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Anne Sütüne ve Emzirmeye Genel Bakış

Year 2020, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 20 - 25, 01.02.2020

Abstract

Anne sütü; yenidoğan bir bebeğin büyümesi ve gelişimi gerekli olan tüm besin öğelerini içeren, sindirimi kolay, biyoyararlanımı yüksek, doğal bir besindir. Günümüzde anne sütünün bebek için en iyi besin kaynağı olduğu Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ),
UNICEF gibi pek çok uluslararası kuruluşlar tarafından kabul edilmektedir. Anne sütünün ve emzirmenin hem bebek hem de anne için başta beslenme olmak üzere, bağışıklık, gelişimsel, psikolojik, sosyal ve ekonomik yönden pek çok yararları vardır.
Anne sütünün, yeni doğan için en iyi beslenme şekli olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. Anne sütünün bebek için öneminin bilinmesine rağmen dünya genelinde ve ülkemizde anne
sütü ile beslenme oranları beklentinin altındadır. İlk altı ayda bebeklerin sadece anne
sütüyle beslenmesi ve 6. aydan sonra tamamlayıcı beslenme ile emzirmenin 2 yaşına
kadar sürdürülmesi ile yılda yaklaşık 1.3 milyon bebek ölümünün önlenebileceği hesaplanmaktadır. Anne sütü bu kadar önemli olmasına rağmen, bebeklerin anne sütü ile
beslenmeleri halen istenen düzeyde değildir. Bu konuda çocuk hekimlerine ve sağlık
profesyonellerine büyük sorumluluklar düşmektedir.

References

  • 1. Ateşağaoğlu P, Mete M, Gökçay G, Tamay Z, Yetim A. Anne sütü ile beslenmenin çocuk ruh sağlığına etkileri. Çocuk Dergisi 2013; 13 (3):101-108.
  • 2. Atıcı A, Polat S, Turhan AH. Anne sütü ile beslenme. Türkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr Sci 2007; 3 (6): 1-5.
  • 3. Gökçay G. Yaşamın İlk 2 Yılında Çocuk Sağlığı ve Bakımı. İstanbul: Saga Yayıncılık, 2. Baskı, 2011.
  • 4. Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması TNSA. Emzirme ve Ek Gıda. Hacettepe Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Ana Çocuk Sağlığı ve Aile Planlaması Genel Müdürlüğü. 2003.
  • 5. Irmak N. Anne sütünün önemi ve ilk 6 ay sadece anne sütü vermeyi etkileyen unsurlar. J Turkish Family Physician 2016; 7 (2): e-ISSN: 2148-550X.
  • 6. Ünsal H, Atlıhan F, Özkan H, Targan Ş, Hassoy H. Toplumda anne sütü verme eğilimi ve buna etki eden faktörler. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2005; 8: 226-233.
  • 7. Çağla Şafak, Nihal Ata Tutkun. Anne sütü ile beslenme sürelerinin yaşam çözümlemesi ile incelenmesi: Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti örneği. İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hast. Dergisi 2015; 5 (3): 167-176.
  • 8. https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/pdf/2013breastfeedingreportcard.pdf
  • 9. Ünsal H, Altıhan F, Özkan H, Targan S, Hassoy H. Toplumda anne sütü verme eğilimi ve buna etki eden faktörler. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2005; 48: 226-233.
  • 10. Bertini G, Perugi S, Dani C, Pezzati M, Tronchin M, Rubaltelli FF. Maternal education and the incidence and duration of breast feeding: a prospective study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2003; 37 (4): 447-452.
  • 11. Gartner LM, Morton J, Lawrence RA, et al. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics 2005; 115 (2) :496-506.
  • 12. Hill PD. Effects of education on breastfeeding success. Matern Child Nurs J 1987; 16 (2): 145-156.
  • 13.Imdad A, Yakoob MY, Bhutta ZA. Effect of breastfeeding promotion interventions on breastfeeding rates, with special focus on developing countries. BMC Public Health 2011; 11 (3): S24.
