Covid-19 Perspektifinden Sigaraya Bakış

Ferda Kaya Zaman

Review

Covid-19 Perspektifinden Sigaraya Bakış

Year 2020, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 48 - 53, 01.04.2020

Ferda Kaya Zaman

Abstract

Aralık 2019’da Hubei eyaletinin başkenti Wuhan'da, kaynağı bilinmeyen ilk pnömoni
vakaları tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum 30 Ocak 2020'de Dünya Sağlık Örgütü'nün (DSÖ)
uluslararası endişe verici bir halk sağlığı acil durumu ilan etmesine yol açmıştır. 12 Mart
2020'de DSÖ, küresel bir pandemi ilan etmiştir.
COVID-19 ile sigara arasındaki ilişki hakkında akademik araştırmalar olmasına rağmen
hala bilinmeyen birçok etki vardır. Bu çalışmada sigara kullanımı ile hastalığın şiddeti,
mekanik ventilasyon ihtiyacı, yoğun bakım ünitesine (YBÜ) yatış ve ölüm oranı
arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmek için; hastaların sigara içme durumu hakkında bilgi içeren
çalışmaların incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Mevcut analiz sonuçları sigara içmenin insanları
COVID-19 komplikasyonlarına yatkın kılan altta yatan bir faktör olabileceğini
göstersede, bazı çalışmalarda ise sigaranın bu yeni virüsle ilişkisi gösterilememiştir. Bu
verilere dayanarak sigara içenlerin COVID-19’a daha fazla yakalandığı iddia edilemese
de enfeksiyona yakalanan kişilerde sigara içenlerin içmeyenlere oranla hastalığı daha
ağır geçirdiği söylenebilir. Mevcut COVID-19 salgınında; sigaranın hastalık ile ilişkisi
konusunda çok daha geniş araştırmalara ve daha güçlü kanıtlara ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

