Relationship Between Prolonged Grief, Post-Cancer Growth and Self-Compassion in Patients with Lung Cancer
Year 2024,
, 331 - 338, 20.12.2024
Esra Savaş
,
Gülşen Filazoğlu Çokluk
,
Senar Günenç
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between self-compassion, prolonged grief, and post-cancer growth in lung cancer patients. Using a quantitative and cross-sectional research model, 100 lung cancer patients from the Medical Oncology Clinic of Yedikule Hospital were evaluated. Data were collected using socio-demographic forms, the Prolonged Grief Scale, the Cancer Empowerment Scale, and the Self-Compassion Scale. The results showed that there were significant negative correlations between prolonged grief and cancer empowerment and self-compassion. In contrast, self-compassion showed significant positive correlations with cancer empowerment and its sub-dimensions of personal power and social support. These findings suggest that high self-compassion is associated with reduced prolonged grief and increased empowerment and highlight its importance in the psychological well-being and adjustment of lung cancer patients. This study highlights the need for psychological interventions that promote self-compassion to improve quality of life and treatment adherence in this patient population.
References
- Byrne, B. M., & Van de Vijver, F. J. (2010). Testing for measurement and structural equivalence in large-scale cross-cultural studies: Addressing the issue of nonequivalence. International journal of testing, 10(2), 107-132.
- Corovic, S., Vucic, V., Mihaljevic, O., Djordjevic, J., Colovic, S., Radovanovic, S., ... & Milovanovic, O. (2023). Social support score in patients with malignant diseases—with sociodemographic and medical characteristics. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1160020.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1160020
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. SAGE Publications.
- Deniz, M., Kesici, Ş., & Sümer, A. S. (2008). The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Self-Compassion Scale. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 36(9), 1151-1160.
- Frambes, D., Given, B., Lehto, R., Sikorskii, A., & Wyatt, G. (2018). Kanser hastalarının gayri resmi bakıcıları: Müdahalelerin bakım aktivitelerinin ve sonuçların incelenmesi. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 40, 1069–1097.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945917699364
- Garcia, A. C. M., Junior, J. B. C. S., Sarto, K. K., da Silva, M. C. A., das Chagas Paiva, E. M., Nogueira, D. A., & Mills, J. (2021). Quality of life, self-compassion, and mindfulness in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: A cross-sectional study. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 51, 101924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2021.101924
- Golden, J. (2013). Prolonged grief and its association with lung cancer risk. Journal of Cancer Research, 78(2), 315–323.
- Jacobsen, A., Prigerson, H., & Horowitz, M. (2010). Prolonged Grief Disorder: Course, Diagnosis, Assessment, and Treatment. Psychiatric Times, 27(4), 35-40.
- Karabulutlu, E., Karabulutlu, O., & Kahraman, N. (2021). Turkish adaptation and validation of the Cancer Empowerment Scale. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 50, 101880.
- Korotkin, B. D., Hoerger, M., Voorhees, S., Allen, C. O., Robinson, W. R., & Duberstein, P. R. (2019). Kanser hastalarında sosyal destek: Hastalar bizden nasıl yardım etmemizi istiyor? Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 37, 699–712. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347332.2019.1580331
- Kroenke, K., Theobald, D., Wu, J., Norton, K., Morrison, G., Carpenter, J., & Tu, W. (2013). The association of depression and anxiety with health-related quality of life in cancer patients with depression and/or pain. Psycho-Oncology, 22(3), 734–741. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.3051
- Lichtenthal, W. G., Currier, J. M., Neimeyer, R. A., & Keesee, N. J. (2015). The role of psychological factors in cancer progression: Insights from prolonged grief. Cancer Psychology, 32(3), 253–265.
- Luszczynska, A., Pawlowska, I., Cieslak, R., Knoll, N., & Scholz, U. (2013). Social support and quality of life among lung cancer patients: A systematic review. Psycho-Oncology, 22, 2160–2168. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.3218
- Matzka, M., Mayer, H., Köck-Hódi, S., Moses-Passini, C., Dubey, C., Jahn, P., & Schneeweiss, S. (2016). Relationship between resilience, psychological distress, and physical activity in cancer patients: A cross-sectional observational study. Psycho-Oncology, 25(4), 410–415. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.3936
- Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027
- O’Connor, M. (2019). The impact of prolonged grief on cancer development. Psycho-Oncology, 28(7), 1451–1460.
