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Yakın Partner Şiddetiyle Başa Çıkmak: Türkiye'de Kadınların Sahip Oldukları Kaynakların Şiddete Verdikleri Tepkilere Etkisi

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 25, 31.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.33708/ktc.1361073

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, eş/yakın partner şiddeti (IPV) yaşamış kadınların kişisel ve sosyal kaynakları ile iki spesifik şiddet türüne (fiziksel ve cinsel şiddet) verdikleri tepkiler arasındaki etkileşimi araştırmaktır. Çalışmada, 2008 yılında ülke çapında yapılan kadına yönelik şiddet araştırmasının devamı niteliğinde olan ve IPV ile kadınlara ve kız çocuklarına yönelik çeşitli şiddet türlerinin yanı sıra çok çeşitli sosyo-demografik arka plan sorularını da içeren "2014 Türkiye'de Kadına Yönelik Aile İçi Şiddet Araştırması" anket verileri kullanılmıştır. Bu nicel araştırma, Türkiye’de kadınların IPV'ye verdikleri bireysel ve kurumsal tepkilere odaklanan nadir çalışmalardan birini temsil etmektedir ve aynı zamanda bu konuda “Türkiye'de Kadına Yönelik Aile İçi Şiddet Araştırması”’nın en son yürütülen sahasından elde edilen bulgulara dayanmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklem tasarımı çok aşamalı tabakalı küme örneklemesidir ve Türkiye'nin 12 istatistiki bölgesinden, kentsel ve kırsal alanlarından 11.247 hane anketi tamamlamıştır. Saha ziyaretleri sırasında 13.310 kadının görüşme için uygun olduğu tespit edilmiş ve 8.960 kadınla yüz yüze görüşme yapılmıştır. Kadınlarla yapılan görüşmelerde yanıt oranı yüzde 83,3'tür. Şiddete maruz kalmış kadınların yanıtları ile bireysel kaynakları arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklamak için multinomial logit modelleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları, yaş, yüksek öğrenim, kentte ikamet etme ve sosyal güvencesi olan düzenli bir işte çalışma gibi bireysel kaynakların, kadınların IPV'ye karşı en az bir kurumsal veya kurumsal olmayan tepki verme olasılığını önemli ölçüde artırdığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Ethical Statement

Gerek araştırmanın veri toplama, gerek analizlerin yapılıp makalenin yazılması aşamalarında bilimsel etik dikkate alınmıştır. Makale yazarlar tarafından kaleme alınan, orijinal bir metindir. Turnitin orijinallik değerlendirmesi %15’dir. Makalenin yazarları olarak, bu araştırmada kullanılan data setine dayanılarak, farklı araştırma soruları, farklı bir kavramsal çerçeve ve odak ile yazılmış, Beşpınar, F.U., Beşpınar, Z., Arslan, H., Kadınların Şiddete İlişkin Tutumu ve Sahip Olduğu Kaynaklarla Şiddete Verdiği Tepki Arasındaki İlişki, “Kadınlara Yönelik Eviçi Şiddet Verisi ve Politika: Kişisel Olan Politiktir”, İlknur Yüksel-Kaptanoğlu, Editör, NotaBene Yayınları, İstanbul, ss. 191-226, 2020 ISBN: 978-605-260-245-4 künyeli bir eserimiz bulunmaktadır.

