Review
BibTex RIS Cite

Fat and Proteins in Medical Nutritional Therapy of Obese Diabetic Patients with Overweight and Obesity

Year 2019, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 1 - 5, 05.04.2019

Abstract

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes is the most frequently seen form of diabetes mellitus which is a heterogeneous disease highly epidemic in our country and all around the world. Accordingto the data from the International Diabetes Foundation (IDF), today the number of people living with diabetes is 425 million all around the world and this number will riseto 629 million in the year 2045. It is evident that multiple factors play a role in the etiology of type 2 diabetes. Healthy nutrition and exercise are the  "sine qua non" of diabetes treatment. Although there are several standards related to the type of nutrition of patients with type 2 diabetes, the pattern or ratio of macronutrients in the diets prescribedto people with diabetes who are either overweight or obese is still a controversial. Thepurpose of this review is to address the effects of different macronutrients, such as protein and fat ratio, in patients with type 2 diabetes who are also obese or overweight.

References

  • Kaynaklar 1.World Health Organization. Global Status Report on Noncommunicab-le Diseases 2014. 2.IDF Diabetes Atlas.8th ed2017. 3.Diabetes Mellitus ve Komplikasyonlarının Tanı,Tedavi ve İzlem Kılavu-zu 2017. Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği (TEMD). 4.Dinçdağ N (Ed.)Temel Endokrinoloji ve Diyabet. EMA Tıp Kitabevi Ya-yıncılık.,2016. 5.Tüzün M. Endokrinoloji El Kitabı, Kabalak T,Yılmaz C,Tüzün M,Çetin-kalp Ş(Ed.).Diyabet ve Prediyabetin Tanımı,Tanısı ve Sınıflama-sı.2013;4:581-594. 6.Şevki Çetinkalp..Endokrinoloji El Kitabı, Kabalak T,Yılmaz C,Tüzün M,Çe-tinkalp Ş(Ed.).Tip 2 Diabetes Mellitus.2013;4:639-653. 7.Metin Aslan. Endokrinoloji El Kitabı, Kabalak T,Yılmaz C,Tüzün M,Çe-tinkalp Ş(Ed.).Diabetes Mellitus Tedavisi.2013;4:667-689. 8.Identifying patients at risk: ADA’s definitions for nutrition screening andnutrition assessment. J Am Diet Assoc.1994;94 (8):838–9. 9.American Diabetes Association. 3. Foundations of care and comprehen-sive medical evaluation. Diabetes Care. 2016;39 (Suppl 1):23–35. 10.Franz MMJ, Powers MA, Leontos C, et al. The evidence for medical nut-rition therapy for type 1 and type 2 diabetes in adults. J Am Diet As-soc.2010;110(12):1852–89. 11.Rivellse A,Giacco R,Costabile G.Dietary Carbohydrates for Diabetics.CurrAthersoscler Rep. 2012;14:563-569. 12.American Diabetes Association. Standarts of medical care in diabetes.Dia-betes care.2009;32 suppl 1:13-61. 13.Evert AB, Boucher JL, Cypress M, et al. Nutrition therapy recommen-dations for the management of adults with diabetes. DiabetesCare.2013;36(11):3821–42. 14.Canadian Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Guidelines ExpertCom-mittee. Canadian Diabetes Association clinical practice guidelines forthe prevention and management of diabetes in Canada. Can J Diabe-tes.2013;37(Suppl 1):S1–212. 15.Diabetes Prevention Program Research GroupKnowler WC, Fowler SE,Hamman RF, et al. 10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weightloss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Lancet2009;374:1677-86. Published erratum in: Lancet. 2009;374:2054. 16.Lindström J, Ilanne-Parikka P, Peltonen M, et al, Finnish Diabetes Pre-vention Study Group. Sustained reduction in the incidence of type 2 dia-betes by lifestyle intervention: follow-up of the Finnish Diabetes Preven-tion Study. Lancet.2006;368:1673-9. 17.Joslin Diabetes Centre, Joslin Clinic. Clinical nutrition guideline for overwe-ight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes, prediabetes or those at high riskof developing type 2 diabetes 08 07 2011. Boston: 2011. Available at:https://www.joslin. org/bin_from_cms/Nutrition_Guidelines-8.22.11(1).pdf. 18.Diyabet Tanı ve Tedavi Rehberi,2017. Türk Diyabet Vakfı 19.Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference In-takes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Pro-tein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2002. 20.Bantle JP, Wylie-Rosett J, Albright AL, et al. American Diabetes Asso-ciation. Nutrition recommendations and interventions for diabetes: a po-sition statement of the American Diabetes Association. DiabetesCare.2008;31(Suppl 1): 61–78. 21.Slavin J, Green H. Dietary fibre and satiety. Nutr Bull.2007;32(s1):32–42. 22.Post RE, Mainous AG, King DE, et al. Dietary fiber for the treatmentof type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. J Am Board FamMed.2012;25(1):16–23. 23.Anderson JW, Randles KM, Kendall CW, et al. Carbohydrate and fiberrecommendations for individuals with diabetes: a quantitative assessmentand meta-analysis of the evidence. J Am Coll Nutr.2004;23:5- 24.Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges. In: Otten J, Hellwig J, Me-yer L, editors. Dietary Reference Intakes. Washington, DC: National Aca-demies Press; 2006. p. 70. 25.Chandalia M, Garg A, Lutjohann D, et al. Beneficial effects of high die-tary fiber intake in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl JMed.2000;342: 1392-8. 26.Lee JSW, Auyeung TW, Leung J, et al. The effect of diabetes mellitus onageassociated lean mass loss in 3153 older adults. DiabetMed.2010;27(12):1366–71. 