  • 14. Gizem Samlı ve ark. Annelerin emzirme ve süt çocuğu beslenmesi konusundaki bilgi, inanış ve uygulamaları: niteliksel bir araştırma. Marmara Medical Journal 2006; 19 (1); 13-20.
  • 15. Handa D1, Schanler RJ. Role of the pediatrician in breastfeeding management. Pediatr Clin North Am 2013; 60 (1): 1-10.
  • 16. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine and Bright Futures Steering Committee. Recommendationsfor preventive pediatric health care. Pediatrics 2007; 120 (6): 1376.
  • 17.. Gökçay G. Breastfeeding and child cognitive development. Child: Care, Health and Development 2010; 36: 591.
  • 18. Selimoğlu ve ark. Anne sütü ile beslenmenin ileri yaşama etkileri/Long-term of breasfeeding. Türk Ped Arş 2010; 45: 309- 314.
  • 19. GürE.Anne sütü ile beslenme. TürkPedArş 2007; 42: 11-15. 20. Horta et al., Breastfeeding and intelligence. Acta Pediatrica 2015; 104: 14-19.
  • 21. Isaacs EB1, Fischl BR, Quinn BT, Chong WK, Gadian DG, Lucas A. Impact of breast milk on intelligence quotient, brain size, and white matter development Pediatr Res 2010; 67 (4): 357-362.
  • 22. Owen CG1, Martin RM, Whincup PH, Smith GD, Cook DG. Effect of infant feeding on the risk of obesity across the life course: a quantitative review of published evidence. Pediatrics 2005; 115 (5): 1367-1377.
  • 23. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics 2012; 129: 827-841.
  • 24. Ip S, Chung M, Raman G, et al., Tufts-New England Medical Center Evidence-based Practice Center. Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep) 2007; 153 (153): 1–186.
  • 25. Ip S, Chung M, Raman G, Trikalinos TA, Lau J. A summary of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s evidence report on breastfeeding in developed countries. Breastfeed Med 2009; 4 (Suppl 1): S17–S30.
  • 26. Barclay AR, Russell RK, Wilson ML, Gilmour WH, Satsangi J, Wilson DC. Systematic review: the role of breastfeeding in the development of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr 2009; 155 (3): 421–426.
  • 27. Akobeng AK, Ramanan AV, Buchan I, Heller RF. Effect of breast feeding on risk of coeliac disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Arch Dis Child 2006; 91 (1): 39–43.
  • 28. Duijts L, Jaddoe VW, Hofman A, Moll HA. Prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding reduces the risk of infectious diseases in infancy. Pediatrics 2010; 126 (1).
  • 29. Rosenbauer J, Herzig P, Giani G. Early infant feeding and risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus—a nationwide population-based case-control study in pre-school children. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2008; 24 (3): 211–222.
  • 30. Bener A, Hoffmann GF, Afify Z, Rasul K, Tewfik I. Does prolonged breastfeeding reduce the risk for childhood leukemia and lymphomas? Minerva Pediatr 2008; 60 (2): 155–161.
  • 31. Rudant J, Orsi L, Menegaux F, et al. Childhood acute leukemia, early common infections, and allergy: The ESCALE Study. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 172 (9): 1015–1102.
  • 32. Kwan ML, Buffler PA, Abrams B, Kiley VA. Breastfeeding and the risk of childhood leukemia: a meta-analysis. Public Health Rep 2004; 119 (6): 521–535.
  • 33. Julvez j, et al attention behavior and hyperactivity at age 4 and duration of breast-feeding. Acta Paediatr 2007; 96 (6): 842-847.
  • 34. Poton WL, Soares ALG, Oliveira ERA, Gonçalves H. Breastfeeding and behavior disorders among children and adolescents: a systematic review. Rev Saude Publica 2018; 52: 9. doi: 10.11606/S1518-8787.2018052000439.