References

  • Akalin, A., & Ayhan, F. (2022). Intimate partner violence against women in Turkey during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Issues in mental health nursing, 43(1), 68-75.
  • Altınay, A. G., & Arat, Y. (2009). Violence against women in Turkey: A nationwide survey. Punto.
  • Baran, A. G., Kütük, B. Ş., & Maybek, D. (2012). Kadınların Eşleri Tarafından Gördükleri Şiddeti Meşrulaştırmaları Üzerinde Kamusal Alanın Etkisi. Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 41-50.
  • Beşpınar, F. U. (2010, November). Questioning agency and empowerment: Women's work-related strategies and social class in urban Turkey. In Women's studies international forum (Vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 523-532). Pergamon.
  • Ben-Porat, A. (2020). Patterns of service utilization among women who are victims of domestic violence: The contribution of cultural background, characteristics of violence, and psychological distress. Journal of interpersonal violence, 35(17-18), 3167-3187.
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Brush, L. D. (1990). Violent acts and injurious outcomes in married couples: Methodological issues in the National Survey of Families and Households. Gender & Society, 4(1), 56-67.
  • Crosbie-Burnett, M., & Giles-Sims, J. (1991). Marital power in stepfather families: A test of normative-resource theory. Journal of Family Psychology, 4(4), 484.
  • De Ridder, D. (1997). What is wrong with coping assessment? A review of conceptual and methodological issues. Psychol. Health 12, 417–431.
  • Dunbar, N. E. (2015). A review of theoretical approaches to interpersonal power. Review of Communication, 15(1), 1-18.
  • Ergöçmen Akadlı, B., Türkyılmaz, A. S., Özgören Abbasoğlu, A. (2015). Kadına yönelik şiddet ile mücadele yöntemleri. Türkiye’de Kadına Yönelik Aile İçi Şiddet Araştırması 2014 içinde (149-172). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, Ankara: Elma Teknik Basım Matbaacılık.
  • Garcia-Moreno, C., Jansen, H. A.F.M, Ellsberg, M., Heise, L. and Watts, C. (2005). WHO Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence against Women: Initial Results on Prevalence, Health Outcomes and Women’s Responses. Geneva: WHO publications.
  • Goodkind, J. R., Sullivan, C. M., & Bybee, D. I. (2004). A contextual analysis of battered women’s safety planning. Violence Against Women, 10(5), 514-533.
  • Grigsby, N., & Hartman, B. R. (1997). The Barriers Model: An integrated strategy for intervention with battered women. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 34(4), 485.
  • Holahan, C. J., Moos, R. H., and Schaefer, J. A. (1996). Coping, stress resistance, and growth: Conceptualizing adaptive functioning. In M. Zeidner & N. S. Endler (eds.), Handbook of coping: Theory, research, applications New York: Wiley, 24–43.
  • Kaukinen, C. (2004). The help-seeking strategies of female violent-crime victims: The direct and conditional effects of race and the victim-offender relationship. Journal of interpersonal violence, 19(9), 967-990.
  • Kish, L. (1949). A procedure for objective respondent selection within the household. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 44 (247), 380-387.
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer publishing company.
  • Leung, L., Miedema, S., Warner, X., Homan, S., & Fulu, E. (2019). Making feminism count: Integrating feminist research principles in large-scale quantitative research on violence against women and girls. Gender & Development, 27(3), 427-447.
  • McNeil, A., Hicks, L., Yalcinoz-Ucan, B. et al. (2023). Prevalence & Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence During COVID-19: A Rapid Review. J Fam Viol 38, 241–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-022-00386-6
  • Mitchell, R. E., and Hodson, C. A. (1983). Coping with domestic violence: Social support and psychological health among battered women. Am. J. Commun. Psychol. 11, 629–654.
  • Mitchell, R. E., and Hodson, C. A. (1986). Coping and social support among battered women: An ecological perspective. In Hobfoll, S. E. (ed.), Stress, Social Support, and Women, The Series in Clinical and Community Psychology, Hemisphere, New York, 153–169.
