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Bir afet sosyal psikolojisine doğru: Belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğün toplumsal cinsiyet, KOVİD-19 yüklemeleri ve KOVİD-19 fobisi ile ilişkisi

Year 2023, , 218 - 227, 26.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.23.3.04

Abstract

Kovid-19 pandemisi modern toplumun sürekliliğinde büyük bir kırılma yaratarak pandeminin en temel duygusu olan belirsizliği ortaya çıkarmıştır. Belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük olarak işevuruklaştırılan belirsizliğin daha çok psikopatolojik değişkenlerle (anksiyete, depresyon vb.) ilişkisi araştırılmış, belirsizliğe sosyal psikolojik açıdan yaklaşılmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğün ve Kovid-19 korkusunun sosyal kimlikler (toplumsal cinsiyet, yaş, iş/meslek vb.) aracılığıyla farklı biçimde deneyimlenip deneyimlenmediğini, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğün Kovid-19 pandemisine ilişkin nedensel yüklemelerle ilişkili olup olmadığını ve belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğün Kovid-19 korkusunu ne derece yordadığını saptamaktır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 20-65 yaş arasında toplam 208 (130 kadın %62.5, 78 erkek %37.5) katılımcı oluşturmuştur. Dört veri toplama aracıyla (Katılımcıların sosyal kategori üyeliklerine ilişkin anket, nedensel yükleme anketi, Kovid-19 Fobisi Ölçeği ve Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği) toplanan çalışma verileri Sosyal Bilimler için İstatistik (SPSS) 25.00 Programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Veri analizinde Bağımsız Örneklemler T-Testi, Pearson Korelasyon Testi, tek yönlü ANOVA ve Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon Analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda kadınların erkeklere göre daha yüksek düzeyde Kovid-19 fobisi olduğu, genç kadınların ileri yaştaki kadınlara göre daha belirsizlik tahammülsüzlük (ileriye yönelik belirsizlik alt boyutunda) düzeyinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğün bazı nedensel yüklemeler ile diğerlerine göre daha yüksek düzeyde ilişkili olduğunu ve belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğün her iki cinsiyette Kovid-19 fobisini önemli derecede yordadığını, ama kadınlardaki yordama gücünün daha güçlü olduğunu göstermiştir. Araştırma sonuçları sadece Kovid-19 pandemisinin sosyal psikolojik analizi açısından değil, daha genel bir afet sosyal psikolojisi çerçevesi açısından da değerlendirilmiştir.