  • 35. Quigley MA, Kelly YJ, Sacker A. Breastfeeding and hospitalization for diarrheal and respiratory infection in the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort study. Pediatrics 2007; 119 (4).
  • 36. Klein N, Schewertmann A, Peters M, Kunz C, Strobel S. Immunomodulatory effects of breast milk oligosaccharides. Adv Exp Med Biol 2000; 478: 251-259.
  • 37. Halken S. Prevention of allergic disease in childhood: clinical and epidemiological aspects of primary and secondary allergy prevention. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2004; 15 Suppl 16: 4-5, 9-32.
  • 38. Sullivan S, Schanler RJ, Kim JH, et al. An exclusively human milk-based diet is associated with a lower rate of necrotizing enterocolitis than a diet of human milk and bovine milk-based products. J Pediatr 2010; 156 (4): 562– 567.
  • 39.Lucas A, Cole TJ. Breast milk and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Lancet 1990; 336: 1519–1523.
  • 40. Hylander MA, Strobino DM, Dhanireddy R. Human milk feedings and infection among very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 1998; 102 (3).
  • 41. Okamoto T, Shirai M, Kokubo M, et al. Human milk reduces the risk of retinal detachment in extremely low-birthweight infants. Pediatr Int 2007; 49 (6): 894–897.
  • 42. El-Mohandes AE, Picard MB, Simmens SJ, Keiser, JF. Use of human milk in the intensive care nursery decreases the incidence of nosocomial sepsis. J Perinatol 1997; 17: 130–134.
  • 43. Hylander MA, Strobino DM, Dhanireddy R. Human milk feedings and infection among very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 1998; 102 (3).
  • 44. Schanler RJ1, Shulman RJ, Lau C. Feeding strategies for premature infants: beneficial outcomes of feeding fortified human milk versus preterm formula. Pediatrics 1999; 103 (6 Pt 1): 1150-1157.
  • 45. Vohr BR, Poindexter BB, Dusick AM, et al. NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Beneficial effects of breast milk in the neonatal intensive care unit on the developmental outcome of extremely low birth weight infants at 18 months of age. Pediatrics 2006; 118 (1).
  • 46. Vohr BR, Poindexter BB, Dusick AM, et al. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Research Network. Persistent beneficial effects of breast milk ingested in the neonatal intensive care unit on outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants at 30 months of age. Pediatrics 2007; 120 (4).
  • 47. Chen A, Rogan WJ. Breastfeeding and the risk of postneonatal death in the United States. Pediatrics 2004; 113 (5).
  • 48. Nathan L, Decherney A. Current Obstetrik &Gynecologic Diagnosis & Treatment, 9th Ed. McGraw-Hill Companies, 2003.
  • 49. İnce Z. Temel Yenidoğan Sağlığında Anne Sütünün Önemi ve Emzirme. Ankara: Baran Ofset, 2005: 37-39.
  • 50. Paton LM, Alexander JL, Nowson CA, et al. Pregnancy and lactation have no long-term deleterious effect on measures of bone mineral in healthy women: a twin study. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77: 707–714.
  • 51. Öztürk H, Demir Ü. Erken devrede emzirmenin anne-bebek sağlığı açısından yararları. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2001; 4 (2); 58-62.
  • 52. Taşkın L. Anne Sütünün Yararları. Doğum ve Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği. Ankara: Sistem Ofset 2002: 385-386.
  • 53. Righard L, Alade MO. Effect of delivery room routines on success of first breast-feed. Lancet.1990; 336:1105–1107.
  • 54. Wiberg B, Humble K, de Chateau P. Long-term effect on mother–infant behavior of extra contact during the first hour postpartum follow-up at three years. Scand J Soc Med 1989; 17: 181–191.
  • 55-. http://www.neonatology.org.tr/wpcontent/uploads/2016/12/ term_beslenme_2018.
  • 56. Anderson GC. Risk in mother–infantseparation post birth. IMAGE: J Nurs Sch 1989; 21: 196–199.
