PRENATAL DÖNEMDE STRES, ANKSİYETE VE DEPRESYONUN İNCELENMESİ: GELENEKSEL DERLEME

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 197 - 211, 11.01.2024

Ayşenur Demir , Merve Yazar

https://doi.org/10.59244/ktokusbd.1339914

Abstract

Gebelik bireyin yaşam döngüsünde fizyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyal değişimlerin yaşandığı, birey için annelik kimliğinin kazanıldığı özel bir deneyimdir. Kadın hamilelik başlangıcından itibaren gebeliğin kendisi, günlük yaşam aktivitelerinin değişen yönleri ve bebeğe bakmanın sorumlulukları ile psikolojik sorunlara karşı artan duyarlılık dönemi yaşamaktadır. Psikolojik sorunlar stresli yaşam koşullarına verilen olumsuz bir psikolojik tepkidir ve küresel sağlık sorunlarından biri olarak tanımlamaktadır. Psikolojik sorunlar olarak adlandırılan depresyon, stres ve anksiyete gebelik ve doğum sonu dönemde yaygın olarak görülmektedir. Gebelik ve yaşanan psikolojik sorunlarla ilişkili faktörler arasında yaşanmış psikiyatrik hastalık öyküsü, yetersiz sosyal destek, eş ve aile ile yaşanılan sorunlar, planlanmamış veya istenmeyen gebelik, primipar olma, riskli gebelik, sosyodemografik ve/veya ekonomik faktörler olarak belirtilmiştir.
Kadınların en az %20'si prenatal dönemde depresif semptomlar yaşamaktadır. Anksiyete, doğum öncesi ve doğum sonrası dönemlerde daha az çalışılmış olmasına rağmen, doğum öncesi dönemde %13-21 oranında yaşandığı belirtilmektedir. Gebelik döneminde yaşanan psikolojik sorunların her birinin, düşük doğum ağırlığı ve erken doğum dahil olumsuz doğum sonuçları ve ilerleyen dönemde duygusal, davranışsal ve bilişsel sorunlar dahil olumsuz sonuçları ile ilişkileri olduğu belirtilmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu yaygın durumların tanımlanması ve tedavi edilmesi anne ve bebek sağlığı için son derece önemlidir. Bu çalışma prenatal dönemde en çok görülen ruhsal bozukluklar içerisinde yer alan stres, anksiyete ve depresyonu incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Keywords

gebelik, psikoloji, psikolojik sorunlar

EXAMINATION OF STRESS, ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN THE PRENATAL PERIOD: A TRADITIONAL REVIEW

Abstract

Pregnancy is a special experience in which physiological, psychological and social changes are experienced in the life cycle of the individual, and the identity of motherhood is acquired for the individual. From the beginning of pregnancy, the woman experiences a period of increased sensitivity to psychological problems with the pregnancy itself, the changing aspects of daily life activities and the responsibilities of looking after the baby. Psychological problems are a negative psychological reaction to stressful life conditions and define it as one of the global health problems. Depression, stress and anxiety, which are called psychological problems, are common during pregnancy and postpartum period. History of psychiatric illness, insufficient social support, problems with spouse and family, unplanned or unwanted pregnancy, being primiparous, high-risk pregnancy, sociodemographic and/or economic factors are among the factors associated with pregnancy and psychological problems.
At least 20% of women experience depressive symptoms in the prenatal period. Although anxiety has been less studied in the prenatal and postnatal periods, it is reported that it is experienced by 13-21% in the prenatal period. It is stated that each of the psychological problems experienced during pregnancy is associated with negative birth outcomes including low birth weight and preterm birth, and negative outcomes including emotional, behavioral and cognitive problems in the future. Therefore, identifying and treating these common conditions is extremely important for maternal and infant health. This study was conducted to examine stress, anxiety and depression, which are among the most common mental disorders in the prenatal period.

Keywords

Pregnancy, psychology

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