COVİD-19, SARS-CoV-2, sigara, nikotin, komorbidie

References

1. World Health Organization. (2018). World Health Statistics 2018: Monitoring Health for The Sdgs Sustainable Development Goals.
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3. WHO, International Health Regulations Emergency Committee on novel coronavirus in China, in: 2019-nCoV (Ed.), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2020.
4. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. Engl J Med. 2020; 382: 727-33.
5. Bilici M. Tütün (nikotin) kullanımına bağlı ruhsal ve davranışsal bozukluklar. Madde bağımlılığı tanı ve tedavi kılavuzu el kitabı içinde (Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Haz), Pozitif Matbaa Ankara; 2012; s. 187–196
6. Demir, T. Sigara bağımlılığı. İ. Ü. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Etkinlikleri’nde sunulan bildiri, İstanbul; 2008, Mart
7. Yararbaş, G. Ödül sistemi bozuklukları, ilaç kötüye kullanımı ve tedavileri. İ. T. Uzbay (Ed.), Stahl’ın temel psikofarmakolojisi nörobilimsel ve pratik uygulamalar içinde. İstanbul: İstanbul Tıp Kitabevi, İstanbul. 2012; s. 943– 1011
8. Thomas, G. A., Rhodes, J., Green, J. T., & Richardson, C. Role of Smoking in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Implications for Therapy. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 2000; 76(895): 273-279.
9. Glynn DA, Cryan JF, Kent P, at al. Update on smoking cessation therapies. Adv Ther. 2009; 26: 369-382. 10. Frishman WH. Smoking cessation pharmacotherapy. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis. 2009; 3: 287-308.
11. Gök, H. Klinik Kardiyoloji. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp. 1996
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13. Aşut, Ö. Hekim ve Sigara. Ankara: Türk Tabipleri Birliği, 1993.
14. US Surgeon General. Women and Smoking, A Report of the Surgeon General 2001 CDC’s Office on smoking and health, 2001. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5112a4. htm (10.03.2018)
15. Yıldız L, Kılıç H. Sigaranın Klinik ve Biyokimyasal Etkileri. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 2000; 20(5): 306-312.
16. Beck GJ, Doyle CA, Schachter EN. Smoking and Lung Function. American Review of Respiratory Disease. 1981; 123(2): 149-155.
17. Kadunce DP, Burr R, Gress R, Kanner R, Lyon JL, Zone JJ. Cigarette Smoking: Risk Factor for Premature Facial Wrinkling. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1991; 114(10): 840-844.
18. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, Wang OJ, at all. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study, The Lancet. 2020; 395:507-513.
19. Onder G, Rezza G, Brusaferro S. Case-Fatality Rate and Characteristics of Patients Dying in Relation to COVID-19 in Italy. JAMA. 2020.
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21. Vardavas C, Nikitara K. COVID-19 and smoking: A systematic review of the evidence. Tob Induc Dis. 2020 Mar 20; 18- 20. doi: 10.18332/tid/119324. eCollection 2020.
22.Wasim YK, Nadkar MY. The 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak – A Global Threat. Journal of The Association of Physicians of India. March 2020; 68: 67-71
23. Berlin I, Thomas D, Faou AL, Cornuz J. COVID-19 and Smoking. Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. 2020
24. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical Characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China [published online ahead of print, 2020 Feb 28]. N Engl J Med. 2020;10.1056/NEJMoa2002032. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.
25. Cai G. Bulk and single-cell transcriptomics identify tobaccouse disparity in lung gene expression of ACE2, the receptor of 2019-nCov. medRxiv 2020; published online
26. Liu W, Tao, ZW, Lei W, et al. Analysis of factors associated with disease outcomes in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease. Chinese Medical Journal. February 28, 2020; Volume Publish Ahead of Print- Issue -doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000775
27. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 11] [published correction appears in Lancet. 2020 Mar 12]. Lancet. 2020; S0140-6736(20)30566-3. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3
28. Zhang JJ, Dong X, Cao YY, et al. Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China [published online ahead of print, 2020 Feb 19]. Allergy. 2020;10.1111/all.14238. doi:10.1111/all.14238
29. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China [published correction appears in Lancet. 2020 Jan 30]. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497–506. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20) 30183-5
30. James LO. Nadine Kabbani; Is nicotine exposure linked to cardiopulmonary vulnerability to COVID-19 in the general population; The FEBS Journal. 2020; doi:10.1111/febs.15303
31. Cai G. Tobacco-Use Disparity in GeneExpression of ACE2, the Receptor of 2019-nCov. 2020; medRxiv, Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/pre prints202002.0051.v1
32.Maggini S, Pierre A, Calder PC. Immune Function and Micronutrient Requirements Change over the Life Course, Nutrients. 2018; 10.
33. Lippi G, Henry BM. Active smoking is not associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Eur Inter Med. 2020;16: S0953-6205(20)30110-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020. 03.014. Online ahead of print.
34. Strzelak A, Ratajczak A, Adamiec A, Feleszko W. Tobacco smoke induces and alters immune responses in the lung triggering inflammation, allergy, asthma and other lung diseases: A mechanistic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(5):1033. Published 2018 May 21. doi:10. 3390/ijerph15051033.
35. Arcavi L, Benowitz NL. Cigarette smoking and infection. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(20):2206–2216. doi:10.1001/archinte. 164.20.2206
36. Tonnesen P, Marott JL, Nordestgaard B, Bojesen SE, Lange P. Secular trends in smoking in relation to prevalent and incident smoking-related disease: A prospective population-based study. Tob Induc Dis. 2019;17(October). doi:10.18332/ tid/112459
37. Zhou Z, Chen P, Peng H. Are healthy smokers really healthy?. Tob Induc Dis. 2016;14(November). doi:10.1186/s12971-016- 0101-z
38. Park JE, Jung S, Kim A. MERS transmission and risk factors: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):574. doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5484-8
39. Arcavi L, Benowitz NL. Cigarette smoking and infection. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(20):2206-2216. doi:10.1001/archinte. 164.20.2206
40. Nam HS, Park JW, Ki M, et al. High fatality rates and associated factors in two hospital outbreaks of MERS in Daejeon, the Republic of Korea. Int J Infect Dis. 2017;58:37–42. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2017.02.008
41. Alraddadi BM, Watson JT, Almarashi A, et al. Risk factors for primary Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus illness in humans, Saudi Arabia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016 Jan;22(1):49-55. doi: 10.3201/eid2201.151340
42. Seys LJM, Widagdo W, Verhamme FM, et al. DPP4, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Receptor, is upregulated in lungs of smokers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(1):45–53. doi:10.1093/cid/cix741

Year 2020, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 48 - 53, 01.04.2020