27.Leenders M, Verdijk LB, van der Hoeven L, et al. Patients with type 2 dia-betes show a greater decline in muscle mass, muscle strength, and func-tional capacity with aging. J Am Med Dir Assoc.2013;14(8):585–92. 28.Kalyani RR, Corriere M, Ferrucci L. Age-related and disease-related musc-le loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases. Lancet Diabe-tes Endocrinol.2014;2(10):819–29. 29.Paddon-Jones D, Rasmussen BB. Dietary protein recommendations andthe prevention of sarcopenia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr MetabCare.2009;12(1):86–90. 30.KDOQI. KDOQI Clinical practice guidelines and clinical practice re-commendations for diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Am J KidneyDis.2007;49(2 Suppl 2):S12–154. 31.Tuttle KR, Bakris GL, Bilous RW, et al. Diabetic kidney disease: a reportfrom an ADA Consensus Conference. Diabetes Care.2014;37(10):2864–83. 32.Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cho-lesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The Na-tional Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detec-tion, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (AdultTreatment Panel III). JAMA.2001;285:2486-97. 33.Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges. In: Otten J, Hellwig J, Me-yer L, editors. Dietary Reference Intakes. Washington, DC: National Aca-demies Press; 2006. p. 70. 34.Azadbakht L, Izadi V, Surkan P, Esmaillzadeh A.1Effect of a High Pro-tein Weight Loss Diet on Weight, High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, andCardiovascular Risk among Overweight and Obese Women: A ParallelClinical Trial. Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal ofEndocrinology Volume 2013 35.Layman DK, Evans EM, Erickson D, et al.A moderateprotein diet pro-duces sustained weight loss and long-term changes in body compositi-on and blood lipids in obese adults. J Nutr.2009; 139:514–521. 36.Lejeune MP, Kovacs EM & Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Additional pro-tein intake limits weight regain after weight loss in humans. Br J Nutr.2005;93: 281–289.37. 37The Diabetes and Nutrition Group (DNSG) of the European Associa-tion for the Study of Diabetes.Recommendations for the nutritional ma-nagement of patients with diabetes mellitus. Eur J ClinNutr.2000;54:353–355. 38.Luscombe N, Clifton PM, Noakes M, Parker B, Wittert G. Effects of Energy-Restricted Diets Containing Increased Protein on Weight Loss, RestingEnergy Expenditure, and the Thermic Effect of Feeding in Type 2 Dia-betes. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(4): 652-657. 39.Gannon M,Nuttall F,Saeed A et.al.An increase in dietary protein impro-ves the blood glucose response in persons with type 2 diabetes.Am J ClinNutr.2003;78:734-41. 40.Sargrad K, Homo C, Mozzoli M, Boden G. Effect of High Protein vs HighCarbohydrate Intake on Insulin Sensitivity, Body Weight, Hemoglobin A1c,and Blood Pressure in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Am DietAssoc. 2005;105:573-580. 41.Watson N , Dyer K, Buckley J, Brinkworth G, Coates A, Parfitt G, HoweP. Effects of Low-Fat Diets Differing in Protein and Carbohydrate Con-tent on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors during Weight Loss and Weight Ma-intenance in Obese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients.2016; 8:289. 42.Johnston CS, Day CS, Swan P. Postprandial Thermogenesis Is Increa-sed 100% on a High-Protein, Low-Fat Diet versus a High-Carbohydra-te, Low-Fat Diet in Healthy, Young Women. Journal of the American Col-lege of Nutrition.2002;21:1, 55-61. 43.Boden G,Sargrad K,Hombo C,Mozzoli M,Stein TP.Effect of a low car-bohydrate diet on appetite,blood glucose levels, adn insülin resistancein obese patients with type 2 diabetes.Ann Intern Med 2005;142:403-11. 44.Belza A, Ritz C, Sørensen MQ, Holst JJ, Rehfeld JF, Astrup A. Contri-bution of gastroenteropancreatic appetite hormones to protein-inducedsatiety. Am J Clin Nutr.2013; 97: 980–989. 45.Schmidt JB, Gregersen NT, Pedersen SD, Arentoft JL, Ritz C, SchwartzTW et al. Effects of PYY3-36 and GLP-1 on energy intake, energy expen-diture, and appetite in overweight men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.2014; 306: 1248–1256. 46.Weigle DS, Breen PA, Matthys CC, Callahan HS, Meeuws KE, Burden VR.A high protein diet induces sustained reductions in appetite, ad libitum calo-irc intake, and body weight despite compensatory changes in diurnal plasmaleptin and ghrelin concentration. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82:41-8. 47.Brinkworth GD,Noakes M, Parker B,Foster P, Clifton PM. Long-termeffects of advice to consume a high-protein, low-fat diet rather than a con-ventional weight-loss diet, in obese adults with Type 2 diabetes: one-yearfollow-up of a randomised trial. Diabetologia .2004; 47:1677–1686. 48.Jesudason D, Pedersen E, Clifton P. Weight-loss diets in people with type2 diabetes and renal disease: a randomized controlled trial of the effectof different dietary protein amounts. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98:494–501. 49.Pedersen E,Jesudason D,Clifton P.High protein weight loss diets in obe-se subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Nutrition, Metabolism&Car-diovascular Disease. 2014;24:554-562. 50.Rivellsese A, Giacco R, Costabile G. Dietary Carbohydrates for Diabe-tics. Curr Atheroscler Rep.2012;14:563-569.

