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Çinko Eksikliği ve Fazlalığı

Year 2020, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 13 - 19, 01.02.2020

Murat Doğan

Abstract

Çinko esansiyel bir mineral olup optimal sağlık için her gün belirli bir miktarda
alınması gereken bir eser elementtir. İnsan vücudunda 1-2.5 gr çinko bulunur. Birçok enzim sisteminde görev alan vücut için çok önemli bir elementtir. Çinko bağışıklık sistemi için gerekli enzimlerin işlevi için elzem rol oynamaktadır. Pek çok araştırmada gösterilmiştir ki çinko eksikliği hastalıkların görülme sıklığını artırmaktadır.
(1,23,35,40,41).
Çinko eksikliği tüm dünyada gözlemlenen ve global nüfusun yaklaşık %31’ini
etkileyen bir mikrobesin eksikliğidir. Özellikle az gelişmiş ülkelerde bu oran çok daha
fazla olmaktadır (2-12).
Çinko fazlalığı veya toksisitesi çocuklukta seyrek olarak bildirilmiştir. Çinko desteği yaparken toksik limitleri aşmamak için dikkatli olunmalıdır.
Bu makale çinko elementinin önemini, sağlığımız üzerindeki etkilerini, eksikliğinde ve fazlalığında görülebilecek semptomları anlatmaktadır.