Ferda Kaya Zaman

Abstract

References

1. World Health Organization. (2018). World Health Statistics 2018: Monitoring Health for The Sdgs Sustainable Development Goals.
2. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2017). Sağlık Istatistikleri Yıllığı 2017. https://dosyasb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/30147 (Erişim Tarihi 26.05.2019)
3. WHO, International Health Regulations Emergency Committee on novel coronavirus in China, in: 2019-nCoV (Ed.), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2020.
4. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. Engl J Med. 2020; 382: 727-33.
5. Bilici M. Tütün (nikotin) kullanımına bağlı ruhsal ve davranışsal bozukluklar. Madde bağımlılığı tanı ve tedavi kılavuzu el kitabı içinde (Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Haz), Pozitif Matbaa Ankara; 2012; s. 187–196
6. Demir, T. Sigara bağımlılığı. İ. Ü. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Etkinlikleri’nde sunulan bildiri, İstanbul; 2008, Mart
7. Yararbaş, G. Ödül sistemi bozuklukları, ilaç kötüye kullanımı ve tedavileri. İ. T. Uzbay (Ed.), Stahl’ın temel psikofarmakolojisi nörobilimsel ve pratik uygulamalar içinde. İstanbul: İstanbul Tıp Kitabevi, İstanbul. 2012; s. 943– 1011
8. Thomas, G. A., Rhodes, J., Green, J. T., & Richardson, C. Role of Smoking in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Implications for Therapy. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 2000; 76(895): 273-279.
9. Glynn DA, Cryan JF, Kent P, at al. Update on smoking cessation therapies. Adv Ther. 2009; 26: 369-382. 10. Frishman WH. Smoking cessation pharmacotherapy. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis. 2009; 3: 287-308.
11. Gök, H. Klinik Kardiyoloji. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp. 1996
12. Göksel, T., Akkoçlu, A. Pattern of Lung Cancer in Turkey, 1994- 1998. Turkish Thoracic Society, Lung and Pleural Malignancies Study Group. Respiration. 2002; 69: 207-210.
13. Aşut, Ö. Hekim ve Sigara. Ankara: Türk Tabipleri Birliği, 1993.
14. US Surgeon General. Women and Smoking, A Report of the Surgeon General 2001 CDC’s Office on smoking and health, 2001. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5112a4. htm (10.03.2018)
15. Yıldız L, Kılıç H. Sigaranın Klinik ve Biyokimyasal Etkileri. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 2000; 20(5): 306-312.
16. Beck GJ, Doyle CA, Schachter EN. Smoking and Lung Function. American Review of Respiratory Disease. 1981; 123(2): 149-155.
17. Kadunce DP, Burr R, Gress R, Kanner R, Lyon JL, Zone JJ. Cigarette Smoking: Risk Factor for Premature Facial Wrinkling. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1991; 114(10): 840-844.
18. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, Wang OJ, at all. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study, The Lancet. 2020; 395:507-513.
19. Onder G, Rezza G, Brusaferro S. Case-Fatality Rate and Characteristics of Patients Dying in Relation to COVID-19 in Italy. JAMA. 2020.
20.Weiss P, Murdoch DR. Clinical course and mortality risk of severe COVID-19. The Lancet; 2020.
21. Vardavas C, Nikitara K. COVID-19 and smoking: A systematic review of the evidence. Tob Induc Dis. 2020 Mar 20; 18- 20. doi: 10.18332/tid/119324. eCollection 2020.
22.Wasim YK, Nadkar MY. The 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak – A Global Threat. Journal of The Association of Physicians of India. March 2020; 68: 67-71
23. Berlin I, Thomas D, Faou AL, Cornuz J. COVID-19 and Smoking. Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. 2020
24. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical Characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China [published online ahead of print, 2020 Feb 28]. N Engl J Med. 2020;10.1056/NEJMoa2002032. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.
25. Cai G. Bulk and single-cell transcriptomics identify tobaccouse disparity in lung gene expression of ACE2, the receptor of 2019-nCov. medRxiv 2020; published online
26. Liu W, Tao, ZW, Lei W, et al. Analysis of factors associated with disease outcomes in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease. Chinese Medical Journal. February 28, 2020; Volume Publish Ahead of Print- Issue -doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000775
27. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 11] [published correction appears in Lancet. 2020 Mar 12]. Lancet. 2020; S0140-6736(20)30566-3. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3
28. Zhang JJ, Dong X, Cao YY, et al. Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China [published online ahead of print, 2020 Feb 19]. Allergy. 2020;10.1111/all.14238. doi:10.1111/all.14238
29. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China [published correction appears in Lancet. 2020 Jan 30]. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497–506. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20) 30183-5
30. James LO. Nadine Kabbani; Is nicotine exposure linked to cardiopulmonary vulnerability to COVID-19 in the general population; The FEBS Journal. 2020; doi:10.1111/febs.15303
31. Cai G. Tobacco-Use Disparity in GeneExpression of ACE2, the Receptor of 2019-nCov. 2020; medRxiv, Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/pre prints202002.0051.v1
32.Maggini S, Pierre A, Calder PC. Immune Function and Micronutrient Requirements Change over the Life Course, Nutrients. 2018; 10.
33. Lippi G, Henry BM. Active smoking is not associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Eur Inter Med. 2020;16: S0953-6205(20)30110-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020. 03.014. Online ahead of print.
34. Strzelak A, Ratajczak A, Adamiec A, Feleszko W. Tobacco smoke induces and alters immune responses in the lung triggering inflammation, allergy, asthma and other lung diseases: A mechanistic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(5):1033. Published 2018 May 21. doi:10. 3390/ijerph15051033.
35. Arcavi L, Benowitz NL. Cigarette smoking and infection. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(20):2206–2216. doi:10.1001/archinte. 164.20.2206
36. Tonnesen P, Marott JL, Nordestgaard B, Bojesen SE, Lange P. Secular trends in smoking in relation to prevalent and incident smoking-related disease: A prospective population-based study. Tob Induc Dis. 2019;17(October). doi:10.18332/ tid/112459
37. Zhou Z, Chen P, Peng H. Are healthy smokers really healthy?. Tob Induc Dis. 2016;14(November). doi:10.1186/s12971-016- 0101-z
38. Park JE, Jung S, Kim A. MERS transmission and risk factors: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):574. doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5484-8
39. Arcavi L, Benowitz NL. Cigarette smoking and infection. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(20):2206-2216. doi:10.1001/archinte. 164.20.2206
40. Nam HS, Park JW, Ki M, et al. High fatality rates and associated factors in two hospital outbreaks of MERS in Daejeon, the Republic of Korea. Int J Infect Dis. 2017;58:37–42. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2017.02.008
41. Alraddadi BM, Watson JT, Almarashi A, et al. Risk factors for primary Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus illness in humans, Saudi Arabia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016 Jan;22(1):49-55. doi: 10.3201/eid2201.151340
42. Seys LJM, Widagdo W, Verhamme FM, et al. DPP4, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Receptor, is upregulated in lungs of smokers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(1):45–53. doi:10.1093/cid/cix741

