Perineal Travma Postpartum Dönemde Cinsel Yaşamı Etkiler mi?

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 135 - 146, 21.12.2021

Zehra Betül Demir Hüsniye Dinç , Sevil Günaydın

Öz

Doğumda spontan ya da müdahalelerden kaynaklı perinel travmalar oluşabilir. Perineal travmaların postpartum dönemde kadınların cinsel yaşamını olumsuz etkileyecek problemlere neden olabileceği görülmüştür. Kadının postpartum cinsel yaşam kalitesi ve perineal travmalar arasındaki ilişki değerlendirilirken perineal travmalar ve nedenleri incelenmelidir. Perineal travmaları ve postpartum olası cinsel sorunları önleyecek uygulamalar değerlendirilmelidir. Bu doğrultuda derlemede yer verilen veriler konu ile ilgili google akademik, pubmed, cochrane gibi veritabanlarından taranarak ve uluslararası güncel rehberlerden seçilerek sentezlenmiştir. Bu derlemenin amacı; perineal travmanın nedenlerini, perineal travmaları önleyici uygulamaları ve postpartum dönemde cinsel yaşama etkisini literatür doğrultusunda gözden geçirmektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Perineal travma, Postpartum dönem, Cinsellik

Kaynakça

• Aasheim, V., Nilsen, ABV., Reinar, LM., Lukasse, M.. Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Re-views. 2017; Issue 6. Art. No.:CD006672
• Acavut, G., & Güvenç, G. Doğum eylemi ile ilişkili perine travmalarının azaltılmasına yönelik yaklaşımlar. Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi. 2020;7(2), 125-130.
• Acele, E.Ö; Karaçam, Z.. Sexual problems in women during the first postpartum year and related conditions. Journal of clinical nursing. 2012; 21.7‐8: 929-937.
• ACOG Practice Bulletin. Prevention and Management of Obstetric Lacerations at Vaginal Delivery. 2016; Number 165. 128(1), e1-15.
• Akbarzadeh, M., Nematollahi, A., Farahmand, M., Masoudi, Z., Amooee, S. The Effect of Two-Staged Warm Compress on the Pain Duration of First and Second Labor Stages and Apgar Score in Prim Gravida Women: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Caring Scienc-es. 2018;7 (1), 21-26.
• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Prevention and management of obstetric lacerations at vaginal delivery. Practice Bulletin No. 165. Obstet Gynecol. 2016; 128: 1–15.
• Antonakou, A., Papoutsis, D., Henderson, K., Qadri, Z., & Tapp, A. The incidence of and risk factors for a repeat obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) in the vaginal birth subsequent to a first episode of OASIS: a hospital-based cohort study. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics. 2017; 295(5), 1201-1209.
• Artymuk NV, Khapacheva SY. Device-assisted pelvic floor muscle postpartum exercise pro-gramme for the management of pelvic floor dysfunction after delivery. J Matern Fetal Neona-tal Med. 2020; Feb 4:1-5. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1723541. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32019378.
• Başkaya, Y., Karakoç, H., & Özerdoğan, N. Postpartum dönemde yaşanan cinsel sağlık sorun-ları, ebe ve hemşirenin rolü. 2018
• Beşen, M. A., & Rathfısch, G. Doğumda Perineal Travma Ve Onarımı: Kanıt Temelli Yak-laşımlar. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019; 4(3), 1-11.
• Boran SU, Cengiz H, Erman O, Erkaya S. Episiotomy and The Development of Postpartum Dyspareunia and Anal Incontinence in Nulliparous Females. Eurasian J Med. 2013;45(3):176-80. doi:10.5152/ eajm.2013.36.
• Brauer M, ter Kuile MM, Janssen SA. Laan E. The effect of Pain-Related Fear on Sexual Arousal in Women with Superficial Dyspareunia. Eur J Pain 2007;11(7):788–98.
• Carroli G, Mignini L. Episiotomy for Vaginal Birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 21: CD000081.
• Çelik Y.İ. & Bal M.D. Doğumda Vazelinle Uygulanan Perineal Masajın Doğum Sürecine Etkileri, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü .2020
• de Campos, E. A., Narchi, N. Z., & Moreno, G. Meanings and perceptions of women regard-ing the practice of yoga in pregnancy: A qualitative study. Complementary therapies in clini-cal practice. 2019; 39, 101099.
• Declercq ER, Sakala C, Corry MP, Applebaum S, Herrlich A. Major survey findings of listen-ing to mothers (SM) III: New mothers speak out: Report of National surveys of women’s childbearing experiences. J Perinat Educ. 2014; 23(1):17-24.