  • Moos, R. H. (1995). Development and applications of new measures of life stressors, social resources, and coping responses. Eur. J. Psychol. Assess. 11: 1–13.
  • Özlü, B. (2023). Çoklu Dezavantajlılık Bağlamında COVID-19 Salgınının Kadın Emeği Üzerindeki Sosyo-Psikolojik Etkileri. Akdeniz Kadın Çalışmaları ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Dergisi, 6(1), 304-330.
  • Rajah, V., & Osborn, M. (2020). Understanding women’s resistance to intimate partner violence: A scoping review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 1524838019897345.
  • Riger, S., & Krieglstein, M. (2000). The impact of welfare reform on men's violence against women. American journal of community psychology, 28(5), 631-647.
  • Rusbult, C. E., & Martz, J. M. (1995). Remaining in an abusive relationship: An investment model analysis of nonvoluntary dependence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(6), 558-571.
  • Sen, R. (1999). Between a rock and a hard place: Domestic violence in communities of color. Colorlines, 2(1). PAGE NUMBER MISSING
  • Sorenson, S. B., Sinko, L., & Berk, R. A. (2021). The Endemic Amid the Pandemic: Seeking Help for Violence Against Women in the Initial Phases of COVID-19. Journal of interpersonal violence, 36(9-10), 4899-4915.
  • Sosyo Politik Saha Araştırmaları Merkezi. (2020). COVID-19 karantinasından kadının etkilenimi ile kadın ve çocuğa yönelik şiddete ilişkin Türkiye araştırma raporu. https://sahamerkezi.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/kad%C4%B1n-covid-ek.pdf.
  • Strube, M. J., & Barbour, L. S. (1983). The decision to leave an abusive relationship: Economic dependence and psychological commitment. Journal of Marriage and the Family, ISSUNE, NO?? 785-793.
  • Tobin, D. L., Holroyd, K. A., Reynolds, R. V., and Wigal, J. K. (1989). The hierarchical factor structure of the Coping Strategies Inventory. Cognitive Ther. Res. 13, 343–361.
  • Vives-Cases C, La Parra-Casado D, Briones-Vozmediano E, March S, María García-Navas A, Carrasco JM, et al. (2021) Coping with intimate partner violence and the COVID-19 lockdown: The perspectives of service professionals in Spain. PLoS ONE 16(10): e0258865. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258865
  • Walby, S., & Myhill, A. (2001). New survey methodologies in researching violence against women. British Journal of Criminology, 41(3), 502-522.
  • Walby, S., & Towers, J. (2017). Measuring violence to end violence: mainstreaming gender. Journal of Gender-Based Violence, 1(1), 11-31.
  • Waldrop, A. E., & Resick, P. A. (2004). Coping among adult female victims of domestic violence. Journal of family violence, 19(5), 291-302.
  • Warner, K., Baro, A., & Eigenberg, H. (2005). Stories of resistance: Exploring women's responses to male violence. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 16(4), 21-42.
  • WHO Department of Gender and Women’s Health. (2001). Putting Women First: Ethical and Safety Recommendations for Research on Domestic Violence against Women. WHO/FCH/GWH/01.1. Geneva: WHO publications.
  • Yeniçeri, Z., Koç, E. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinin Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşit (siz) liğine Etkileri| The Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Gender (In) Equality. Akdeniz Kadın Çalışmaları ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Dergisi, 4(1), 80-102.
  • Yüksel-Kaptanoğlu, İ., Türkyılmaz, A. S., & Heise, L. (2012). What puts women at risk of violence from their husbands? Findings from a large, nationally representative survey in Turkey. Journal of interpersonal violence, 27(14), 2743-2769.
  • Yüksel-Kaptanoğlu, İ., Çavlin, A. ve Akadlı Göçmen, B. (2014). Women’s status. 2013 Turkey: Demographic and Health Survey içinde (177-192). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, Ankara: Elma Teknik Basım Matbaacılık.
  • Yüksel-Kaptanoğlu, İ., (2020) Kişisel Olan Politiktir: Kadına Yönelik Eviçi Şiddet Verisi ve Politika. Ankara: Notabene.Yüksel-Kaptanoğlu, İ., (2023) “Kadınlara Yönelik Şiddeti Ölçmek Üzerine Düşünceler” In Kurtoğlu, A. (Ed.), Feminist Olan Politiktir-Yürüyüş, Yıldız Ecevit’e Armağan. Nota Bene. pp. 351-360.