Keywords

ÇİNKO ÇİNKO EKSİKLİĞİ ÇİNKO FAZLALIĞI

References

  • 1. Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs.Jonathan, R.Swann (2018) Metabolic Phenotyping of malnutrition during the first 1000 days of life Eur J Nutr. 2018 Apr 11.
  • 2. Walker SP ,Wachs TD,Gardner JM, Lozoff B, Wasserman GA,Pollitt E,Carter JA,İnternational Child Developmentsteering G (2007) Child Development :risk factorsfor adverse outcomes in developing countries.Lancet 369 (9556) :145-147.
  • 3. Black RE, Victoria CE, Volker SP, Bhutta ZA,Christian P, de Onis M, Ezzati M, Grantham-McGroger S, Katz J,Martorell R, Uauy R,Maternal, Child Nutrition Study G(2003).Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries.Lancet 382(9890):427-451.
  • 4. Guerrnat RL, DeBoer MD,Moore SR,Scharf RJ,Lima AA(2013)The improverihed gut-a triple burden of diarrhoea,stunting and chronic disease .Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 10(4):220-229.
  • 5. Caulfied L,Black R(2004) Comperative quantification of health risk.Geneva:Worl Health Organization.İn:Ezzati M(ed) Comparative quantification of health risk.World Health Organization,Geneva,pp257-280.
  • 6. Garg HK,Singhal KC,Arshad Z(1993)A study of the effect of oralzinc supplementation during pregnancy on pregnancy outcome.İndian JPhysiol Pharmacol 37(4):276-284.
  • 7. Meaddows N,Ruse W,Keeling PW,Scopes JW,Thompson RP (1983)Peripheral blood leucocyte zinc depletion in babies with intaruterine growth retardation.Arch Dis Child 58(10):807-809.
  • 8. Lopez V, Keen CL, Lanoue L(2008)Prenatalzinc deficiency:İnfluence on heart morphology and dsitrubition of key heart proteins in arat model.Biol Trace Elem Res 122(3):238-255.
  • 9. Caulfield LE, Zavaleta N, Shankar AH, Merialdi M(1998) Potential contribution of maternal zinc supplementation during pregnancy tomaternal and child survival.Am J Clinc.Nutr 68(2 suppl):499S-508S.
  • 10. Chen MD, Lin P, Sheu W. Zinc status in plasma of obese individuals during glucose administration. Biol Trace Elem Res 1997; 60:123-9.
  • 11. Vallee BL, Falchuk H. The biochemical basis of zinc physiology. Physiol Rev 1993; 73:79-117.
  • 12. Corbo MD, Lam J. Zinc deficiency and its management in the pediatric population: a literature review and proposed etiologic classification. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2013 Oct;69(4):616-624.
  • 13. Kültürsay N , Bilgen H , Türkyılmaz C. Prematüre ve hasta term bebeğin beslenmesi rehberi 2014; 7.
  • 14. Shankar AH, Prasad AS. Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1998 Aug;68(2 Suppl):447S-463S.
  • 15. Ogawa Y, Kinoshita M, Shimada S, Kawamura T. Zinc and Skin Disorders. Nutrients. 2018 Feb 11;10(2).
  • 16. Gupta M, Mahajan VK, Mehta KS, Chauhan PS. Zinc therapy in dermatology: a review. Dermatol Res Pract. 2014;2014:709152.
  • 17. Kawade R. Zinc status and its association with the health of adolescents: a review of studies in India. Global Health Action 2012; 5:7353. doi: 10.3402/ gha.v5i0.7353.
  • 18. Gibson RS. A historical review of progress in the assessment of dietary zinc intake as an indicator of population zinc status. Adv Nutr 2012; 3:772– 782.
  • 19. Corbo M, Lam J. Zinc deficiency and its management in the pediatric population: a literature review and proposed etiologic classification. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69:616–624.
  • 20. Wittsiepe J, Schnell K, Hilbig A, et al. Dietary intake of nickel and zinc by young children – results from food duplicate portion measurements in comparison to data calculated from dietary records and available data on levels in food group. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2009; 23:183–194.
  • 21. Van Nhien N, Cong Khan N, Xuan Ninh N, et al. Micronutrient deficiencies and anemia among preschool children in rural Vietnam. Pac J Clin Nutr 2008; 17:48–55.
  • 22. Abrams SA. Zinc deficiency and supplementation in children and adolescents. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/zinc-deficiency-and-supplementation-in-children-and-adolescents. Updated August 2013. [Accessed 16 April 2014].
  • 23. American Academy of Pediatrics. Trace elements. In: Kleinman RE, editor. Pediatric nutrition handbook, 6th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2009. pp. 423–431.
  • 24. Leonard D, Koca R, Acun C, et al. Visual diagnosis: three infants who have perioral and acral skin lesions. Pediatr Rev 2007; 28:312–318.
  • 25. Zinc in Soils and Crop Nutrition, 2008. http://www.zinc.org /wpcontent/uploads/sites/4/2015/01/2008_IZA_IFA_ZincInSoils.pdf (accessed November 21, 2016).
  • 26. Abrams SA. Zinc deficiency and supplementation in children and adolescents. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/zinc-deficiency-and-supplementation-in-children-and-adolescents. Updated August 2013. [Accessed 16 April 2014].
  • 27. Ghasemi A, Zahediasl S, Hosseini-Esfahani F, et al. Pediatric reference values for serum zinc concentration in Iranian subjects and an assessment of their dietary zinc intakes. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:1254–1256.
  • 28. Penny ME. Zinc supplementation in public health. Ann Nutr Metab 2013; 62:31–42.
  • 29. National Research Council. Zinc. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2001. pp. 442–501.
  • 30. Lonnerdal B. Dietary factorsinfluencing zinc absorption. J Nutr 2000; 130:1378S–1383S.
