Özellikleri ve Süt Verimleriyle İlişkileri. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, No: 461.
Koyuncu M, Öziş Altınçekiç Ş 2011. Kıvırcık, Tahirova ve Karacabey Merinosu Irkı Koyunlarda Linear Meme Özellikleri, Meme Ölçüleri Ve Süt Verimi Arasındaki İlişkiler. 7. Ulusal Zootekni Bilim Kongresi, 14-16 Eylül 2011. Adana.
Koyuncu M, Öziş Altınçekiç Ş 2016. Saanen X Kıl Melez Keçilerinde Linear Meme Özellikleri ve Somatik Hücre Sayısı Arasındaki İlişkiler. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 33 (3): 148-156.
Kumlu S 1999. Damızlık ve Kasaplık Sığır Yetiştirme. Setma Matbaacılık, Ankara, 166 sy.
Labussiere J, Dotchewski D, Combaud JF 1981. Caracteristiques Morphologiques De La Mamelle Des Brebis Lacaune. Methodologie Pour L’optention Des Donnees. Relations avec l’aptitude a la traite. Ann. Zootech., 30: 115-136.
Legarra A, Ugarte E. 2005 Genetic Parameters of Udder Traits, Somatic Cell Score, and Milk Yield in Latxa Sheep. Jornal of Dairy Science, 88:2238–2245.
Legaz E, Cervantes I, Pérez-Cabal MA, Fernando de la Fuente L, Mártinez R, Goyachee F, Gutiérrez JP 2011. Multivariate Characterisation of Morphological Traits in Assaf (Assaf.E) Sheep. Small Ruminant Research, 100: 122– 130.
Makovický P, Nagy M, Makovický P 2013. Comparison of External Udder Measurements of The Sheep Breeds Improved Valachian, Tsigai, Lacaune And Their Crosses. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 73(4) October-December.
Margetín M, Oravcová M, Apolen D, Milerski M 2012. Genetic Parameters for Udder Traits in Slovak Dairy Sheep and Their Crosses With Specialized Breeds. Journal of Life Sciences, 6: 1363-1370.
Marie-Etancelin C, Astruc JM, Porte D, Larroque H, Robert-Granie C 2005. Multiple-Trait Genetic Parameters And Genetic Evaluation of Udder-Type Traits in Lacaune Dairy Ewes. Livestock Production Science, 97: 211– 218.
Martínez ME, Calderón C, Barra RD, Fernando de la Fuente L, Gonzalo C 2011. Udder Morphological Traits and Milk Yield of Chilota and Suffolk Down Sheep Breeds. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 71(1):90-95.
Mavrogenis AP, Papachristoforou C, Lysandrides P, Roushias A 1989. Environmental and Genetic Effects of Udder Characteristics and Milk Production in Damascus Goats. Small Ruminant Research, 2(4): 333-343.
Minitab Inc. 2014. MINITAB release 17: statistical software for windows. Minitab Inc, USA.
Mundan D, Özbeyaz C 2004. Akkaraman, Kıvırcık X Akkaraman G1 ve Sakız X Akkaraman G1 Koyunlarda Süt Verim Özellikleri İle Kuzularda Büyüme ve Yaşama Gücü. Lalahan Hayvancılık. Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 44(2): 23-35.
Özyürek S, Türkyılmaz D, Yaprak M, Esenbuga N 2016. Determination of Morphological and Linear Udder Traits in Morkaraman, Tuj and Awassi Sheep. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 52 (3): 424-430.
Prpıć Z, Mıoč B, Vnučec I, Vrdoljak J, Pavıć V 2012. Morphology of Wheat and Milk Fat of Goat's Sheep. 47th Croatian and 7th International Symposium on Agriculture. February 13 – 17, 2012. Opatija, Croatia.
Sadeghi S, Rafat A, Bohlouli M 2014. Effect of Crossbreeding on Linear Udder Scores and Their Phenotypic Relationships in İranian Fat-Tailed Ewe’s. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 30 (1): 61-77.
Salaris S, Casu S, Carta A 2014. Investigating The Relationship Between The Prion Protein Locus and Udder Morphology Traits and Milk Yield in Sardinian sheep. Jornal of Animal Science, 2007. 85:2840–2845.
Sarı M, Yılmaz İ, Önk K 2015. Effects of Lactation Stage, Lactation Order and Udder Types on Udder Traits and Composition of Milk in Tuj Ewes. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 62: 313-318.
Schoknecht PA, Nobrega SN, Petterson JA, Ehrhardt RA, Slepetis R, Bell AW 1991. Relations Between Maternal and Fetal Plasma Concentrations of Placental Lactogen and Placental and Fetal Weights in Well-Fed Ewes. Journal of Animal Science, 69:1059-1063.
Serranoa M, Pe´rez-Guzma MD, Montoro V, Jurado JJ 2002. Genetic analysis of udder traits in Manchega ewes. Livestock Production Science, 77: 355–361.
Sezenler T, Ceyhan A, Yüksel MA, Önaldı AT, Yıldırır M 2016. Effect of Parity and Type of Lambing on Performance and Udder Traits of Bandirma Ewes. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 86 (5): 572–577.
Şahin O 2011. Süt Sığırlarında Tip Sınıflandırması Ve Vücut Kondisyonu Değerlendirme. TDSYMB Yayınları, Akyazı Matbaası, Ankara, 112 sy.
Şeker İ, Kul S, Bayraktar M 2000. İvesi ve Ost-Friz X İvesi Melezi (F1) Koyunlarda Linear Meme Özellikleri ve Bunlar ile Süt Verimi Arasındaki İlişkiler. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 40 (2): 45-55.
Thomas DL, Berger YM, McKusick BC, Gottfredson RG 2000. Comparison of East Friesian-Crossbred and Lacaune-Crossbred Ewe Lambs for Dairy Sheep Production. Proceedings of the 6th Great Lakes, Dairy Sheep Symposium, November 2-4, 2000, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Trimberger GW, Etgen M, Galton DM 1992. Dairy Cattle Judging Techniques. Fourth Edition, Waveland Press, Inc. Prospect Heights, Illinois, U. S. A. 350 sy.
Uzmay C, Kaya İ, Akbaş Y, Kaya A 2003. Siyah Alaca İneklerde Meme ve Meme Başı Formu ile Laktasyon Sırası ve Laktasyon Döneminin Subklinik Mastitis Üzerine Etkisi. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 27: 695-701.
Yardımcı M, Özbeyaz C 2001. Akkaraman, Sakız X Akkaraman Melezi F1 Koyunlarının Süt Verimi ve Meme Özelliklerinin Karşılaştırılması. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 41(2): 63 – 77.
Akgun, H., & Koyuncu, M. (2021). Yetiştirici Koşullarındaki Kıvırcık Koyunlarında Meme Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 24(4), 904-913. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.796314