Coping With Intimate Partner Violence: The Effect Of Women’s Resources On Their Response To Violence In Turkey

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 25, 31.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.33708/ktc.1361073

Abstract

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the interaction between the personal and social resources of women who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) and their responses to two specific types of violence, namely; physical and sexual violence. The study utilizes survey data from the "2014 Domestic Violence against Women in Turkey Survey", a follow-up to the 2008 nationwide survey on violence against women, which includes a wide range of socio-demographic background questions as well as questions on IPV and various types of violence against women and girls. This quantitative research represents one of the rare studies focusing on women's individual and institutional responses to IPV and it is also based on findings from the most recent field study on Domestic Violence against Women in Turkey. The sample design of the research is a multi-staged stratified cluster sampling and 11,247 households completed the survey from 12 statistical regions, urban and rural areas of Turkey. During the field visits, 13,310 women were identified as eligible for interviews, and 8,960 women were approached for face-to-face interviews. The response rate for the women interviews was recorded at 83.3 percent. Multinomial logit models were employed to elucidate the relationship between the responses of women who had been subjected to violence and their individual resources. The findings of the study reveal that individual resources such as age, higher education, urban residence, and being in regular employment with social security significantly increase the likelihood that women will engage in at least one institutional or non-institutional response to IPV.

References

  • Akalin, A., & Ayhan, F. (2022). Intimate partner violence against women in Turkey during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Issues in mental health nursing, 43(1), 68-75.
  • Altınay, A. G., & Arat, Y. (2009). Violence against women in Turkey: A nationwide survey. Punto.
  • Baran, A. G., Kütük, B. Ş., & Maybek, D. (2012). Kadınların Eşleri Tarafından Gördükleri Şiddeti Meşrulaştırmaları Üzerinde Kamusal Alanın Etkisi. Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 41-50.
  • Beşpınar, F. U. (2010, November). Questioning agency and empowerment: Women's work-related strategies and social class in urban Turkey. In Women's studies international forum (Vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 523-532). Pergamon.
  • Ben-Porat, A. (2020). Patterns of service utilization among women who are victims of domestic violence: The contribution of cultural background, characteristics of violence, and psychological distress. Journal of interpersonal violence, 35(17-18), 3167-3187.
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Brush, L. D. (1990). Violent acts and injurious outcomes in married couples: Methodological issues in the National Survey of Families and Households. Gender & Society, 4(1), 56-67.
  • Crosbie-Burnett, M., & Giles-Sims, J. (1991). Marital power in stepfather families: A test of normative-resource theory. Journal of Family Psychology, 4(4), 484.
  • De Ridder, D. (1997). What is wrong with coping assessment? A review of conceptual and methodological issues. Psychol. Health 12, 417–431.
  • Dunbar, N. E. (2015). A review of theoretical approaches to interpersonal power. Review of Communication, 15(1), 1-18.
  • Ergöçmen Akadlı, B., Türkyılmaz, A. S., Özgören Abbasoğlu, A. (2015). Kadına yönelik şiddet ile mücadele yöntemleri. Türkiye’de Kadına Yönelik Aile İçi Şiddet Araştırması 2014 içinde (149-172). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, Ankara: Elma Teknik Basım Matbaacılık.
  • Garcia-Moreno, C., Jansen, H. A.F.M, Ellsberg, M., Heise, L. and Watts, C. (2005). WHO Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence against Women: Initial Results on Prevalence, Health Outcomes and Women’s Responses. Geneva: WHO publications.
  • Goodkind, J. R., Sullivan, C. M., & Bybee, D. I. (2004). A contextual analysis of battered women’s safety planning. Violence Against Women, 10(5), 514-533.
  • Grigsby, N., & Hartman, B. R. (1997). The Barriers Model: An integrated strategy for intervention with battered women. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 34(4), 485.
  • Holahan, C. J., Moos, R. H., and Schaefer, J. A. (1996). Coping, stress resistance, and growth: Conceptualizing adaptive functioning. In M. Zeidner & N. S. Endler (eds.), Handbook of coping: Theory, research, applications New York: Wiley, 24–43.
  • Kaukinen, C. (2004). The help-seeking strategies of female violent-crime victims: The direct and conditional effects of race and the victim-offender relationship. Journal of interpersonal violence, 19(9), 967-990.
  • Kish, L. (1949). A procedure for objective respondent selection within the household. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 44 (247), 380-387.
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer publishing company.
  • Leung, L., Miedema, S., Warner, X., Homan, S., & Fulu, E. (2019). Making feminism count: Integrating feminist research principles in large-scale quantitative research on violence against women and girls. Gender & Development, 27(3), 427-447.
  • McNeil, A., Hicks, L., Yalcinoz-Ucan, B. et al. (2023). Prevalence & Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence During COVID-19: A Rapid Review. J Fam Viol 38, 241–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-022-00386-6