Obez Diyabetik Bireylerin Tıbbi BeslenmeTedavisi Planlarında Yağ ve Protein

Year 2019, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 1 - 5, 05.04.2019

Abstract

Öz

Bugün ülkemizde ve tüm dünya’ da salgın hastalık tanımıyla ele alınan, heterojen bir hastalık olan diyabetin en bilinen ve en sık görülen formu tip 2 diyabettir (1). Uluslararası Diyabet Vakfı (IDF) verilerine göre; 2017 yılında tüm dünya’ da 425 milyon diyabetli birey bulunurken 2045 yılında bu sayının 629 milyon kişiye ulaşacağı öngörülmektedir (2). Etiyolojisinde pek çok faktörün etkili olduğu düşünülen tip 2 diyabetin tedavisinin birinci basamağında sağlıklı beslenme ve/veya yanlış beslenme alışkanlıklarının düzeltilmesi ve egzersiz önerilerinin devamlılığı ön plana çıkmaktadır. Tip 2 diyabetli bireylerin beslenme ilkelerine ilişkin pek çok dernek ve otorite tarafından kabul görmüş bazı standartlar bulunmakta fakat fazla kilolu diyabetik bireylerin diyetlerindeki besin örüntüsü ya da oranları konusu hala tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı obez diyabetik bireylerin diyetlerindeki makro besin ögelerden olan protein ve yağ oranlarının güncel çalışmalar ışığında sağlığa olan etkilerini derlemektir.    