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References

  • Altun, F. (2021). Yüzyılın sağlık krizi olarak Kovid-19’un toplumsal yaşama ve kadınların sosyo-ekonomik durumlarına etkileri. Marmara Üniversitesi Kadın ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1), 51-73. DOI: 10.292
  • Arpacı, İ., Karataş, K. & Baloğlu, M. (2020). The development and initial tests for the psychometric properties of the Covid-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S). Personality and Individual Differences, 164, 1-6. htpps://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110108
  • Bakioğlu, F., Korkmaz, O. & Ercan, H. (2020). Fear of Covid-19 and positivity: Mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety and stress. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19, 2369-2382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00331-y
  • Brooke, J. & Jackson, D. (2020). Older people and COVID-19: Isolation, risk and agiesm. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29, 2044-2046. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15274
  • Daryanto, A. Song, Z. & Soopramanien, D. (2022). Covid-19 pandemic as an impetus for pro-environmental behaviours: The role of causal attribution. Personality and Individual Differences, 187, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111415
  • De Luna, I. B. & Van Alphen, F. (2022). The Imaginative co-construction of past and future in times of crisis. In M. Dege & I., Strasser, (Eds.), Global pandemics and epistemic crises in psychology: A socio-philosophical approach (pp. 46-56). New York: Routledge.
  • Demircan, B. (2021). Salgın ve belirsizlik: Öznelliği yeniden düşünmek. D. Ü. Arıboğan ve H: Y. Odabaşı (Ed.), Pandeminin Psikopolitiği kitabı içinde (s. 279-310). İstanbul: İnkılap Yayınevi.
  • Freeman, D., Wait, F., Rosebroke, L., Petit, A., Causier, C., East, A., Jenner, L., Teale, A-L., Carr, L., Mulhall, S., Bold, E. & Lambe, S. (2022). Coronavirus conspiracy beliefs, mistrust and compliance with government quidelines in England. Psychological Medicine, 52 (2), 251–263 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720001890
  • Fryer, D. (2021). Crises within crisis within crises: Global pandemics; Mass unemployment; Anti-Capitalist critique? In I. Strasser & M. Dege (Eds.), The psychology of global crises and crises politics: Intervention, resistance and decolonization (pp. 273-287). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Georgiou, N., Delfabbro, P. & Balzan, R. (2020). Covid-19 related conspiracy beliefs and their relationship with perceived stress and pre-existing conspiracy beliefs. Personality and Individual Differences, 166, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110201
  • Godinic, D., Obrenovic, B. & Khudaykulov, A. (2020). Effects of economic uncertainty on mental health in COVID-19 pandemic context: Social identity disturbance, job uncertainty and psychological well-being model. International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development, 6(1), 61-74.
  • Grennier, S., Barrette, A. M. & Ladouceur, R. (2005). Intolerence of uncertainty and intolerance of ambuguity: Similarities and differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 39 (3), 593-600.
  • McVittie, C. & McCinlay. A. (2017). Attitudes and Attributions. In B. Gough, (Ed.), The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Social Psychology (pp. 269-290). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Osaka, S. & Bellamy, R. (2020). Natural variability or climate change? Stakeholder and citizen perceptions of extreme event attribution. Global Environmental Change, 62, 2-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102070
  • Özdin, S. & Özdin, Ş. B. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: The importance of gender. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(5), 504-511. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020927051
  • Öztürk, Y., Üstünalan, D. & Metin, B. (2020). Pandemi sürecinde kadınların ev içindeki deneyimleri ve evde kalmanın duyguları. Feminist Tahayyül, 1(2), 185-225.
  • Rao, H. & Insead, H. G. (2018). Disasters and community resilience: Spanish flu and formation of retail cooperatives in Norway. Academy of Management Journal, 61(1), 5-25. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2016.0054 Reicher, S., Spears, R., & Haslam, S. A. (2010). Social identity approach in social psychology. In M.S. Wetherell & C. T. Mohanty (Eds.), Sage Identites Handbook (pp. 45-62). London: Sage.
  • Rettie, H. & Daniels, J. (2021). Coping and tolerance of uncertainty: Predictors and mediators of mental health during COVID-19 pandemic. American Psychologist, 76(3), 427-437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/amp0000710 Sarıçam, H., Erguvan, F. M., Akın, A. & Akça, M. Ş. (2014). Belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ölçeği (BTÖ-12) Türkçe formu: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Route Educational and Social Science Journal, 1(3), 148-157.
  • Satici, B., Saricali, Satici, S.A. & Griffiths, M.D. (2020). Intolerance os uncertainty and mental wellbeing: Serial mediation by rumination and fear of COVID-19. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20, 2731-2742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00305-0
  • Schimmenti, A., Billieux, J. & Starcevic, J. (2020). The Four Horseman of Fear: An Integrated Model of Fear Experiences During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Clinical, Neuropsychiatry, 17, 2, 41-45. https://doi.org/10.36131/CN20200202
  • Stenner, P. (2022). The Psychology of Global Crisis Through the Lens of Liminal Experience: Stuck in Middle with SARS-CoV-2. In M. Dege & I. Strasser (Eds.), Global pandemics and epistemic crises in psychology: A socio-philosophical approach (pp. 71-84). New York: Routledge.
  • Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
  • Tateo, L. (2022). Atmos-fear and semiotic devices: How to turn the right to healthcare into a war. In M. Dege & I., Strasser, (Eds.), Global pandemics and epistemic crises in psychology: A socio-philosophical approach (pp. 128-149). New York: Routledge.
  • Uysal, İ., & Kılıç, A. F. (2022). Normal dağılım ikilemi. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 12(1), 220-248. https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.962653
  • Weiner, B. (1985). “Spontaneous” causal thinking. Psychological Bulletin, 97 (1), 74-84.
  • Winner, L. (2021). Preparing for the wrong emergency: Visions of generation changing events. In I. Strasser & M. Dege (Eds.), The psychology of global crises and crises politics: Intervention, resistance and decolonization (pp. 225-240). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • WHO https://covid19.who.int/ 10 Nisan 2023 tarihinde erişilmiştir.