  • 57. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Nutrition. Pediatric Nutrition Handbook. 3rd ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: AAP; 1993:7.
  • 58. Shrago L. Glucose water supplementation of the breastfed infant during the first three days of life. J Human Lactation 1987; 3: 82–86.
  • 59. Metin B, Akın A, Güngör İ. Dünya Sağlık Raporu 1998. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Dışİlişkiler Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara 1998.
  • 60. WHO. World Health Report: Fighting disease, Fostering development. mesi konusundaki bilgi, inanış ve uygulamaları: niteliksel bir araştırma.Marmara Medical Journal 2006;19(1);13-20
  • 52. Handa D1, Schanler RJ. Role of the pediatrician in breastfeeding management .Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013 Feb;60(1):1-10.
  • 53. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine and Bright Futures Steering Committee. Recommendationsfor preventive pediatric health care. Pediatrics. 2007;120(6):1376
  • 54. Righard L, Alade MO. Effect of delivery room routines on success of first breast-feed. Lancet.1990; 336:1105–1107.
  • 55. Wiberg B, Humble K, de Chateau P.Long-term effect on mother–infant behavior of extra contact during the first hour post partum v follow-up at three years. Scand J Soc Med( 1989). 17:181–191.
  • 56. http://www.neonatology.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/ term_beslenme_2018.
  • 57. Anderson GC. Risk in mother–infantseparation postbirth. IMAGE: J Nurs Sch. 1989;21:196–199
  • 58. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Nutrition. Pediatric Nutrition Handbook. 3rd ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: AAP; 1993:7
  • 59. Shrago L (1987) Glucose water supplementation of the breastfed infant during the first three days of life. J Human Lactation. 3:82–86.
  • 60. Metin B, Akın A, Güngör İ. Dünya Sağlık Raporu 1998. TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Dışİlişkiler Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara 1998.
  • 61. WHO. World Health Report: Fighting disease, Fostering development.
Year 2020, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 20 - 25, 01.02.2020

Abstract

References

  • 1. Ateşağaoğlu P, Mete M, Gökçay G, Tamay Z, Yetim A. Anne sütü ile beslenmenin çocuk ruh sağlığına etkileri. Çocuk Dergisi 2013; 13 (3):101-108.
  • 2. Atıcı A, Polat S, Turhan AH. Anne sütü ile beslenme. Türkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr Sci 2007; 3 (6): 1-5.
  • 3. Gökçay G. Yaşamın İlk 2 Yılında Çocuk Sağlığı ve Bakımı. İstanbul: Saga Yayıncılık, 2. Baskı, 2011.
  • 4. Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması TNSA. Emzirme ve Ek Gıda. Hacettepe Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Ana Çocuk Sağlığı ve Aile Planlaması Genel Müdürlüğü. 2003.
  • 5. Irmak N. Anne sütünün önemi ve ilk 6 ay sadece anne sütü vermeyi etkileyen unsurlar. J Turkish Family Physician 2016; 7 (2): e-ISSN: 2148-550X.
  • 6. Ünsal H, Atlıhan F, Özkan H, Targan Ş, Hassoy H. Toplumda anne sütü verme eğilimi ve buna etki eden faktörler. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2005; 8: 226-233.
  • 7. Çağla Şafak, Nihal Ata Tutkun. Anne sütü ile beslenme sürelerinin yaşam çözümlemesi ile incelenmesi: Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti örneği. İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hast. Dergisi 2015; 5 (3): 167-176.
  • 8. https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/pdf/2013breastfeedingreportcard.pdf
  • 9. Ünsal H, Altıhan F, Özkan H, Targan S, Hassoy H. Toplumda anne sütü verme eğilimi ve buna etki eden faktörler. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2005; 48: 226-233.
  • 10. Bertini G, Perugi S, Dani C, Pezzati M, Tronchin M, Rubaltelli FF. Maternal education and the incidence and duration of breast feeding: a prospective study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2003; 37 (4): 447-452.