  • 31. Foster M, Chu A, Petocz P, Samman S. Effect of vegetarian diets on zinc status: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in humans. J Sci Food Agric 2013; 93:2362–2371.
  • 32. Sheu J, Huang J. Erythematous scaly plaques and papules in a 9-month old infant. J Pediatr 2013; 163:1222.
  • 33. Brown KH, Hess SY, Vosti SA, Baker SK. Comparison of the estimated costeffectiveness of preventive and therapeutic zinc supplementation strategies for reducing child morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Food Nutr Bull 2013; 34:199–214.
  • 34. Ariff S, Krebs NF, Soofi S, et al. Absorbed zinc and exchangeable zinc pool size are greater in Pakistani infants receiving traditional complementary foods with zinc-fortified micronutrient powder. J Nutr 2014; 144:20–26.
  • 35. National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. Zinc: fact sheet for health professionals. http://ods.od.nih. gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/. [Accessed 14 April 2014].
  • 36. Sandalcı O, Molvalılar S, Azizierli H et al. Endokrinoloji,Metabolizma ve Beslenme Hastalıkları. Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, 200ı; 783-84.
  • 37. Neyzi O, Ertuğrul T, Saner G. Mikroelementler (çinko). Pediatri 2002; cilt 1, 3. baskı, 174-75.
  • 38. Cole AC. Zinc deficientrats are insensitive to glucoprivation caused by 2-deoxy-D-glucose. Nutr Neurosci 2002; 5(1): 59-64.
  • 39. Arcasoy A. Çinko ve çinko eksikliği. Ankara Talasemi Derneği Yayınları, 2. Baskı, 2002; ı -23.
  • 40. Bailey RL, West KP Jr, Black RE. The epidemiology of global micronutrient defi ciencies. Ann Nutr Metab 2015;66 Suppl 2:22-33.
  • 41. Underwood BA. Perspectives from micronutrient malnutrition elimination/eradication programmes.
  • 42. Tuerk MJ, Fazel N. Zinc deficiency. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2009;25:136-43.
  • 43. Harrison T.R, Kasper D.L, Braunwald E et al.Harrison's Principles oflnternal Medicine, 16th Edition.Minerals (zinc):page 409.
  • 44. Dogus Vuralli, Leyla Tumer, Alev Hasanoglu.Zinc defi ciency in the pediatric age group is common but underevaluated.World J Pediatr January 2017.
  • 45. Shrimpton R, Shankar AH. Zinc deficiency. In: Semba RD, Bloem MW, editors. Nutrition and health in developing countries. 2nd ed. Totowa (NJ): Humana Press (Springer Science and Media LLC); 2008.
  • 46. Domellof M, Hernell O, Abrams SA, Chen Z, L € onnerdal B. Iron € supplementation does not affect copper and zinc absorption in breastfed infants. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89:185-90.
  • 47. Shaikhkhalil AK, Curtiss J, Puthoff TD, Valentine CJ. Enteral zinc supplementation and growth in extremely-low-birthweight infants with chronic lung disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58:185–189.
  • 48. Ruktanonchai D, Lowe M, Norton SA, et al. Zinc deficiencyassociated dermatitis in infants during a nationwide shortage of injectable zinc – Washington, DC, and Houston, Texas, 2012–2013. Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep 2014; 63:35–37.
  • 49. Pilch SM, Senti FR. Analysis of zinc data from the second national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES II). J Nutr 1985;115:1393-7
  • 50. Frederickson C, Danscher G. Zinc-containing neurons in hippocampus and related CNS structures. Prog Brain Res 1990;83:71-84.
  • 51. Sandstead HH. Zinc: essentiality for brain development and function. Nutr Rev 1985;43:130-7
  • 52. Yanagisawa H. Zinc deficiency and clinical practice. Japan Medical Association Journal 2004;47:359-64.
  • 53. Kumar P, Lal NR, Mondal AK, Mondal A, Gharami RC, Maiti A. Zinc and skin: a brief summary. Dermatol Online J 2012;18:1.
  • 54. Norton SA, Soghier L, Hatfield J, et al. Notes from the field: zinc deficiency dermatitis in cholestatic extremely premature infants after a nationwide shortage of injectable zinc – Washington, DC, December 2012. Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep 2013; 62:136–137.
  • 55. Jeejeebhoy K. Zinc: an essential trace element for parenteral nutrition. Gastroenterology 2009; 137:7–12.
  • 56. Yanagisawa H. Zinc deficiency and clinical practice. Japan Medical Association Journal 2004;47:359-64.
  • 57. Jen M, Yan AC. Syndromes associated with nutritional deficiency and excess. Clin Dermatol 2010;28:669-85
  • 58. Maverakis E, Fung MA, Lynch PJ, Draznin M, Michael DJ, Ruben B, et al. Acrodermatitis enteropathica and an overview of zinc metabolism. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;56:116-24.
  • 59. Cole CR, Grant FK, Swaby-Ellis ED, Smith JL, Jacques A, Northrop-Clewes CA, et al. Zinc and iron deficiency and their interrelations in low-income African American and Hispanic children in Atlanta. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:1027-34.
  • 60. Dufner-Beattie J, Wang F, Kuo Y-M, Gitschier J, Eide D, Andrews GK. The acrodermatitis enteropathica gene ZIP4 encodes a tissue-specific,zinc-regulated zinc transporter in mice. J Biol Chem 2003;278:33474-81. 61. Yanagisawa H. Zinc deficiency and clinical practice. Japan Medical Association Journal 2004;47:359-64.
  • 62. Fosmire GJ. Zinc toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:225-7.
  • 63. handra RK. Excessive intake of zinc impairs immune responses. J Am Med Assoc 1984; 252:1443–1446.