There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Internal Diseases
Journal Section	makaleler
Authors	Ferda Kaya Zaman This is me
Publication Date	April 1, 2020
Published in Issue	Year 2020 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA	Kaya Zaman, F. (2020). Covid-19 Perspektifinden Sigaraya Bakış. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği, 12(2), 48-53.
AMA	Kaya Zaman F. Covid-19 Perspektifinden Sigaraya Bakış. Aile Hekimliği. April 2020;12(2):48-53.
Chicago	Kaya Zaman, Ferda. “Covid-19 Perspektifinden Sigaraya Bakış”. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği 12, no. 2 (April 2020): 48-53.
EndNote	Kaya Zaman F (April 1, 2020) Covid-19 Perspektifinden Sigaraya Bakış. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği 12 2 48–53.
IEEE	F. Kaya Zaman, “Covid-19 Perspektifinden Sigaraya Bakış”, Aile Hekimliği, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 48–53, 2020.
ISNAD	Kaya Zaman, Ferda. “Covid-19 Perspektifinden Sigaraya Bakış”. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği 12/2 (April 2020), 48-53.
JAMA	Kaya Zaman F. Covid-19 Perspektifinden Sigaraya Bakış. Aile Hekimliği. 2020;12:48–53.
MLA	Kaya Zaman, Ferda. “Covid-19 Perspektifinden Sigaraya Bakış”. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği, vol. 12, no. 2, 2020, pp. 48-53.
Vancouver	Kaya Zaman F. Covid-19 Perspektifinden Sigaraya Bakış. Aile Hekimliği. 2020;12(2):48-53.

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