  • 11. Gartner LM, Morton J, Lawrence RA, et al. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics 2005; 115 (2) :496-506.
  • 12. Hill PD. Effects of education on breastfeeding success. Matern Child Nurs J 1987; 16 (2): 145-156.
  • 13.Imdad A, Yakoob MY, Bhutta ZA. Effect of breastfeeding promotion interventions on breastfeeding rates, with special focus on developing countries. BMC Public Health 2011; 11 (3): S24.
  • 14. Gizem Samlı ve ark. Annelerin emzirme ve süt çocuğu beslenmesi konusundaki bilgi, inanış ve uygulamaları: niteliksel bir araştırma. Marmara Medical Journal 2006; 19 (1); 13-20.
  • 15. Handa D1, Schanler RJ. Role of the pediatrician in breastfeeding management. Pediatr Clin North Am 2013; 60 (1): 1-10.
  • 16. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine and Bright Futures Steering Committee. Recommendationsfor preventive pediatric health care. Pediatrics 2007; 120 (6): 1376.
  • 17.. Gökçay G. Breastfeeding and child cognitive development. Child: Care, Health and Development 2010; 36: 591.
  • 18. Selimoğlu ve ark. Anne sütü ile beslenmenin ileri yaşama etkileri/Long-term of breasfeeding. Türk Ped Arş 2010; 45: 309- 314.
  • 19. GürE.Anne sütü ile beslenme. TürkPedArş 2007; 42: 11-15. 20. Horta et al., Breastfeeding and intelligence. Acta Pediatrica 2015; 104: 14-19.
  • 21. Isaacs EB1, Fischl BR, Quinn BT, Chong WK, Gadian DG, Lucas A. Impact of breast milk on intelligence quotient, brain size, and white matter development Pediatr Res 2010; 67 (4): 357-362.
  • 22. Owen CG1, Martin RM, Whincup PH, Smith GD, Cook DG. Effect of infant feeding on the risk of obesity across the life course: a quantitative review of published evidence. Pediatrics 2005; 115 (5): 1367-1377.
  • 23. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics 2012; 129: 827-841.
  • 24. Ip S, Chung M, Raman G, et al., Tufts-New England Medical Center Evidence-based Practice Center. Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep) 2007; 153 (153): 1–186.
  • 25. Ip S, Chung M, Raman G, Trikalinos TA, Lau J. A summary of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s evidence report on breastfeeding in developed countries. Breastfeed Med 2009; 4 (Suppl 1): S17–S30.
  • 26. Barclay AR, Russell RK, Wilson ML, Gilmour WH, Satsangi J, Wilson DC. Systematic review: the role of breastfeeding in the development of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr 2009; 155 (3): 421–426.
  • 27. Akobeng AK, Ramanan AV, Buchan I, Heller RF. Effect of breast feeding on risk of coeliac disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Arch Dis Child 2006; 91 (1): 39–43.
  • 28. Duijts L, Jaddoe VW, Hofman A, Moll HA. Prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding reduces the risk of infectious diseases in infancy. Pediatrics 2010; 126 (1).
  • 29. Rosenbauer J, Herzig P, Giani G. Early infant feeding and risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus—a nationwide population-based case-control study in pre-school children. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2008; 24 (3): 211–222.
  • 30. Bener A, Hoffmann GF, Afify Z, Rasul K, Tewfik I. Does prolonged breastfeeding reduce the risk for childhood leukemia and lymphomas? Minerva Pediatr 2008; 60 (2): 155–161.
  • 31. Rudant J, Orsi L, Menegaux F, et al. Childhood acute leukemia, early common infections, and allergy: The ESCALE Study. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 172 (9): 1015–1102.
  • 32. Kwan ML, Buffler PA, Abrams B, Kiley VA. Breastfeeding and the risk of childhood leukemia: a meta-analysis. Public Health Rep 2004; 119 (6): 521–535.