References

  • Kaynaklar 1.World Health Organization. Global Status Report on Noncommunicab-le Diseases 2014. 2.IDF Diabetes Atlas.8th ed2017. 3.Diabetes Mellitus ve Komplikasyonlarının Tanı,Tedavi ve İzlem Kılavu-zu 2017. Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği (TEMD). 4.Dinçdağ N (Ed.)Temel Endokrinoloji ve Diyabet. EMA Tıp Kitabevi Ya-yıncılık.,2016. 5.Tüzün M. Endokrinoloji El Kitabı, Kabalak T,Yılmaz C,Tüzün M,Çetin-kalp Ş(Ed.).Diyabet ve Prediyabetin Tanımı,Tanısı ve Sınıflama-sı.2013;4:581-594. 6.Şevki Çetinkalp..Endokrinoloji El Kitabı, Kabalak T,Yılmaz C,Tüzün M,Çe-tinkalp Ş(Ed.).Tip 2 Diabetes Mellitus.2013;4:639-653. 7.Metin Aslan. Endokrinoloji El Kitabı, Kabalak T,Yılmaz C,Tüzün M,Çe-tinkalp Ş(Ed.).Diabetes Mellitus Tedavisi.2013;4:667-689. 8.Identifying patients at risk: ADA’s definitions for nutrition screening andnutrition assessment. J Am Diet Assoc.1994;94 (8):838–9. 9.American Diabetes Association. 3. Foundations of care and comprehen-sive medical evaluation. Diabetes Care. 2016;39 (Suppl 1):23–35. 10.Franz MMJ, Powers MA, Leontos C, et al. The evidence for medical nut-rition therapy for type 1 and type 2 diabetes in adults. J Am Diet As-soc.2010;110(12):1852–89. 11.Rivellse A,Giacco R,Costabile G.Dietary Carbohydrates for Diabetics.CurrAthersoscler Rep. 2012;14:563-569. 12.American Diabetes Association. Standarts of medical care in diabetes.Dia-betes care.2009;32 suppl 1:13-61. 13.Evert AB, Boucher JL, Cypress M, et al. Nutrition therapy recommen-dations for the management of adults with diabetes. DiabetesCare.2013;36(11):3821–42. 14.Canadian Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Guidelines ExpertCom-mittee. Canadian Diabetes Association clinical practice guidelines forthe prevention and management of diabetes in Canada. Can J Diabe-tes.2013;37(Suppl 1):S1–212. 15.Diabetes Prevention Program Research GroupKnowler WC, Fowler SE,Hamman RF, et al. 10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weightloss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Lancet2009;374:1677-86. Published erratum in: Lancet. 2009;374:2054. 16.Lindström J, Ilanne-Parikka P, Peltonen M, et al, Finnish Diabetes Pre-vention Study Group. Sustained reduction in the incidence of type 2 dia-betes by lifestyle intervention: follow-up of the Finnish Diabetes Preven-tion Study. Lancet.2006;368:1673-9. 17.Joslin Diabetes Centre, Joslin Clinic. Clinical nutrition guideline for overwe-ight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes, prediabetes or those at high riskof developing type 2 diabetes 08 07 2011. Boston: 2011. Available at:https://www.joslin. org/bin_from_cms/Nutrition_Guidelines-8.22.11(1).pdf. 18.Diyabet Tanı ve Tedavi Rehberi,2017. Türk Diyabet Vakfı 19.Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference In-takes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Pro-tein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2002. 20.Bantle JP, Wylie-Rosett J, Albright AL, et al. American Diabetes Asso-ciation. Nutrition recommendations and interventions for diabetes: a po-sition statement of the American Diabetes Association. DiabetesCare.2008;31(Suppl 1): 61–78. 21.Slavin J, Green H. Dietary fibre and satiety. Nutr Bull.2007;32(s1):32–42. 22.Post RE, Mainous AG, King DE, et al. Dietary fiber for the treatmentof type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. J Am Board FamMed.2012;25(1):16–23. 23.Anderson JW, Randles KM, Kendall CW, et al. Carbohydrate and fiberrecommendations for individuals with diabetes: a quantitative assessmentand meta-analysis of the evidence. J Am Coll Nutr.2004;23:5- 24.Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges. In: Otten J, Hellwig J, Me-yer L, editors. Dietary Reference Intakes. Washington, DC: National Aca-demies Press; 2006. p. 70. 25.Chandalia M, Garg A, Lutjohann D, et al. Beneficial effects of high die-tary fiber intake in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl JMed.2000;342: 1392-8. 26.Lee JSW, Auyeung TW, Leung J, et al. The effect of diabetes mellitus onageassociated lean mass loss in 3153 older adults. DiabetMed.2010;27(12):1366–71. 27.Leenders M, Verdijk LB, van der Hoeven L, et al. Patients with type 2 dia-betes show a greater decline in muscle mass, muscle strength, and func-tional capacity with aging. J Am Med Dir Assoc.2013;14(8):585–92. 28.Kalyani RR, Corriere M, Ferrucci L. Age-related and disease-related musc-le loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases. Lancet Diabe-tes Endocrinol.2014;2(10):819–29. 29.Paddon-Jones D, Rasmussen BB. Dietary protein recommendations andthe prevention of sarcopenia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr MetabCare.2009;12(1):86–90. 30.KDOQI. KDOQI Clinical practice guidelines and clinical practice re-commendations for diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Am J KidneyDis.2007;49(2 Suppl 2):S12–154. 