• Demirel, G., Golbasi, Z. Effect of Perineal Massage on the Rate of Episiotomy and Perineal Tearing. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2015; 131;183-6.
• Elsebeiy, F. I. Comparison of the effects of prenatal perineal massage versus Kegel exercise on labor outcome. IOSR J Nurs Health Sc. 2018; 7(3), 43-53.
• Erbaba H, Pınar G. Postpartum Perineal Travmanın Önlenmesi ve Yönetimine İlişkin Güncel Yaklaşımlar. HEAD 2016;13: 272-81
• Fahami F, Shokoohi Z, Kianpour M. The effects of PerinealManagement Techniques on Labor Complications. Iran J NursMidwifery Res 2012; 17: 52–7.
• Fernando RJ, Sultan AH, Kettle C, Thakar R. Methods of repair for obstetric anal sphincter injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Dec 8;(12):CD002866. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002866.pub3. PMID: 24318732.
• Geranmayeh, M., Habibabadi, ZR., Fallahkish, B., Farahani, MA., Khakbazan, Z., Mehran, A. Reducing Perineal Trauma Through Perineal Massage with Vaseline in Second Stage of La-bor. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2018; 285:77-81
• Hayata, E., Nakata, M., Umemura, N., Nagasaki, S., Oji, A., Maemura, T., Katagiri, Y., Mori-ta, M. Safety of Uterine Fundal Pressure Maneuver During Second Stage of Labor in a Ter-tiary Perinatal Medical Center: A Retrospective Observational Study. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2019; 58;375-379.
• Holanda JBL, Abuchaim ESV, Coca KP, Abrão ACFV. Sexual dysfunction and associated factors reported in the postpartum period. Acta Paul Enferm. 2014;27(6):573-8.
• Hyun, A. H., & Jeon, Y. J. Effect of Mat Pilates on Body Fluid Composition. Pelvic Stabili-zation and Muscle Damage during Pregnancy. Applied Sciences. 2017; 10(24), 9111
• Jahdi, F., Sheikhan, F., Haghani, H., Sharifi, B., Ghaseminejad, A., Khodarahmian, M., & Rouhana, N. Yoga during pregnancy: The effects on labor pain and delivery outcomes (A randomized controlled trial). Complementary therapies in clinical practice. 2017; 27, 1-4.
• Jiang, H., Qian, X., Carroli, G., Garner, P. Selective Versus Routine Use of Episiotomy for Vaginal Birth (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017;Issue 2. Art. No.: CD000081.
• Johnson CE. Sexual Health During Pregnancy and The Postpartum. J Sex Med. 2011;8(5):1267-84. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02223.x
• Kaya Şenol, D., & Aslan, E. Normal doğum sonrası perinenin değerlendirilmesi. Koç Üniver-sitesi Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi (HEAD). 2015; 12(1), 7-10
• Kaya, N., & Demirel, G. Perineal Travmayı Azaltmaya Yönelik Alternatif Yöntemler. ACU Sağlık Bil Derg 2019; 10 (2): 156-160 Erişim adresi: http://acibadem. dergisi. org/uploads/pdf/pdf_AUD_579. pdf.
• Kettle C, Frohlich J. Perineal care. Clin Evid 2002;7:1284-95.
• Kilci, Ş., Bozkurt, Ö. D., & Saruhan, A. Bir Kadın Hakkı İhlali: Obstetrik Şiddet. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi. 2020; 29(2), 122-128. https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.535574
• Kraft, Jill M.; Tappy, Erryn. Postpartum Genito‐pelvic Pain. Female Sexual Pain Disorders: Evaluation and Management. 2020; 323-331.
• Lagaert, L., Weyers, S., Van Kerrebroeck, H., & Elaut, E. Postpartum dyspareunia and sexual functioning: a prospective cohort study. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproduc-tive Health Care,. 2017; 22(3), 200-206.
• Lowenstein, L., Gruenwald, I., Gartman, I., & Vardi, Y. Can stronger pelvic muscle floor improve sexual function?. International urogynecology journal. 2010; 21(5), 553-556.
• Magoga, G., Saccone, G., Al-Kouatly, HB., Dahlen, GH., Akbarzadeh, M., Özcan, T., Berghella, V. Warm Perineal Compresses during the Second Stage of Labor for Reducing Perineal Trauma: A Meta-Analysis. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Repro-ductive Biology. 2019;240;93-98.
• McClafferty, C., & Panda, S., The benefits of yoga during pregnancy: a literature. Practising Midwife. 2019; 22(1).
• McDonald, E. A., Gartland, D., Small, R., & Brown, S. J. Dyspareunia and childbirth: a pro-spective cohort study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2015;122(5), 672-679.