  • Mitchell, R. E., and Hodson, C. A. (1983). Coping with domestic violence: Social support and psychological health among battered women. Am. J. Commun. Psychol. 11, 629–654.
  • Mitchell, R. E., and Hodson, C. A. (1986). Coping and social support among battered women: An ecological perspective. In Hobfoll, S. E. (ed.), Stress, Social Support, and Women, The Series in Clinical and Community Psychology, Hemisphere, New York, 153–169.
  • Moos, R. H. (1995). Development and applications of new measures of life stressors, social resources, and coping responses. Eur. J. Psychol. Assess. 11: 1–13.
  • Özlü, B. (2023). Çoklu Dezavantajlılık Bağlamında COVID-19 Salgınının Kadın Emeği Üzerindeki Sosyo-Psikolojik Etkileri. Akdeniz Kadın Çalışmaları ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Dergisi, 6(1), 304-330.
  • Rajah, V., & Osborn, M. (2020). Understanding women’s resistance to intimate partner violence: A scoping review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 1524838019897345.
  • Riger, S., & Krieglstein, M. (2000). The impact of welfare reform on men's violence against women. American journal of community psychology, 28(5), 631-647.
  • Rusbult, C. E., & Martz, J. M. (1995). Remaining in an abusive relationship: An investment model analysis of nonvoluntary dependence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(6), 558-571.
  • Sen, R. (1999). Between a rock and a hard place: Domestic violence in communities of color. Colorlines, 2(1). PAGE NUMBER MISSING
  • Sorenson, S. B., Sinko, L., & Berk, R. A. (2021). The Endemic Amid the Pandemic: Seeking Help for Violence Against Women in the Initial Phases of COVID-19. Journal of interpersonal violence, 36(9-10), 4899-4915.
  • Sosyo Politik Saha Araştırmaları Merkezi. (2020). COVID-19 karantinasından kadının etkilenimi ile kadın ve çocuğa yönelik şiddete ilişkin Türkiye araştırma raporu. https://sahamerkezi.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/kad%C4%B1n-covid-ek.pdf.
  • Strube, M. J., & Barbour, L. S. (1983). The decision to leave an abusive relationship: Economic dependence and psychological commitment. Journal of Marriage and the Family, ISSUNE, NO?? 785-793.
  • Tobin, D. L., Holroyd, K. A., Reynolds, R. V., and Wigal, J. K. (1989). The hierarchical factor structure of the Coping Strategies Inventory. Cognitive Ther. Res. 13, 343–361.
  • Vives-Cases C, La Parra-Casado D, Briones-Vozmediano E, March S, María García-Navas A, Carrasco JM, et al. (2021) Coping with intimate partner violence and the COVID-19 lockdown: The perspectives of service professionals in Spain. PLoS ONE 16(10): e0258865. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258865
  • Walby, S., & Myhill, A. (2001). New survey methodologies in researching violence against women. British Journal of Criminology, 41(3), 502-522.
  • Walby, S., & Towers, J. (2017). Measuring violence to end violence: mainstreaming gender. Journal of Gender-Based Violence, 1(1), 11-31.
  • Waldrop, A. E., & Resick, P. A. (2004). Coping among adult female victims of domestic violence. Journal of family violence, 19(5), 291-302.
  • Warner, K., Baro, A., & Eigenberg, H. (2005). Stories of resistance: Exploring women's responses to male violence. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 16(4), 21-42.
  • WHO Department of Gender and Women’s Health. (2001). Putting Women First: Ethical and Safety Recommendations for Research on Domestic Violence against Women. WHO/FCH/GWH/01.1. Geneva: WHO publications.
  • Yeniçeri, Z., Koç, E. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinin Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşit (siz) liğine Etkileri| The Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Gender (In) Equality. Akdeniz Kadın Çalışmaları ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Dergisi, 4(1), 80-102.
  • Yüksel-Kaptanoğlu, İ., Türkyılmaz, A. S., & Heise, L. (2012). What puts women at risk of violence from their husbands? Findings from a large, nationally representative survey in Turkey. Journal of interpersonal violence, 27(14), 2743-2769.
  • Yüksel-Kaptanoğlu, İ., Çavlin, A. ve Akadlı Göçmen, B. (2014). Women’s status. 2013 Turkey: Demographic and Health Survey içinde (177-192). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, Ankara: Elma Teknik Basım Matbaacılık.
  • Yüksel-Kaptanoğlu, İ., (2020) Kişisel Olan Politiktir: Kadına Yönelik Eviçi Şiddet Verisi ve Politika. Ankara: Notabene.Yüksel-Kaptanoğlu, İ., (2023) “Kadınlara Yönelik Şiddeti Ölçmek Üzerine Düşünceler” In Kurtoğlu, A. (Ed.), Feminist Olan Politiktir-Yürüyüş, Yıldız Ecevit’e Armağan. Nota Bene. pp. 351-360.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Women's Studies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Lütfiye Zeynep Beşpınar 0000-0002-0378-7959

Hilal Arslan 0000-0002-7038-0518

Fatma Umut Beşpınar 0000-0002-5292-5713

Early Pub Date May 31, 2024
Publication Date May 31, 2024
Submission Date September 15, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Beşpınar, L. Z., Arslan, H., & Beşpınar, F. U. (2024). Coping With Intimate Partner Violence: The Effect Of Women’s Resources On Their Response To Violence In Turkey. Akdeniz Kadın Çalışmaları Ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Dergisi, 7(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.33708/ktc.1361073

Dergide yayımlanan tüm çalışmalar, kamu ve tüzel kişilerce, gerekli atıflar verilmek koşuluyla kullanıma açık olup dergide yayımlanmış çalışmaların tüm sorumluluğu yazarlarına aittir.