Year 2020, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 13 - 19, 01.02.2020

Murat Doğan

Abstract

References

  • 1. Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs.Jonathan, R.Swann (2018) Metabolic Phenotyping of malnutrition during the first 1000 days of life Eur J Nutr. 2018 Apr 11.
  • 2. Walker SP ,Wachs TD,Gardner JM, Lozoff B, Wasserman GA,Pollitt E,Carter JA,İnternational Child Developmentsteering G (2007) Child Development :risk factorsfor adverse outcomes in developing countries.Lancet 369 (9556) :145-147.
  • 3. Black RE, Victoria CE, Volker SP, Bhutta ZA,Christian P, de Onis M, Ezzati M, Grantham-McGroger S, Katz J,Martorell R, Uauy R,Maternal, Child Nutrition Study G(2003).Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries.Lancet 382(9890):427-451.
  • 4. Guerrnat RL, DeBoer MD,Moore SR,Scharf RJ,Lima AA(2013)The improverihed gut-a triple burden of diarrhoea,stunting and chronic disease .Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 10(4):220-229.
  • 5. Caulfied L,Black R(2004) Comperative quantification of health risk.Geneva:Worl Health Organization.İn:Ezzati M(ed) Comparative quantification of health risk.World Health Organization,Geneva,pp257-280.
  • 6. Garg HK,Singhal KC,Arshad Z(1993)A study of the effect of oralzinc supplementation during pregnancy on pregnancy outcome.İndian JPhysiol Pharmacol 37(4):276-284.
  • 7. Meaddows N,Ruse W,Keeling PW,Scopes JW,Thompson RP (1983)Peripheral blood leucocyte zinc depletion in babies with intaruterine growth retardation.Arch Dis Child 58(10):807-809.
  • 8. Lopez V, Keen CL, Lanoue L(2008)Prenatalzinc deficiency:İnfluence on heart morphology and dsitrubition of key heart proteins in arat model.Biol Trace Elem Res 122(3):238-255.
  • 9. Caulfield LE, Zavaleta N, Shankar AH, Merialdi M(1998) Potential contribution of maternal zinc supplementation during pregnancy tomaternal and child survival.Am J Clinc.Nutr 68(2 suppl):499S-508S.
  • 10. Chen MD, Lin P, Sheu W. Zinc status in plasma of obese individuals during glucose administration. Biol Trace Elem Res 1997; 60:123-9.
  • 11. Vallee BL, Falchuk H. The biochemical basis of zinc physiology. Physiol Rev 1993; 73:79-117.
  • 12. Corbo MD, Lam J. Zinc deficiency and its management in the pediatric population: a literature review and proposed etiologic classification. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2013 Oct;69(4):616-624.
  • 13. Kültürsay N , Bilgen H , Türkyılmaz C. Prematüre ve hasta term bebeğin beslenmesi rehberi 2014; 7.
  • 14. Shankar AH, Prasad AS. Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1998 Aug;68(2 Suppl):447S-463S.
  • 15. Ogawa Y, Kinoshita M, Shimada S, Kawamura T. Zinc and Skin Disorders. Nutrients. 2018 Feb 11;10(2).
  • 16. Gupta M, Mahajan VK, Mehta KS, Chauhan PS. Zinc therapy in dermatology: a review. Dermatol Res Pract. 2014;2014:709152.
  • 17. Kawade R. Zinc status and its association with the health of adolescents: a review of studies in India. Global Health Action 2012; 5:7353. doi: 10.3402/ gha.v5i0.7353.
  • 18. Gibson RS. A historical review of progress in the assessment of dietary zinc intake as an indicator of population zinc status. Adv Nutr 2012; 3:772– 782.
  • 19. Corbo M, Lam J. Zinc deficiency and its management in the pediatric population: a literature review and proposed etiologic classification. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69:616–624.
  • 20. Wittsiepe J, Schnell K, Hilbig A, et al. Dietary intake of nickel and zinc by young children – results from food duplicate portion measurements in comparison to data calculated from dietary records and available data on levels in food group. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2009; 23:183–194.
  • 21. Van Nhien N, Cong Khan N, Xuan Ninh N, et al. Micronutrient deficiencies and anemia among preschool children in rural Vietnam. Pac J Clin Nutr 2008; 17:48–55.