Pasek, M., Suchocka, L., & Gąsior, K. (2021). Model of social support for patients treated for cancer. Cancers, 13(19), 4786. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194786
- Pease, E. A., Finlay, J. M., & Savundranayagam, M. Y. (2015). Social support and coping strategies among lung cancer patients: A review of the literature. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 33(1), 107–119.
- Pehlivan, S., Ovayolu, O., Ovayolu, N., Sevinc, A., & Camci, C. (2012). Türk kanser hastalarında umutsuzluk, yalnızlık ve aileden algılanan sosyal destek arasındaki ilişki. Destek Bakım Kanser, 20, 733–739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-011-1137-5
- Prigerson, H. G., Shear, M. K., Jacobs, S. C., Reynolds, C. F., Maciejewski, P. K., Davidson, J. R. T., ... & Rosenheck, R. A. (1995). Inventory of Complicated Grief: A scale to measure maladaptive symptoms of loss. Psychiatry Research, 59(1-2), 65-79.
- Raksasri, N., Kamsa-Ard, S., Musika, W., Santong, C., & Phunmanee, A. (2023). Treatment outcomes, survival rates, and factors influencing the survival of stage III lung cancer patients treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP, 24(5), 1743–1750.
https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.5.1743
- Roberts, B. W., Jackson, J. J., Fayard, J. V., Edmonds, G., & Meints, J. (2009). Handbook of individual differences in social behavior. Guilford Press.
- Schroevers, M. J., Helgeson, V. S., Sanderman, R., & Ranchor, A. V. (2010). Sosyal destek türü, kanser hastaları arasında travma sonrası büyüme tahmininde önemlidir. Psycho-Oncology, 19(1), 46–53. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.1501
- Schellekens, M. P., Karremans, J. C., van der Drift, M. A., Molema, J., van den Hurk, D. G., Prins, J. B., & Speckens, A. E. (2017). Are mindfulness and self-compassion related to psychological distress and communication in couples facing lung cancer? A dyadic approach. Mindfulness, 8, 325–336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0602-2
- Schuler, M., Wölfer, T., & Dietz, A. (2014). The impact of stress and immune system dysregulation on cancer progression in individuals with prolonged grief syndrome. Frontiers in Immunology, 5(2), 354-369.
- Shobaki, D. M., & Butani, M. S. (2022). A glance at pancreatic cancer. In Pancreatic Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Approach (pp. 1–22). Springer International Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73688-8_1
- Sipahutar, R. P., Alpi, M. F., & Ammy, B. (2021). Determinant Model Of Company Value With Profitability As A Mediation Variable. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 1(2), 189-198.
- Stroebe, M., Schut, H., & Stroebe, W. (2007). Health outcomes of bereavement. The Lancet, 370(9603), 1960–1973. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61816-9
- Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Posttraumatic Growth: Conceptual Foundations and Empirical Evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1-18.
- Thornicroft, G., & Patel, V. (2014). Including mental health among the new sustainable development goals. BMJ, 349- 5189. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g5189
- van den Berg, S. W., Gielissen, M. F., Ottevanger, P. B., & Prins, J. B. (2013). Cancer Empowerment Scale: Development and validation. Psycho-Oncology, 22(6), 1384-1390.
- Williamson, T. J., Garon, E. B., Shapiro, J. R., Chavira, D. A., Goldman, J. W., & Stanton, A. L. (2022). Facets of stigma, self-compassion, and health-related adjustment to lung cancer: A longitudinal study. Health Psychology, 41(4), 301–310. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0001173
- Ye, Z., Qiu, H., Li, P., & Chen, P. (2017). Resilience as a mediator between stigma and quality of life among patients with lung cancer in China: A cross-sectional study. Supportive Care in Cancer, 25(11), 3243–3251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-017-3748-4
- Zou, G., Li, Y., Yang, L., Guo, Y., Zhou, H., & Yi, Y. (2018). The mediating role of resilience between self-compassion and posttraumatic growth in lung cancer patients: A cross-sectional study. Supportive Care in Cancer, 26(10), 3437–3445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-018-4248-2
Akciğer kanseri hastalarında uzun süreli yas, kanser sonrası büyüme ve öz-şefkat arasındaki ilişki.