31.Tuttle KR, Bakris GL, Bilous RW, et al. Diabetic kidney disease: a reportfrom an ADA Consensus Conference. Diabetes Care.2014;37(10):2864–83. 32.Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cho-lesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The Na-tional Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detec-tion, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (AdultTreatment Panel III). JAMA.2001;285:2486-97. 33.Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges. In: Otten J, Hellwig J, Me-yer L, editors. Dietary Reference Intakes. Washington, DC: National Aca-demies Press; 2006. p. 70. 34.Azadbakht L, Izadi V, Surkan P, Esmaillzadeh A.1Effect of a High Pro-tein Weight Loss Diet on Weight, High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, andCardiovascular Risk among Overweight and Obese Women: A ParallelClinical Trial. Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal ofEndocrinology Volume 2013 35.Layman DK, Evans EM, Erickson D, et al.A moderateprotein diet pro-duces sustained weight loss and long-term changes in body compositi-on and blood lipids in obese adults. J Nutr.2009; 139:514–521. 36.Lejeune MP, Kovacs EM & Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Additional pro-tein intake limits weight regain after weight loss in humans. Br J Nutr.2005;93: 281–289.37. 37The Diabetes and Nutrition Group (DNSG) of the European Associa-tion for the Study of Diabetes.Recommendations for the nutritional ma-nagement of patients with diabetes mellitus. Eur J ClinNutr.2000;54:353–355. 38.Luscombe N, Clifton PM, Noakes M, Parker B, Wittert G. Effects of Energy-Restricted Diets Containing Increased Protein on Weight Loss, RestingEnergy Expenditure, and the Thermic Effect of Feeding in Type 2 Dia-betes. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(4): 652-657. 39.Gannon M,Nuttall F,Saeed A et.al.An increase in dietary protein impro-ves the blood glucose response in persons with type 2 diabetes.Am J ClinNutr.2003;78:734-41. 40.Sargrad K, Homo C, Mozzoli M, Boden G. Effect of High Protein vs HighCarbohydrate Intake on Insulin Sensitivity, Body Weight, Hemoglobin A1c,and Blood Pressure in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Am DietAssoc. 2005;105:573-580. 41.Watson N , Dyer K, Buckley J, Brinkworth G, Coates A, Parfitt G, HoweP. Effects of Low-Fat Diets Differing in Protein and Carbohydrate Con-tent on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors during Weight Loss and Weight Ma-intenance in Obese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients.2016; 8:289. 42.Johnston CS, Day CS, Swan P. Postprandial Thermogenesis Is Increa-sed 100% on a High-Protein, Low-Fat Diet versus a High-Carbohydra-te, Low-Fat Diet in Healthy, Young Women. Journal of the American Col-lege of Nutrition.2002;21:1, 55-61. 43.Boden G,Sargrad K,Hombo C,Mozzoli M,Stein TP.Effect of a low car-bohydrate diet on appetite,blood glucose levels, adn insülin resistancein obese patients with type 2 diabetes.Ann Intern Med 2005;142:403-11. 44.Belza A, Ritz C, Sørensen MQ, Holst JJ, Rehfeld JF, Astrup A. Contri-bution of gastroenteropancreatic appetite hormones to protein-inducedsatiety. Am J Clin Nutr.2013; 97: 980–989. 45.Schmidt JB, Gregersen NT, Pedersen SD, Arentoft JL, Ritz C, SchwartzTW et al. Effects of PYY3-36 and GLP-1 on energy intake, energy expen-diture, and appetite in overweight men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.2014; 306: 1248–1256. 46.Weigle DS, Breen PA, Matthys CC, Callahan HS, Meeuws KE, Burden VR.A high protein diet induces sustained reductions in appetite, ad libitum calo-irc intake, and body weight despite compensatory changes in diurnal plasmaleptin and ghrelin concentration. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82:41-8. 47.Brinkworth GD,Noakes M, Parker B,Foster P, Clifton PM. Long-termeffects of advice to consume a high-protein, low-fat diet rather than a con-ventional weight-loss diet, in obese adults with Type 2 diabetes: one-yearfollow-up of a randomised trial. Diabetologia .2004; 47:1677–1686. 48.Jesudason D, Pedersen E, Clifton P. Weight-loss diets in people with type2 diabetes and renal disease: a randomized controlled trial of the effectof different dietary protein amounts. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98:494–501. 49.Pedersen E,Jesudason D,Clifton P.High protein weight loss diets in obe-se subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Nutrition, Metabolism&Car-diovascular Disease. 2014;24:554-562. 50.Rivellsese A, Giacco R, Costabile G. Dietary Carbohydrates for Diabe-tics. Curr Atheroscler Rep.2012;14:563-569.
There are 1 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler 1
Authors