  • 22. Abrams SA. Zinc deficiency and supplementation in children and adolescents. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/zinc-deficiency-and-supplementation-in-children-and-adolescents. Updated August 2013. [Accessed 16 April 2014].
  • 23. American Academy of Pediatrics. Trace elements. In: Kleinman RE, editor. Pediatric nutrition handbook, 6th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2009. pp. 423–431.
  • 24. Leonard D, Koca R, Acun C, et al. Visual diagnosis: three infants who have perioral and acral skin lesions. Pediatr Rev 2007; 28:312–318.
  • 25. Zinc in Soils and Crop Nutrition, 2008. http://www.zinc.org /wpcontent/uploads/sites/4/2015/01/2008_IZA_IFA_ZincInSoils.pdf (accessed November 21, 2016).
  • 26. Abrams SA. Zinc deficiency and supplementation in children and adolescents. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/zinc-deficiency-and-supplementation-in-children-and-adolescents. Updated August 2013. [Accessed 16 April 2014].
  • 27. Ghasemi A, Zahediasl S, Hosseini-Esfahani F, et al. Pediatric reference values for serum zinc concentration in Iranian subjects and an assessment of their dietary zinc intakes. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:1254–1256.
  • 28. Penny ME. Zinc supplementation in public health. Ann Nutr Metab 2013; 62:31–42.
  • 29. National Research Council. Zinc. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2001. pp. 442–501.
  • 30. Lonnerdal B. Dietary factorsinfluencing zinc absorption. J Nutr 2000; 130:1378S–1383S.
  • 31. Foster M, Chu A, Petocz P, Samman S. Effect of vegetarian diets on zinc status: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in humans. J Sci Food Agric 2013; 93:2362–2371.
  • 32. Sheu J, Huang J. Erythematous scaly plaques and papules in a 9-month old infant. J Pediatr 2013; 163:1222.
  • 33. Brown KH, Hess SY, Vosti SA, Baker SK. Comparison of the estimated costeffectiveness of preventive and therapeutic zinc supplementation strategies for reducing child morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Food Nutr Bull 2013; 34:199–214.
  • 34. Ariff S, Krebs NF, Soofi S, et al. Absorbed zinc and exchangeable zinc pool size are greater in Pakistani infants receiving traditional complementary foods with zinc-fortified micronutrient powder. J Nutr 2014; 144:20–26.
  • 35. National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. Zinc: fact sheet for health professionals. http://ods.od.nih. gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/. [Accessed 14 April 2014].
  • 36. Sandalcı O, Molvalılar S, Azizierli H et al. Endokrinoloji,Metabolizma ve Beslenme Hastalıkları. Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, 200ı; 783-84.
  • 37. Neyzi O, Ertuğrul T, Saner G. Mikroelementler (çinko). Pediatri 2002; cilt 1, 3. baskı, 174-75.
  • 38. Cole AC. Zinc deficientrats are insensitive to glucoprivation caused by 2-deoxy-D-glucose. Nutr Neurosci 2002; 5(1): 59-64.
  • 39. Arcasoy A. Çinko ve çinko eksikliği. Ankara Talasemi Derneği Yayınları, 2. Baskı, 2002; ı -23.
  • 40. Bailey RL, West KP Jr, Black RE. The epidemiology of global micronutrient defi ciencies. Ann Nutr Metab 2015;66 Suppl 2:22-33.
  • 41. Underwood BA. Perspectives from micronutrient malnutrition elimination/eradication programmes.
  • 42. Tuerk MJ, Fazel N. Zinc deficiency. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2009;25:136-43.
  • 43. Harrison T.R, Kasper D.L, Braunwald E et al.Harrison's Principles oflnternal Medicine, 16th Edition.Minerals (zinc):page 409.
  • 44. Dogus Vuralli, Leyla Tumer, Alev Hasanoglu.Zinc defi ciency in the pediatric age group is common but underevaluated.World J Pediatr January 2017.
  • 45. Shrimpton R, Shankar AH. Zinc deficiency. In: Semba RD, Bloem MW, editors. Nutrition and health in developing countries. 2nd ed. Totowa (NJ): Humana Press (Springer Science and Media LLC); 2008.
  • 46. Domellof M, Hernell O, Abrams SA, Chen Z, L € onnerdal B. Iron € supplementation does not affect copper and zinc absorption in breastfed infants. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89:185-90.