  • 33. Julvez j, et al attention behavior and hyperactivity at age 4 and duration of breast-feeding. Acta Paediatr 2007; 96 (6): 842-847.
  • 34. Poton WL, Soares ALG, Oliveira ERA, Gonçalves H. Breastfeeding and behavior disorders among children and adolescents: a systematic review. Rev Saude Publica 2018; 52: 9. doi: 10.11606/S1518-8787.2018052000439.
  • 35. Quigley MA, Kelly YJ, Sacker A. Breastfeeding and hospitalization for diarrheal and respiratory infection in the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort study. Pediatrics 2007; 119 (4).
  • 36. Klein N, Schewertmann A, Peters M, Kunz C, Strobel S. Immunomodulatory effects of breast milk oligosaccharides. Adv Exp Med Biol 2000; 478: 251-259.
  • 37. Halken S. Prevention of allergic disease in childhood: clinical and epidemiological aspects of primary and secondary allergy prevention. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2004; 15 Suppl 16: 4-5, 9-32.
  • 38. Sullivan S, Schanler RJ, Kim JH, et al. An exclusively human milk-based diet is associated with a lower rate of necrotizing enterocolitis than a diet of human milk and bovine milk-based products. J Pediatr 2010; 156 (4): 562– 567.
  • 39.Lucas A, Cole TJ. Breast milk and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Lancet 1990; 336: 1519–1523.
  • 40. Hylander MA, Strobino DM, Dhanireddy R. Human milk feedings and infection among very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 1998; 102 (3).
  • 41. Okamoto T, Shirai M, Kokubo M, et al. Human milk reduces the risk of retinal detachment in extremely low-birthweight infants. Pediatr Int 2007; 49 (6): 894–897.
  • 42. El-Mohandes AE, Picard MB, Simmens SJ, Keiser, JF. Use of human milk in the intensive care nursery decreases the incidence of nosocomial sepsis. J Perinatol 1997; 17: 130–134.
  • 43. Hylander MA, Strobino DM, Dhanireddy R. Human milk feedings and infection among very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 1998; 102 (3).
  • 44. Schanler RJ1, Shulman RJ, Lau C. Feeding strategies for premature infants: beneficial outcomes of feeding fortified human milk versus preterm formula. Pediatrics 1999; 103 (6 Pt 1): 1150-1157.
  • 45. Vohr BR, Poindexter BB, Dusick AM, et al. NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Beneficial effects of breast milk in the neonatal intensive care unit on the developmental outcome of extremely low birth weight infants at 18 months of age. Pediatrics 2006; 118 (1).
  • 46. Vohr BR, Poindexter BB, Dusick AM, et al. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Research Network. Persistent beneficial effects of breast milk ingested in the neonatal intensive care unit on outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants at 30 months of age. Pediatrics 2007; 120 (4).
  • 47. Chen A, Rogan WJ. Breastfeeding and the risk of postneonatal death in the United States. Pediatrics 2004; 113 (5).
  • 48. Nathan L, Decherney A. Current Obstetrik &Gynecologic Diagnosis & Treatment, 9th Ed. McGraw-Hill Companies, 2003.
  • 49. İnce Z. Temel Yenidoğan Sağlığında Anne Sütünün Önemi ve Emzirme. Ankara: Baran Ofset, 2005: 37-39.
  • 50. Paton LM, Alexander JL, Nowson CA, et al. Pregnancy and lactation have no long-term deleterious effect on measures of bone mineral in healthy women: a twin study. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77: 707–714.
  • 51. Öztürk H, Demir Ü. Erken devrede emzirmenin anne-bebek sağlığı açısından yararları. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2001; 4 (2); 58-62.
  • 52. Taşkın L. Anne Sütünün Yararları. Doğum ve Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği. Ankara: Sistem Ofset 2002: 385-386.
  • 53. Righard L, Alade MO. Effect of delivery room routines on success of first breast-feed. Lancet.1990; 336:1105–1107.