Toward a social psychology of disaster: The relationship intolerance of uncertainty with gender, COVID-19 attributions and COVID-19 phobia

Year 2023, , 218 - 227, 26.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.23.3.04

Abstract

By creating a big rupture in continuities of modern society COVID-19 pandemics gave rise to the feeling of uncertainty, While intolerance of uncertainty has been investigated mostly with psychopathological variables (e.g. anxiety, depression) in the COVID-19 literature, it has seldomly been investigated by a social psychological approach. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between social identities (e.g. gender, age, job/vocation) and other COVID-19 related variables and intolerance of uncertainty and fear of COVID-19, the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty level and the type of causal attribution of COVID-19 pandemics and the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty level and phobia of COVID-19 level. The sample of the study consists of adult individuals between the ages of 20-65. The data of the study were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 25.00 Program. In data analysis Independent Samples T-Test, one way ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Test and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis were applied. The results showed that women's COVID-19 phobia level is higher than man, young women's level of intolerance of uncertainty is higher than older women, there is significant relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and the some type of causal attributions and the intolerance of uncertainty has predicted the COVID-19 phobia significantly. The results of the study are discussed not only in the context of COVID-19, but also the implications that may have for a broader framework of a social psychology of disasters.

Project Number

Yok

References

  • Altun, F. (2021). Yüzyılın sağlık krizi olarak Kovid-19’un toplumsal yaşama ve kadınların sosyo-ekonomik durumlarına etkileri. Marmara Üniversitesi Kadın ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1), 51-73. DOI: 10.292
  • Arpacı, İ., Karataş, K. & Baloğlu, M. (2020). The development and initial tests for the psychometric properties of the Covid-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S). Personality and Individual Differences, 164, 1-6. htpps://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110108
  • Bakioğlu, F., Korkmaz, O. & Ercan, H. (2020). Fear of Covid-19 and positivity: Mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety and stress. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19, 2369-2382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00331-y
  • Brooke, J. & Jackson, D. (2020). Older people and COVID-19: Isolation, risk and agiesm. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29, 2044-2046. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15274
  • Daryanto, A. Song, Z. & Soopramanien, D. (2022). Covid-19 pandemic as an impetus for pro-environmental behaviours: The role of causal attribution. Personality and Individual Differences, 187, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111415
  • De Luna, I. B. & Van Alphen, F. (2022). The Imaginative co-construction of past and future in times of crisis. In M. Dege & I., Strasser, (Eds.), Global pandemics and epistemic crises in psychology: A socio-philosophical approach (pp. 46-56). New York: Routledge.
  • Demircan, B. (2021). Salgın ve belirsizlik: Öznelliği yeniden düşünmek. D. Ü. Arıboğan ve H: Y. Odabaşı (Ed.), Pandeminin Psikopolitiği kitabı içinde (s. 279-310). İstanbul: İnkılap Yayınevi.
  • Freeman, D., Wait, F., Rosebroke, L., Petit, A., Causier, C., East, A., Jenner, L., Teale, A-L., Carr, L., Mulhall, S., Bold, E. & Lambe, S. (2022). Coronavirus conspiracy beliefs, mistrust and compliance with government quidelines in England. Psychological Medicine, 52 (2), 251–263 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720001890
  • Fryer, D. (2021). Crises within crisis within crises: Global pandemics; Mass unemployment; Anti-Capitalist critique? In I. Strasser & M. Dege (Eds.), The psychology of global crises and crises politics: Intervention, resistance and decolonization (pp. 273-287). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Georgiou, N., Delfabbro, P. & Balzan, R. (2020). Covid-19 related conspiracy beliefs and their relationship with perceived stress and pre-existing conspiracy beliefs. Personality and Individual Differences, 166, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110201
