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Exercise Prescription for Diabetic Patients

Year 2017, Volume: 5 Issue: 4, 65 - 70, 10.04.2017

Abstract

Abstract

It is known that exercise reduces insulin resistance and increases glucose tolerancein patients with diabetic. The component of exercise i.e; type, intensity, frequency, du-ration in individually design aerobics, resistance or combined exercise programs are important part of treatment in addition to medical care and nutritional life style changes.To gain best health benefits, aerobic exercises are advised to perform for 30- 60 min.per day, totally 150 min per week, 3 to 5 days per week, at a moderate intensity of 50-80% of max VO2 or heart rate reserve. In addition to aerobic exercises, if patients with diabetes mellitus are free from contraindications, resistance exercises could be prescribed at an intensity of 60-80% of 1RM (one repetition maximum), perform 2-3 sets andeach sets consisting of 8-12 repetitions for 8-10 different muscle groups per exercise.The total resistance work out could be performed 2-3 times per week with 48 hours restperiods. In order to avoid hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia before, during, and afterexercise in patients with diabetes, safety precautions should be provided.

References

  • Kaynaklar 1.American Diabetes Association Diagnosis and classification of dia-betes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33(Supp1): 62-69. 2.Colberg SR, Albright AL, Blissmer BJ, Braun B, Chasan-Taber L,Fernhall B, et al. Exercise and type 2 diabetes: American Collegeof Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint po-sition statement. Exercise and Type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc.2010;42:2282- 303. 3.Thompson W, Gordon N, Pescatello LS. ACSM’s Guidelines for Exer-cise Testing and Prescription. 8th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott, Wil-liams& Wilkins. 2009; 253-55. 4.Albright A, Franz M, Hornsby G, Kriska A, Marrero D, Ullrich I,et al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exerci-se and type 2 diabetes. Medicine and science in sports and exerci-se. 2000; 32:1345-1360. 5.Sénéchal M, Slaght J, Bharti N, Bouchard DR. Independent and com-bined effect of diet and exercise in adults with prediabetes. Diabe-tes, metabolic syndrome and obesity: targets and therapy. 2014;7:521. 6.Akova B, Şekir U, Keleş B. Metabolik Sendrom, Obezite, Diyabet, Hi-pertansiyon, Dislipidemi ve Egzersiz, 3. Bölüm “Diyabet ve Egzer-siz”. Şekir U. Editör; Gür H. 2011;38-71, Yağmur Tanıtım, Bursa. 7.Sipahioğlu NT. Diyabetin önlenmesi. Türkiye Klinikleri. J Fam Med.Special Topics. 2015;6:104-106. 8.Eriksson KF, Lindgrade F. Prevention of type 2 (non-insulin-depen-dent) diabetes mellitus by diet and physical exercise. Diabetologi-ca. 1991;34:891-989. 9.Pan XR, Li GW, Hu YH, Wang JX, Yang WY, An ZX, et al. Effectsof diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impairedglucose tolerance. The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. DiabetesCare. 1997;20:537-44. 10.Tuomiletho J, Lindstrom J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Hämäläinen H,Ilanne-Parikka P, et al.. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. NEngl J Med. 2001;344:1343-1350. 11.Diabetes Prevention Research Group: Reduction in the incidence oftype 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med.2002;346:393-403. 12.Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Mary S, Mukesh B, Bhaskar AD,Vijay V. Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme (IDPP): The Indi-an Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modifica-tion and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjectswith impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1). Diabetologia.2006;49:289-297. 13.Kosaka K, Noda M, Kuzuya T: Prevention of type 2 diabetes by li-festyle intervention: a Japanese trial in IGT males. Diabetes Res ClinPract. 2005;67:152-162. 14.Li G, Zhang P, Wang J, Gregg EW, Yang W, Gong Q, et al. The longterm effect of lifestyle interventions to prevent diabetes in the Chi-na Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study: a 20-year follow- up study.Lancet 2008;371:1783-1789. 15.Gillies CL, Abrams KR, Lambert PC, Cooper NJ, Sutton AJ, Hsu RT,et al. Pharmacological and lifestyle interventions to prevent or de-lay type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance: syste-matic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2007; 334: 299. 16.Erhman JK, Gordon MP, Visich PS, Ketejiyan SJ. Clinical Exerci-se Physiology, Part II “Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders”Albright Ann L., Chapter 8, Diabetes. 2003;129-152, Human Kine-tics, USA 17.Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, LachinJM, Walker EA, et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabe-tes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med.2002;346:393-403. 18.Church TS, Blair SN, Cocreham S, Johannsen N, Johnson W, Kra-mer K, et al. Effect of aerobic and resistance training on hemog-lobine A1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. JAMA.2010;304:2253-62. 19.Chimen M, Kennedy A, Nirantharakumar K, Pang TT, Andrews R,Narendran P. What are the health benefits of physical activity intype 1 diabetes mellitus? A literature review. Diabetologia. 2012;55: 542-551.20.Kurdak SS, Kurdak H. Diabet ve egzersiz. Türkiye Klinikleri. J FamMed-Special Topics 2015;6:68-75. 21.Richter EA, Hargreaves M. Exercise, GLUT4, and skeletal muscleglucose uptake. Physiol Rev. 2013;93:993-1017. 22.Williamson P. Exercise for special populations. Part 3, Chapter 9“Exercise for People with Diabetes” 2011; 305-334. First Edition.Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 23.Kennedy A, Nirantharakumar K, Chimen M, Pang TT, Hemming K,Andrews RC, et al. Does exercise improve glycaemic control in type1 diabetes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one.2013;8(3) e58861. 24.American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's guidelines for exer-cise testing and prescription. 2013. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. 25.Catherine A, Mullooly MS, Karen L, Kemmis PT. Diabetes Educa-tors and the Exercise Prescription. Diabetes Spectrum. 2005;18:108-113. 26.David C, Wright MS, Pamela DS. Optimal exercise intensity for in-dividuals with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Spectrum.2001;18: 93-97. 27.Östenson C, Birkeland K, Henriksson J. Diabetes mellitus-type 2 dia-betes. In: Johan C, ed. Physical Activity in the Prevention and Tre-atment of Disease. Sweden: Swedish National Institute of Public He-alth; 2010: 345-55. 28.Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, David H. Wasserman DH, Castaneda-Scep-pa C, White RD, Carmen MD, Russell D. Physical Activity/Exerci-se and Type 2 Diabetes. A consensus statement from the americandiabetes association. Diabetes Care 2006;29: 1433-1438. 29.Gibala MJ, Little JP, Macdonald MJ, Hawley JA. Physiological adap-tations to low-volume, high-intensity interval training in health anddisease. J Physiol. 2012;590:1077-84. 30.Bahadır TÇ, Atmaca H. Diyabet ve egzersiz. Deneysel ve Klinik TıpDergisi - Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine. 2012; 29:16-22. 31.Pesta DH, Goncalves RLS, Madiraju AK, Strasser B, Lauren M.Sparks LM. Resistance training to improve type 2 diabetes: workingtoward a prescription for the future. Nutrition & Metabolism. 2017;14:24. 32.Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, Franklin BA, Lamonte MJ,Lee IM, et al; American College of Sports Medicine PositionStand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintai-ning cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness inapparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. MedSci Sports Exerc. 2011; 43:1334-59. 33.Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Boulé NG, Wells GA, Prud'homme D, FortierM, et al. : Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both onglycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Ann InternMed. 2007;147:357–69. 34.Aguiar EJ, Morgan PJ, Collins CE, Plotnikoff RC, Callister, R. Ef-ficacy of interventions that include diet, aerobic and resistance trai-ning components for type 2 diabetes prevention: a systematic revi-ew with meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutri-tion and Physical Activity. 2014;11:2.

