Respiratory System Diseases in Children

Abstract

Abstract

Respiratory system diseases are the most common diseases in childhood. Theycan be examined in three groups such as infections, wheezy infant and allergic diseases. Bacterial or viral originated acute infections are more common in the schoolaged group. Tuberculosis as a chronic infection is still a common healthproblem. Although acute wheezing occurs as a result of viral infection, persistentand recurrent cases may be the sign of anatomic disorder or concomitant asthma.Coexisting diseases such as allergic rhinitis affecting upper respiratory tract andasthma lower are the allergic respiratory diseases with chronic courses. Treatmentof concomitant disease and to be in good coordination of the family, increase thechance of successful treatment of these diseases which is planned due to the severity of the disease.

Keywords

• Childhood,respiratorysystem,asthma,infection

Çocuklarda Solunum Yolu Hastalıkları

Öz

Öz

Çocuklarda en sık görülen hastalıklar, solunum yolu hastalıklarıdır. Genel olarak enfeksiyonlar, hışıltılı bebek ve alerjik hastalıklar olarak üç ana grupta inceleyebiliriz. Akut enfeksiyonlar, okul dönemlerinde çok yaygındır. Bakteriyel veya viral etkenli olabilir. Kronik enfeksiyon olarak tüberküloz; halen bir sorun olarak yaşanmaktadır. Hışıltılı bebek; bazen basit bir viral enfeksiyon belirtisidir. Sürekli olması halinde anatomik bir bozukluk veya ilerde başlayacak bir astımın ön belirtisi olabilir. Alerjik solunum yolu hastalıkları, kronik seyirlidir. Üst solunum yolunda alerjik rinit, alt solunum yolunda astım şeklinde görülür. Çoğu zaman birlikte görülür. Hastalığın şiddetine göre tedavi düzenlenir. Eşlik eden hastalığın tedavisi, aile ile uyumi çinde olmak, tedavide başarı şansını artırır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çocukluk çağı,solunum sistemi,astım,enfeksiyon

References

1. Kaynaklar 1.Bacharier LB, Guilbert TW. Diagnosis and management ofearly asthma in preschool-aged children. J Allergy Clin Im-munol 2012; 130: 287-96. 2.Bisgaard H, Hermansen MN, Loland L, Halkjaer LB, Buch-vald F. Intermittent inhaled corticosteroids in infants withepisodic wheezing. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 1998-2005. 3.Brand PL, Baraldi E, Bisgaard H, et al. Definition, assessmentand treatment of wheezing disorders in preschool children: an evi-dence-based approach. Eur Respir J 2008; 32: 1096-110. 4.British Thoracic Society, Scottish Intercollegiate Guideli-nes Network. British Guidelines on the Management of Asth-ma. A National Clinical Guideline. Revised ed. May 2008.Available at: http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign101.pdf 5.Castro-Rodriguez JA, Holberg CJ, Wright AL, MartinezFD. A clinical index to define risk of asthma in young child-ren with recurrent wheezing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med2000; 162: 1403-406. 6.Castro-Rodriguez JA, Rodrigo GJ. Efficacy of inhaled cor-ticosteroids in infants and preschoolers with -recurrent whee-zing and asthma: a systematic review with metaanalysis. Pe-diatrics 2009; 123: e519-25. 7.Cengizlier R. Çocuklarda astım tedavisi. Kalyoncu F, ed.Allerji hastalıklarında yeni ufuklar. Güneş Tıp Kitabevi: An-kara, 2010: 77-96. 8.Cengizlier R. Çocuklarda astım atak tedavisi. Güler N, ed.Çocuklarda alerji, tanıdan tedaviye. Selen Yayıncılık: İs-tanbul, 2012: 40-50. 9.Cengizlier R. Çocuklarda astım tedavisi. Güler N, ed. Ço-cuklarda alerji, tanıdan tedaviye. Selen Yayıncılık: İstan-bul, 2012: 50-62. 10.Dizdar EA, Tuncer A. Çocukluk çağında astım atak teda-visi. Türkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr Sci 2007; 3(9): 38-45. 11.GINA report 2006: global strategy for asthma managementand prevention. Available at: http://www.ginasthma.org. Ac-cessedJanuary 18, 2007. 12.Guilbert TW, Morgan WJ, Zeiger RS, et al. Atopic charac-teristics of children with recurrent wheezing at high risk forthe development of childhood asthma. J Allergy Clin Im-munol 2004; 114: 1282-87. 13.Henderson J, Granell R, Heron J, et al. Associations of whee-zing phenotypes in the first 6 years of life with atopy, lungfunction and airway responsiveness in mid-childhood. Tho-rax 2008; 63: 974-80. 14.Martinez F, Wright A, Taussig L, Holberg C, Halonen M,Morgan W. Asthma and wheezing in the first six years oflife. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 133-38. 15.Monge RMB, Montaner AE, Benitez MF, et al. Consen-sus statement on the management of pediatric asthma. Al-lergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2006; 34: 88-101. 16.National Asthma Education and Prevention Program.Expert Panel Report III: Guidelines for the diagnosis andmanagement of asthma. Bethesda (MD): US Departmentof Health and Human Services 2007. 17.National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. National asth-ma Education and Prevention Program. Expert Panel Re-port 3: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asth-ma. Full report August 2007. Available at:http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/asthma/asthgdln.pdf 18.Sarnaik AP, Heidemann SM. Respiratory pathophysiologyand regulation. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. GemeIII JW, Schor NF, Behrman RE, eds. Nelson Textbook ofPediatrics, 19th ed. Philadelphia: SaundersElsevier, 2011:1419-29. 19.Savenije OE, Granell R, Caudri D, et al. Comparison ofchildhood wheezing phenotypes in 2 birth cohorts: ALS-PAC and PIAMA. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:1505-12, e14.