  • Godinic, D., Obrenovic, B. & Khudaykulov, A. (2020). Effects of economic uncertainty on mental health in COVID-19 pandemic context: Social identity disturbance, job uncertainty and psychological well-being model. International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development, 6(1), 61-74.
  • Grennier, S., Barrette, A. M. & Ladouceur, R. (2005). Intolerence of uncertainty and intolerance of ambuguity: Similarities and differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 39 (3), 593-600.
  • McVittie, C. & McCinlay. A. (2017). Attitudes and Attributions. In B. Gough, (Ed.), The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Social Psychology (pp. 269-290). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Osaka, S. & Bellamy, R. (2020). Natural variability or climate change? Stakeholder and citizen perceptions of extreme event attribution. Global Environmental Change, 62, 2-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102070
  • Özdin, S. & Özdin, Ş. B. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: The importance of gender. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(5), 504-511. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020927051
  • Öztürk, Y., Üstünalan, D. & Metin, B. (2020). Pandemi sürecinde kadınların ev içindeki deneyimleri ve evde kalmanın duyguları. Feminist Tahayyül, 1(2), 185-225.
  • Rao, H. & Insead, H. G. (2018). Disasters and community resilience: Spanish flu and formation of retail cooperatives in Norway. Academy of Management Journal, 61(1), 5-25. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2016.0054 Reicher, S., Spears, R., & Haslam, S. A. (2010). Social identity approach in social psychology. In M.S. Wetherell & C. T. Mohanty (Eds.), Sage Identites Handbook (pp. 45-62). London: Sage.
  • Rettie, H. & Daniels, J. (2021). Coping and tolerance of uncertainty: Predictors and mediators of mental health during COVID-19 pandemic. American Psychologist, 76(3), 427-437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/amp0000710 Sarıçam, H., Erguvan, F. M., Akın, A. & Akça, M. Ş. (2014). Belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ölçeği (BTÖ-12) Türkçe formu: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Route Educational and Social Science Journal, 1(3), 148-157.
  • Satici, B., Saricali, Satici, S.A. & Griffiths, M.D. (2020). Intolerance os uncertainty and mental wellbeing: Serial mediation by rumination and fear of COVID-19. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20, 2731-2742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00305-0
  • Schimmenti, A., Billieux, J. & Starcevic, J. (2020). The Four Horseman of Fear: An Integrated Model of Fear Experiences During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Clinical, Neuropsychiatry, 17, 2, 41-45. https://doi.org/10.36131/CN20200202
  • Stenner, P. (2022). The Psychology of Global Crisis Through the Lens of Liminal Experience: Stuck in Middle with SARS-CoV-2. In M. Dege & I. Strasser (Eds.), Global pandemics and epistemic crises in psychology: A socio-philosophical approach (pp. 71-84). New York: Routledge.
  • Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
  • Tateo, L. (2022). Atmos-fear and semiotic devices: How to turn the right to healthcare into a war. In M. Dege & I., Strasser, (Eds.), Global pandemics and epistemic crises in psychology: A socio-philosophical approach (pp. 128-149). New York: Routledge.
  • Uysal, İ., & Kılıç, A. F. (2022). Normal dağılım ikilemi. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 12(1), 220-248. https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.962653
  • Weiner, B. (1985). “Spontaneous” causal thinking. Psychological Bulletin, 97 (1), 74-84.
  • Winner, L. (2021). Preparing for the wrong emergency: Visions of generation changing events. In I. Strasser & M. Dege (Eds.), The psychology of global crises and crises politics: Intervention, resistance and decolonization (pp. 225-240). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • WHO https://covid19.who.int/ 10 Nisan 2023 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Social Psychology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Aysel Kayaoğlu 0000-0003-2281-5078

Project Number Yok
Publication Date September 26, 2023
Acceptance Date September 13, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Kayaoğlu, A. (2023). Bir afet sosyal psikolojisine doğru: Belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğün toplumsal cinsiyet, KOVİD-19 yüklemeleri ve KOVİD-19 fobisi ile ilişkisi. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri Ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 5(3), 218-227. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.23.3.04