Arş.gör.m.gizem Keser

Publication Date April 5, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Keser, A. (2019). Obez Diyabetik Bireylerin Tıbbi BeslenmeTedavisi Planlarında Yağ ve Protein. Klinik Tıp Bilimleri, 7(3), 1-5.
AMA Keser A. Obez Diyabetik Bireylerin Tıbbi BeslenmeTedavisi Planlarında Yağ ve Protein. Klinik Tıp Bilimleri. April 2019;7(3):1-5.
Chicago Keser, Arş.gör.m.gizem. “Obez Diyabetik Bireylerin Tıbbi BeslenmeTedavisi Planlarında Yağ Ve Protein”. Klinik Tıp Bilimleri 7, no. 3 (April 2019): 1-5.
EndNote Keser A (April 1, 2019) Obez Diyabetik Bireylerin Tıbbi BeslenmeTedavisi Planlarında Yağ ve Protein. Klinik Tıp Bilimleri 7 3 1–5.
IEEE A. Keser, “Obez Diyabetik Bireylerin Tıbbi BeslenmeTedavisi Planlarında Yağ ve Protein”, Klinik Tıp Bilimleri, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 1–5, 2019.
ISNAD Keser, Arş.gör.m.gizem. “Obez Diyabetik Bireylerin Tıbbi BeslenmeTedavisi Planlarında Yağ Ve Protein”. Klinik Tıp Bilimleri 7/3 (April 2019), 1-5.
JAMA Keser A. Obez Diyabetik Bireylerin Tıbbi BeslenmeTedavisi Planlarında Yağ ve Protein. Klinik Tıp Bilimleri. 2019;7:1–5.
MLA Keser, Arş.gör.m.gizem. “Obez Diyabetik Bireylerin Tıbbi BeslenmeTedavisi Planlarında Yağ Ve Protein”. Klinik Tıp Bilimleri, vol. 7, no. 3, 2019, pp. 1-5.
Vancouver Keser A. Obez Diyabetik Bireylerin Tıbbi BeslenmeTedavisi Planlarında Yağ ve Protein. Klinik Tıp Bilimleri. 2019;7(3):1-5.