Year 2024,
, 331 - 338, 20.12.2024
Esra Savaş
,
Gülşen Filazoğlu Çokluk
,
Senar Günenç
Abstract
Bu çalışmada akciğer kanseri hastalarında öz-şefkat, uzun süreli yas ve kanser sonrası büyüme arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. Nicel ve kesitsel bir araştırma modeli kullanılarak, Yedikule Hastanesi Tıbbi Onkoloji Kliniği'nden 100 akciğer kanseri hastası değerlendirilmiştir. Veriler sosyo-demografik forml, Uzamış Yas Ölçeği, Kanser Güçlendirme Ölçeği ve Öz-Şefkat Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Sonuçlar, uzamış yas ile kanser güçlendirme ve öz-şefkat arasında anlamlı negatif korelasyonlar olduğunu göstermiştir. Buna karşılık, öz-şefkat kanser güçlendirme ve onun alt boyutları olan kişisel güç ve sosyal destek ile anlamlı pozitif korelasyonlar göstermiştir. Bu bulgular, yüksek öz-şefkatin uzun süreli yasın azalması ve güçlendirmenin artmasıyla ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koymakta ve akciğer kanseri hastalarının psikolojik esenliği ve uyumundaki önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışma, bu hasta popülasyonunda yaşam kalitesini ve tedaviye uyumu iyileştirmek için öz-şefkati teşvik eden psikolojik müdahalelere duyulan ihtiyacı vurgulamaktadır.
References
- Byrne, B. M., & Van de Vijver, F. J. (2010). Testing for measurement and structural equivalence in large-scale cross-cultural studies: Addressing the issue of nonequivalence. International journal of testing, 10(2), 107-132.
- Corovic, S., Vucic, V., Mihaljevic, O., Djordjevic, J., Colovic, S., Radovanovic, S., ... & Milovanovic, O. (2023). Social support score in patients with malignant diseases—with sociodemographic and medical characteristics. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1160020.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1160020
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. SAGE Publications.
- Deniz, M., Kesici, Ş., & Sümer, A. S. (2008). The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Self-Compassion Scale. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 36(9), 1151-1160.
- Frambes, D., Given, B., Lehto, R., Sikorskii, A., & Wyatt, G. (2018). Kanser hastalarının gayri resmi bakıcıları: Müdahalelerin bakım aktivitelerinin ve sonuçların incelenmesi. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 40, 1069–1097.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945917699364
- Garcia, A. C. M., Junior, J. B. C. S., Sarto, K. K., da Silva, M. C. A., das Chagas Paiva, E. M., Nogueira, D. A., & Mills, J. (2021). Quality of life, self-compassion, and mindfulness in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: A cross-sectional study. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 51, 101924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2021.101924
- Golden, J. (2013). Prolonged grief and its association with lung cancer risk. Journal of Cancer Research, 78(2), 315–323.
- Jacobsen, A., Prigerson, H., & Horowitz, M. (2010). Prolonged Grief Disorder: Course, Diagnosis, Assessment, and Treatment. Psychiatric Times, 27(4), 35-40.
- Karabulutlu, E., Karabulutlu, O., & Kahraman, N. (2021). Turkish adaptation and validation of the Cancer Empowerment Scale. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 50, 101880.
- Korotkin, B. D., Hoerger, M., Voorhees, S., Allen, C. O., Robinson, W. R., & Duberstein, P. R. (2019). Kanser hastalarında sosyal destek: Hastalar bizden nasıl yardım etmemizi istiyor? Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 37, 699–712. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347332.2019.1580331
- Kroenke, K., Theobald, D., Wu, J., Norton, K., Morrison, G., Carpenter, J., & Tu, W. (2013). The association of depression and anxiety with health-related quality of life in cancer patients with depression and/or pain. Psycho-Oncology, 22(3), 734–741. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.3051
- Lichtenthal, W. G., Currier, J. M., Neimeyer, R. A., & Keesee, N. J. (2015). The role of psychological factors in cancer progression: Insights from prolonged grief. Cancer Psychology, 32(3), 253–265.
- Luszczynska, A., Pawlowska, I., Cieslak, R., Knoll, N., & Scholz, U. (2013). Social support and quality of life among lung cancer patients: A systematic review. Psycho-Oncology, 22, 2160–2168. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.3218
- Matzka, M., Mayer, H., Köck-Hódi, S., Moses-Passini, C., Dubey, C., Jahn, P., & Schneeweiss, S. (2016). Relationship between resilience, psychological distress, and physical activity in cancer patients: A cross-sectional observational study. Psycho-Oncology, 25(4), 410–415. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.3936
- Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027
- O’Connor, M. (2019). The impact of prolonged grief on cancer development. Psycho-Oncology, 28(7), 1451–1460.