  • 47. Shaikhkhalil AK, Curtiss J, Puthoff TD, Valentine CJ. Enteral zinc supplementation and growth in extremely-low-birthweight infants with chronic lung disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58:185–189.
  • 48. Ruktanonchai D, Lowe M, Norton SA, et al. Zinc deficiencyassociated dermatitis in infants during a nationwide shortage of injectable zinc – Washington, DC, and Houston, Texas, 2012–2013. Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep 2014; 63:35–37.
  • 49. Pilch SM, Senti FR. Analysis of zinc data from the second national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES II). J Nutr 1985;115:1393-7
  • 50. Frederickson C, Danscher G. Zinc-containing neurons in hippocampus and related CNS structures. Prog Brain Res 1990;83:71-84.
  • 51. Sandstead HH. Zinc: essentiality for brain development and function. Nutr Rev 1985;43:130-7
  • 52. Yanagisawa H. Zinc deficiency and clinical practice. Japan Medical Association Journal 2004;47:359-64.
  • 53. Kumar P, Lal NR, Mondal AK, Mondal A, Gharami RC, Maiti A. Zinc and skin: a brief summary. Dermatol Online J 2012;18:1.
  • 54. Norton SA, Soghier L, Hatfield J, et al. Notes from the field: zinc deficiency dermatitis in cholestatic extremely premature infants after a nationwide shortage of injectable zinc – Washington, DC, December 2012. Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep 2013; 62:136–137.
  • 55. Jeejeebhoy K. Zinc: an essential trace element for parenteral nutrition. Gastroenterology 2009; 137:7–12.
  • 56. Yanagisawa H. Zinc deficiency and clinical practice. Japan Medical Association Journal 2004;47:359-64.
  • 57. Jen M, Yan AC. Syndromes associated with nutritional deficiency and excess. Clin Dermatol 2010;28:669-85
  • 58. Maverakis E, Fung MA, Lynch PJ, Draznin M, Michael DJ, Ruben B, et al. Acrodermatitis enteropathica and an overview of zinc metabolism. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;56:116-24.
  • 59. Cole CR, Grant FK, Swaby-Ellis ED, Smith JL, Jacques A, Northrop-Clewes CA, et al. Zinc and iron deficiency and their interrelations in low-income African American and Hispanic children in Atlanta. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:1027-34.
  • 60. Dufner-Beattie J, Wang F, Kuo Y-M, Gitschier J, Eide D, Andrews GK. The acrodermatitis enteropathica gene ZIP4 encodes a tissue-specific,zinc-regulated zinc transporter in mice. J Biol Chem 2003;278:33474-81. 61. Yanagisawa H. Zinc deficiency and clinical practice. Japan Medical Association Journal 2004;47:359-64.
  • 62. Fosmire GJ. Zinc toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:225-7.
  • 63. handra RK. Excessive intake of zinc impairs immune responses. J Am Med Assoc 1984; 252:1443–1446.
There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section makale
Authors

Murat Doğan This is me

Publication Date February 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Doğan, M. (2020). Çinko Eksikliği ve Fazlalığı. Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi, 12(1), 13-19.
AMA Doğan M. Çinko Eksikliği ve Fazlalığı. Pediatri. February 2020;12(1):13-19.
Chicago Doğan, Murat. “Çinko Eksikliği Ve Fazlalığı”. Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi 12, no. 1 (February 2020): 13-19.
EndNote Doğan M (February 1, 2020) Çinko Eksikliği ve Fazlalığı. Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi 12 1 13–19.
IEEE M. Doğan, “Çinko Eksikliği ve Fazlalığı”, Pediatri, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 13–19, 2020.
ISNAD Doğan, Murat. “Çinko Eksikliği Ve Fazlalığı”. Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi 12/1 (February 2020), 13-19.
JAMA Doğan M. Çinko Eksikliği ve Fazlalığı. Pediatri. 2020;12:13–19.
MLA Doğan, Murat. “Çinko Eksikliği Ve Fazlalığı”. Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 1, 2020, pp. 13-19.
Vancouver Doğan M. Çinko Eksikliği ve Fazlalığı. Pediatri. 2020;12(1):13-9.
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