• Meyvis I, Rompaey BV, Goormans K, Truijen S, Lambers S, Mestdagh E et al. Maternal Posi-tion and Other Variables: Effects on Perineal Outcomes in 557 Births. Birth 2012; 39: 115-20.
• Öztürk, Y., & Özerdoğan, N. Postpartum Ağrının Fizyolojisi ve Yönetimi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2020; 5(2), 345-53.
• Pehlivan, N., & Bozkurt, Ö. D. Doğumun İkinci Evresinde Dikey Pozisyon: Dikey Doğum Koltuğu. Acta Medica Nicomedia. 2020; 3(1), 42-48.
• Petrocnik P, Marshall JE. Hands-poised technique: The future technique for perineal manage-ment of second stage of labour? A modified systematic literature review. Midwifery. 2015; Feb;31(2):274-9. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2014.10.004. Epub 2014 Nov 5. PMID: 25467599.
• Raisanen S, Vehvilainen- Julkunen K, Heinonen S. Need for and Consequences of Episioto-my in Vaginal Birth: A Critical Approach. Midwifery 2010; 26: 348-56.
• Rathfisch G, Dikencik BK, Kizilkaya Beji N, Comert N, Tekirdag AI, Kadioglu A. Effects of perineal trauma on postpartum sexual function. J Adv Nurs. 2010 Dec;66(12):2640-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05428.x. Epub 2010 Aug 23. PMID: 20735499.
• Rodrigues, S., Silva, P., Agius, A., Rocha, F., Castanheira, R., Gross, M., & Calleja-Agius, J. Intact perineum: what are the predictive factors in spontaneous vaginal birth?. Materia socio-medica. 2019; 31(1), 25.
• Rodríguez-Díaz, L., Ruiz-Frutos, C., Vázquez-Lara, J. M., Ramírez-Rodrigo, J., Villaverde-Gutiérrez, C., & Torres-Luque, G. Effectiveness of a physical activity programme based on the Pilates method in pregnancy and labour. Enfermería Clínica (English Edition). 2017; 27(5), 271-277.
• Royal College of Midwives. Midwifery Blue Top GuidanceNo.1. Midwifery Care in Labour Guidance For AllWomen in All Settings.2019 https://www.rcm.org.uk/media/2539/professionals-blue-top-guidance.pdf
• Schantz C, Sim KL, Ly EM, Barennes H, Sudaroth S, Goyet S. Reasons for Routine Episiot-omy: A Mixed-Methods Study in a Large Maternity Hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Re-prod Health Matters 2015; 23: 68–77
• Sobhgol SS, Priddis H, Smith CA, Dahlen HG. The Effect of Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise on Female Sexual Function During Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Systematic Review. Sex Med Rev. 2019; Jan;7(1):13-28. doi: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2018.08.002. Epub 2018 Oct 6. PMID: 30301705.
• Süt, H. K., & Küçükkaya, B. Kadınların Pelvik Taban Kas Egzersizleri Bilgi ve Uygulama Durumları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018; 9(3), 15-20.
• Swain J, Dahlen HG. Putting evidence into practice: a quality activity of proactive pain relief for postpartum perineal pain. Women Birth. 2013;26(1):65-70.
• Taşkın, L. Doğum ve Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği.10. Baskı, Sistem Ofset Matbaacılık. Ankara: 340-353.2011
• Tüzmen, H. Postpartum dönemdeki kadınların cinsel yaşam kalitesi ve ilişkili faktör-ler (Master's thesis, Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü). 2019
• Ugwu, E. O., Iferikigwe, E. S., Obi, S. N., Eleje, G. U., & Ozumba, B. C. Effectiveness of antenatal perineal massage in reducing perineal trauma and post‐partum morbidities: A ran-domized controlled trial. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 2018; 44(7), 1252-1258
• Urer, E. Gebelikte pilates egzersizi yapma durumunun doğum sonu dönemde stres inkontinans üzerine etkisi (Master's thesis, İstinye Üniversitesi/Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü). 2017
• Webb S, Sherburn M, Ismail KM. Managing perineal trauma after childbirth. BMJ. 2014; Nov 25;349:g6829. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g6829. PMID: 25425212.
• World Health Organization Defining sexual health: Report of a technical consultation on sex-ual health 28–31 January 2002. Geneva. 2006
• Yildiz, H. Pozitif Doğum Deneyimi İçin İntrapartum Bakım Modeli: Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Önerileri. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019; 5.2: 98-105.