Diyabetli Hastalarda Egzersiz Reçetesi

Year 2017, Volume: 5 Issue: 4, 65 - 70, 10.04.2017

Abstract

ÖzDiyabet hastalarında egzersizin insülin direncini azalttığı, insülinin etkisini ve glikoztoleransını artırdığı bilinmektedir. Türü, şiddeti, sıklığı, süresi, tekrar ve set sayısı her bir hastaya göre yapılandırılmış olan aerobik, direnç ya da kombine egzersizler, diyabet tedavisinde tıbbi tedavi ve tıbbi beslenmenin yanında önemli bir bileşendir. Aerobik eg-zersizler, haftada 3-5 gün, orta şiddete (max. kalp atım hızının yada max. VO2’nin %50-80’i aralığında), her bir egzersizin 30-60 dakika sürdüğü, haftada toplam 150 dakikaolacak şekilde ayarlanmalıdır. Direnç egzersizleri herhangi bir kontrendikasyonu olmayan diyabetlilerde aerobik egzersizlere ek olarak, haftada 2-3 kez, kaldırabildiği max. ağırlığın %60-80’i kadar, 2-3 set ve 8-12 tekrarla, her bir egzersizde 8-10 kas grubunu çalıştıracak ve egzersizler arasında 48 saatlik dinlenme olacak şekilde planlanmalıdır. Diyabet hastalarında egzersiz öncesi, sırası ve sonrasında hiperglisemi ve hipoglisemi bakımından alınması gereken önlemlere dikkat edilerek hastaya güvenli bir egzersiz sağlanmalıdır.

