Type 1 Diabetes in Childhood

Year 2016, Volume: 8 Issue: 6, 22 - 32, 08.11.2016

Uzm. Dr. Ahmet Uçar

Abstract

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or insulin dependent DM is characterised bysevere insulin openia and dependency on exogeneous insulin to prevent ketosis andto maintain normal life. Although the vast majority of the cases occur in childhood,it can be observed at any age. There are two subgroups of T1DM as immune mediated type 1a and idiopathic type 1b. The classical presentation of diabetes in children includes polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and history of weight loss. In cases withlong lasting complaints, presentation with ketoacidosis, which is associated with highmorbidity and the mortality is possible. The treatment of the patient with T1DM should be individualized considering the nutritional habits and the life style of the patient and treatment and follow-up of the patients should be performed  by an experienced pediatric endocrinologist. Because T1DM encompasses a large fraction ofpediatric diabetes, brief  updates on the diagnosis, treatment and complications weredescribed in this review. 

Keywords

Type 1 diabetes, ketoacido-sis, insulin

Çocukluk Çağında Tip 1 Diyabet

Abstract

Öz

Tip 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) veya insulin bağımlı DM ağır insulinopeni sonucu gelişebilecek ketozun önlenerek yaşamın devam ettirilebilmesi için eksojeninsulin bağımlılığı ile karakterizedir. Her ne kadar büyük oranda çocukluk döneminde başlangıç gösterse de her hangi bir yaşta ortaya çıkabilir. İmmünite ilişkili tip 1a ve idiyopatik tip 1b olmak üzere iki alt grubu vardır. Çocuklarda diyabetin klasik başvuru şekli poliüri, polidipsi, polifaji ve kilo kaybı hikayesinin olmasıdır. Şikayetlerin uzun süre devam ettiği olgularda morbidite ve mortalitesi yüksek olan ketoasidoz ile başvuru olabilir. T1DM tanısı konulan hastalarda tedavi hastanın beslenme ve yaşam biçimi bir bütün olarak değerlendirilip düzenlenmeli vetedavi ve izlemin mutlaka deneyimli pediyatrik endokrinolog tarafından yapılması gerekmektedir. Pediyatrik diyabetin büyük bir kısmını oluşturduğundan bu der-lemede güncel bilgiler doğrultusunda kısaca T1DM  tanı, tedavi ve komplikasyonları ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

Tip 1 diyabet, ketoasidoz, insulin

References

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