  • 54. Wiberg B, Humble K, de Chateau P. Long-term effect on mother–infant behavior of extra contact during the first hour postpartum follow-up at three years. Scand J Soc Med 1989; 17: 181–191.
  • 55-. http://www.neonatology.org.tr/wpcontent/uploads/2016/12/ term_beslenme_2018.
  • 56. Anderson GC. Risk in mother–infantseparation post birth. IMAGE: J Nurs Sch 1989; 21: 196–199.
  • 57. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Nutrition. Pediatric Nutrition Handbook. 3rd ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: AAP; 1993:7.
  • 58. Shrago L. Glucose water supplementation of the breastfed infant during the first three days of life. J Human Lactation 1987; 3: 82–86.
  • 59. Metin B, Akın A, Güngör İ. Dünya Sağlık Raporu 1998. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Dışİlişkiler Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara 1998.
  • 60. WHO. World Health Report: Fighting disease, Fostering development. mesi konusundaki bilgi, inanış ve uygulamaları: niteliksel bir araştırma.Marmara Medical Journal 2006;19(1);13-20
  • 52. Handa D1, Schanler RJ. Role of the pediatrician in breastfeeding management .Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013 Feb;60(1):1-10.
  • 53. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine and Bright Futures Steering Committee. Recommendationsfor preventive pediatric health care. Pediatrics. 2007;120(6):1376
  • 54. Righard L, Alade MO. Effect of delivery room routines on success of first breast-feed. Lancet.1990; 336:1105–1107.
  • 55. Wiberg B, Humble K, de Chateau P.Long-term effect on mother–infant behavior of extra contact during the first hour post partum v follow-up at three years. Scand J Soc Med( 1989). 17:181–191.
  • 56. http://www.neonatology.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/ term_beslenme_2018.
  • 57. Anderson GC. Risk in mother–infantseparation postbirth. IMAGE: J Nurs Sch. 1989;21:196–199
  • 58. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Nutrition. Pediatric Nutrition Handbook. 3rd ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: AAP; 1993:7
  • 59. Shrago L (1987) Glucose water supplementation of the breastfed infant during the first three days of life. J Human Lactation. 3:82–86.
  • 60. Metin B, Akın A, Güngör İ. Dünya Sağlık Raporu 1998. TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Dışİlişkiler Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara 1998.
  • 61. WHO. World Health Report: Fighting disease, Fostering development.
There are 69 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section makale
Authors

Nevin Cambaz Kurt This is me

Publication Date February 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Cambaz Kurt, N. (2020). Anne Sütüne ve Emzirmeye Genel Bakış. Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi, 12(1), 20-25.
AMA Cambaz Kurt N. Anne Sütüne ve Emzirmeye Genel Bakış. Pediatri. February 2020;12(1):20-25.
Chicago Cambaz Kurt, Nevin. “Anne Sütüne Ve Emzirmeye Genel Bakış”. Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi 12, no. 1 (February 2020): 20-25.
EndNote Cambaz Kurt N (February 1, 2020) Anne Sütüne ve Emzirmeye Genel Bakış. Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi 12 1 20–25.
IEEE N. Cambaz Kurt, “Anne Sütüne ve Emzirmeye Genel Bakış”, Pediatri, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 20–25, 2020.
ISNAD Cambaz Kurt, Nevin. “Anne Sütüne Ve Emzirmeye Genel Bakış”. Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi 12/1 (February 2020), 20-25.
JAMA Cambaz Kurt N. Anne Sütüne ve Emzirmeye Genel Bakış. Pediatri. 2020;12:20–25.
MLA Cambaz Kurt, Nevin. “Anne Sütüne Ve Emzirmeye Genel Bakış”. Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 1, 2020, pp. 20-25.
Vancouver Cambaz Kurt N. Anne Sütüne ve Emzirmeye Genel Bakış. Pediatri. 2020;12(1):20-5.