References

  • Kaynaklar 1.American Diabetes Association Diagnosis and classification of dia-betes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33(Supp1): 62-69. 2.Colberg SR, Albright AL, Blissmer BJ, Braun B, Chasan-Taber L,Fernhall B, et al. Exercise and type 2 diabetes: American Collegeof Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint po-sition statement. Exercise and Type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc.2010;42:2282- 303. 3.Thompson W, Gordon N, Pescatello LS. ACSM’s Guidelines for Exer-cise Testing and Prescription. 8th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott, Wil-liams& Wilkins. 2009; 253-55. 4.Albright A, Franz M, Hornsby G, Kriska A, Marrero D, Ullrich I,et al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exerci-se and type 2 diabetes. Medicine and science in sports and exerci-se. 2000; 32:1345-1360. 5.Sénéchal M, Slaght J, Bharti N, Bouchard DR. Independent and com-bined effect of diet and exercise in adults with prediabetes. Diabe-tes, metabolic syndrome and obesity: targets and therapy. 2014;7:521. 6.Akova B, Şekir U, Keleş B. Metabolik Sendrom, Obezite, Diyabet, Hi-pertansiyon, Dislipidemi ve Egzersiz, 3. Bölüm “Diyabet ve Egzer-siz”. Şekir U. Editör; Gür H. 2011;38-71, Yağmur Tanıtım, Bursa. 7.Sipahioğlu NT. Diyabetin önlenmesi. Türkiye Klinikleri. J Fam Med.Special Topics. 2015;6:104-106. 8.Eriksson KF, Lindgrade F. Prevention of type 2 (non-insulin-depen-dent) diabetes mellitus by diet and physical exercise. Diabetologi-ca. 1991;34:891-989. 9.Pan XR, Li GW, Hu YH, Wang JX, Yang WY, An ZX, et al. Effectsof diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impairedglucose tolerance. The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. DiabetesCare. 1997;20:537-44. 10.Tuomiletho J, Lindstrom J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Hämäläinen H,Ilanne-Parikka P, et al.. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. NEngl J Med. 2001;344:1343-1350. 11.Diabetes Prevention Research Group: Reduction in the incidence oftype 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med.2002;346:393-403. 12.Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Mary S, Mukesh B, Bhaskar AD,Vijay V. Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme (IDPP): The Indi-an Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modifica-tion and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjectswith impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1). Diabetologia.2006;49:289-297. 13.Kosaka K, Noda M, Kuzuya T: Prevention of type 2 diabetes by li-festyle intervention: a Japanese trial in IGT males. Diabetes Res ClinPract. 2005;67:152-162. 14.Li G, Zhang P, Wang J, Gregg EW, Yang W, Gong Q, et al. The longterm effect of lifestyle interventions to prevent diabetes in the Chi-na Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study: a 20-year follow- up study.Lancet 2008;371:1783-1789. 15.Gillies CL, Abrams KR, Lambert PC, Cooper NJ, Sutton AJ, Hsu RT,et al. Pharmacological and lifestyle interventions to prevent or de-lay type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance: syste-matic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2007; 334: 299. 16.Erhman JK, Gordon MP, Visich PS, Ketejiyan SJ. Clinical Exerci-se Physiology, Part II “Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders”Albright Ann L., Chapter 8, Diabetes. 2003;129-152, Human Kine-tics, USA 17.Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, LachinJM, Walker EA, et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabe-tes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med.2002;346:393-403. 18.Church TS, Blair SN, Cocreham S, Johannsen N, Johnson W, Kra-mer K, et al. Effect of aerobic and resistance training on hemog-lobine A1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. JAMA.2010;304:2253-62. 19.Chimen M, Kennedy A, Nirantharakumar K, Pang TT, Andrews R,Narendran P. What are the health benefits of physical activity intype 1 diabetes mellitus? A literature review. Diabetologia. 2012;55: 542-551.20.Kurdak SS, Kurdak H. Diabet ve egzersiz. Türkiye Klinikleri. J FamMed-Special Topics 2015;6:68-75. 21.Richter EA, Hargreaves M. Exercise, GLUT4, and skeletal muscleglucose uptake. Physiol Rev. 2013;93:993-1017. 22.Williamson P. Exercise for special populations. Part 3, Chapter 9“Exercise for People with Diabetes” 2011; 305-334. First Edition.Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 23.Kennedy A, Nirantharakumar K, Chimen M, Pang TT, Hemming K,Andrews RC, et al. Does exercise improve glycaemic control in type1 diabetes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one.2013;8(3) e58861. 24.American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's guidelines for exer-cise testing and prescription. 2013. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. 25.Catherine A, Mullooly MS, Karen L, Kemmis PT. Diabetes Educa-tors and the Exercise Prescription. Diabetes Spectrum. 2005;18:108-113. 26.David C, Wright MS, Pamela DS. Optimal exercise intensity for in-dividuals with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Spectrum.2001;18: 93-97. 27.Östenson C, Birkeland K, Henriksson J. Diabetes mellitus-type 2 dia-betes. In: Johan C, ed. Physical Activity in the Prevention and Tre-atment of Disease. Sweden: Swedish National Institute of Public He-alth; 2010: 345-55. 28.Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, David H. Wasserman DH, Castaneda-Scep-pa C, White RD, Carmen MD, Russell D. Physical Activity/Exerci-se and Type 2 Diabetes. A consensus statement from the americandiabetes association. Diabetes Care 2006;29: 1433-1438. 29.Gibala MJ, Little JP, Macdonald MJ, Hawley JA. Physiological adap-tations to low-volume, high-intensity interval training in health anddisease. J Physiol. 2012;590:1077-84. 30.Bahadır TÇ, Atmaca H. Diyabet ve egzersiz. Deneysel ve Klinik TıpDergisi - Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine. 2012; 29:16-22. 31.Pesta DH, Goncalves RLS, Madiraju AK, Strasser B, Lauren M.Sparks LM. Resistance training to improve type 2 diabetes: workingtoward a prescription for the future. Nutrition & Metabolism. 2017;14:24. 32.Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, Franklin BA, Lamonte MJ,Lee IM, et al; American College of Sports Medicine PositionStand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintai-ning cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness inapparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. MedSci Sports Exerc. 2011; 43:1334-59. 33.Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Boulé NG, Wells GA, Prud'homme D, FortierM, et al. : Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both onglycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Ann InternMed. 2007;147:357–69. 34.Aguiar EJ, Morgan PJ, Collins CE, Plotnikoff RC, Callister, R. Ef-ficacy of interventions that include diet, aerobic and resistance trai-ning components for type 2 diabetes prevention: a systematic revi-ew with meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutri-tion and Physical Activity. 2014;11:2.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler 1
Authors