Pasek, M., Suchocka, L., & Gąsior, K. (2021). Model of social support for patients treated for cancer. Cancers, 13(19), 4786. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194786
- Pease, E. A., Finlay, J. M., & Savundranayagam, M. Y. (2015). Social support and coping strategies among lung cancer patients: A review of the literature. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 33(1), 107–119.
- Pehlivan, S., Ovayolu, O., Ovayolu, N., Sevinc, A., & Camci, C. (2012). Türk kanser hastalarında umutsuzluk, yalnızlık ve aileden algılanan sosyal destek arasındaki ilişki. Destek Bakım Kanser, 20, 733–739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-011-1137-5
- Prigerson, H. G., Shear, M. K., Jacobs, S. C., Reynolds, C. F., Maciejewski, P. K., Davidson, J. R. T., ... & Rosenheck, R. A. (1995). Inventory of Complicated Grief: A scale to measure maladaptive symptoms of loss. Psychiatry Research, 59(1-2), 65-79.
- Raksasri, N., Kamsa-Ard, S., Musika, W., Santong, C., & Phunmanee, A. (2023). Treatment outcomes, survival rates, and factors influencing the survival of stage III lung cancer patients treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP, 24(5), 1743–1750.
https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.5.1743
- Roberts, B. W., Jackson, J. J., Fayard, J. V., Edmonds, G., & Meints, J. (2009). Handbook of individual differences in social behavior. Guilford Press.
- Schroevers, M. J., Helgeson, V. S., Sanderman, R., & Ranchor, A. V. (2010). Sosyal destek türü, kanser hastaları arasında travma sonrası büyüme tahmininde önemlidir. Psycho-Oncology, 19(1), 46–53. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.1501
- Schellekens, M. P., Karremans, J. C., van der Drift, M. A., Molema, J., van den Hurk, D. G., Prins, J. B., & Speckens, A. E. (2017). Are mindfulness and self-compassion related to psychological distress and communication in couples facing lung cancer? A dyadic approach. Mindfulness, 8, 325–336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0602-2
- Schuler, M., Wölfer, T., & Dietz, A. (2014). The impact of stress and immune system dysregulation on cancer progression in individuals with prolonged grief syndrome. Frontiers in Immunology, 5(2), 354-369.
- Shobaki, D. M., & Butani, M. S. (2022). A glance at pancreatic cancer. In Pancreatic Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Approach (pp. 1–22). Springer International Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73688-8_1
- Sipahutar, R. P., Alpi, M. F., & Ammy, B. (2021). Determinant Model Of Company Value With Profitability As A Mediation Variable. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 1(2), 189-198.
- Stroebe, M., Schut, H., & Stroebe, W. (2007). Health outcomes of bereavement. The Lancet, 370(9603), 1960–1973. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61816-9
- Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Posttraumatic Growth: Conceptual Foundations and Empirical Evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1-18.
- Thornicroft, G., & Patel, V. (2014). Including mental health among the new sustainable development goals. BMJ, 349- 5189. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g5189
- van den Berg, S. W., Gielissen, M. F., Ottevanger, P. B., & Prins, J. B. (2013). Cancer Empowerment Scale: Development and validation. Psycho-Oncology, 22(6), 1384-1390.
- Williamson, T. J., Garon, E. B., Shapiro, J. R., Chavira, D. A., Goldman, J. W., & Stanton, A. L. (2022). Facets of stigma, self-compassion, and health-related adjustment to lung cancer: A longitudinal study. Health Psychology, 41(4), 301–310. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0001173
- Ye, Z., Qiu, H., Li, P., & Chen, P. (2017). Resilience as a mediator between stigma and quality of life among patients with lung cancer in China: A cross-sectional study. Supportive Care in Cancer, 25(11), 3243–3251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-017-3748-4
- Zou, G., Li, Y., Yang, L., Guo, Y., Zhou, H., & Yi, Y. (2018). The mediating role of resilience between self-compassion and posttraumatic growth in lung cancer patients: A cross-sectional study. Supportive Care in Cancer, 26(10), 3437–3445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-018-4248-2