Meral Küçük Yetgin

Publication Date April 10, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 5 Issue: 4

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APA Küçük Yetgin, M. (2017). Diyabetli Hastalarda Egzersiz Reçetesi. Klinik Tıp Bilimleri, 5(4), 65-70.
AMA Küçük Yetgin M. Diyabetli Hastalarda Egzersiz Reçetesi. Klinik Tıp Bilimleri. April 2017;5(4):65-70.
Chicago Küçük Yetgin, Meral. “Diyabetli Hastalarda Egzersiz Reçetesi”. Klinik Tıp Bilimleri 5, no. 4 (April 2017): 65-70.
EndNote Küçük Yetgin M (April 1, 2017) Diyabetli Hastalarda Egzersiz Reçetesi. Klinik Tıp Bilimleri 5 4 65–70.
IEEE M. Küçük Yetgin, “Diyabetli Hastalarda Egzersiz Reçetesi”, Klinik Tıp Bilimleri, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 65–70, 2017.
ISNAD Küçük Yetgin, Meral. “Diyabetli Hastalarda Egzersiz Reçetesi”. Klinik Tıp Bilimleri 5/4 (April 2017), 65-70.
JAMA Küçük Yetgin M. Diyabetli Hastalarda Egzersiz Reçetesi. Klinik Tıp Bilimleri. 2017;5:65–70.
MLA Küçük Yetgin, Meral. “Diyabetli Hastalarda Egzersiz Reçetesi”. Klinik Tıp Bilimleri, vol. 5, no. 4, 2017, pp. 65-70.
Vancouver Küçük Yetgin M. Diyabetli Hastalarda Egzersiz Reçetesi. Klinik Tıp Bilimleri. 2017;5(4):65-70.