Research Article
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An Examination Of The Link Between Neuroticism, Victim Sensitivity and Forgiveness Among University Students

Year 2019, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 108 - 115, 10.08.2019
https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.19.1.13

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between neuroticism and willingness to forgive and to explore the mediating role of justice sensitivity in this relationship Demographic form, Willingness to Forgive Scale, Justice Sensitivity Scale-Victim Form and Big Five Personality Inventory-Short Form were completed by 466 undergraduate students. The results of the hierarchical regression analyses revealed that justice sensitivity fully mediated the relationship between neuroticism and willingness to forgive. The results were discussed along with the literature findings, the strengths, and limitations of the study, suggestions for future researches and practical implications.  

References

  • Ashton, Michael C., Sampo V. Paunonen, Edward Helmes, and Douglas N. Jackson. (1998). "Kin altruism, reciprocal altruism, and the Big Five personality factors." Evolution and Human Behavior 19, 4, 243-255.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology,51(6), 1173-1182.
  • Baumert, A., Gollwitzer, M., Staubach, M., & Schmitt, M. (2011). Justice sensitivity and the processing of justice‐related information. European Journal of Personality, 25(5), 386-397.
  • Baumert, A., Otto, K., Thomas, N., Bobocel, D. R., & Schmitt, M. (2012). Processing of unjust and just information: Interpretation and memory performance related to dispositional victim sensitivity. European Journal of Personality, 26(2), 99- 110.
  • Benet-Martinez, V., & John, O. P. (1998). Los Cinco Grandes across cultures and ethnic groups: Multitrait multimethod analyses of the Big Five in Spanish and English. Journal of personality and social psychology, 75(3), 729.
  • Berry, J. W., & Worthington Jr, E. L. (2001). Forgivingness, relationship quality, stress while imagining relationship events, and physical and mental health. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48(4), 447.
  • Berry, J. W., Worthington, E. L., Parrott, L., O’Connor, L. E., & Wade, N. G. (2001). Dispositional forgivingness: Development and construct validity of the Transgression Narrative Test of Forgivingness (TNTF). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(10), 1277-1290.
  • Bondü, R., &Krahé, B. (2015). Links of justice and rejection sensitivity with aggression in childhood and adolescence. Aggressive behavior, 41(4), 353-368.
  • Braithwaite, J. (1999). Restorative justice: Assessing optimistic and pessimistic accounts. Crime and justice, 25, 1-127.
  • Brose, L. A., Rye, M. S., Lutz-Zois, C., & Ross, S. R. (2005). Forgiveness and personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(1), 35-46.
  • Çoklar, I. (2015).The relationship between personality characteristics and the tendency to forgive on the basis of vengeance and justice sensitivity motives, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Ankara University.
  • Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Four ways five factors are basic. Personality and individual ndifferences, 13(6), 653-665.
  • Dar, Y., & Resh, N. (2001). Exploring the multifaceted structure of sense of deprivation. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31(1), 63-81.
  • DeShea, L. (2003). A Scenario-Based Scale of Willingness to Forgive.Individual Differences Research, 1 (3), 201-217.
  • Enright, R. D. (1996). Counseling within the forgiveness triad: On forgiving, receiving forgiveness, and self‐forgiveness. Counseling and Values, 40(2), 107-126.
  • Enright, R. D., Freedman, S., &Rique, J. (1998). The psychology of interpersonal forgiveness. In R.D.Enright, & J. North (Eds), Exploring forgiveness (pp.46-62) The University of Wisconsin Press.
  • Exline, J. J., Worthington, E. L., Hill, P., & McCullough, M. E. (2003). Forgiveness and justice: A research agenda for social and personality psychology. Personality and social psychology Review, 7(4), 337-348.
  • Faccenda, L., Pantaléon, N., &Reynes, E. (2009). Significant predictors of soccer players’ moral functioning from components of contextual injustice, sensitivity to injustice and moral atmosphere. Social Justice Research,22(4), 399-415.
  • Fetchenhauer, D., & Huang, X. (2004). Justice sensitivity and distributive decisions in experimental games. Personality and Individual Differences,36(5), 1015-1029.
  • Fincham, F. D., & Beach, S. R. (2002). Forgiveness in marriage: Implications for psychological aggression and constructive communication.Personal Relationships, 9(3), 239-251.
  • Fitzgibbons, R. P. (1986). The cognitive and emotive uses of forgiveness in the treatment of anger. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 23(4), 629.
  • Friedberg, J. P., Adonis, M. N., Von Bergen, H. A., &Suchday, S. (2005). September 11th related stress and trauma in New Yorkers. Stress and Health, 21(1), 53-60.
  • Friedberg, J. P., Suchday, S., &Shelov, D. V. (2007). The impact of forgiveness on cardiovascular reactivity and recovery. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 65(2), 87-94.
  • Gerlach, T. M., Allemand, M., Agroskin, D., &Denissen, J. J. (2012). Justice sensitivity and forgiveness in close interpersonal relationships: The mediating role of mistrustful, legitimizing, and pro‐relationship cognitions.Journal of personality, 80(5), 1373-1413.
  • Gollwitzer, M., Rothmund, T., &Süssenbach, P. (2013). The Sensitivity to Mean Intentions (SeMI) model: basic assumptions, recent findings, and potential avenues for future research. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7(7), 415-426.
  • Gollwitzer, M., Rothmund, T., Pfeiffer, A., &Ensenbach, C. (2009). Why and when justice sensitivity leads to pro-and antisocial behavior. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(6), 999-1005.
  • Gollwitzer, M., Schmitt, M., Schalke, R., Maes, J., & Baer, A. (2005). Asymmetrical effects of justice sensitivity perspectives on prosocial and antisocial behavior. Social Justice Research, 18(2), 183-201.
  • Gordon, K. C., Hughes, F. M., Tomcik, N. D., Dixon, L. J., & Litzinger, S. C. (2009). Widening spheres of impact: the role of forgiveness in marital and family functioning. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(1), 1.
  • Harris, A. H., Luskin, F., Norman, S. B., Standard, S., Bruning, J., Evans, S., &Thoresen, C. E. (2006). Effects of a group forgiveness intervention on forgiveness, perceived stress, and trait‐anger. Journal of clinical psychology,62(6), 715-733.
  • Hope, D. (1987). The healing paradox of forgiveness. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 24(2), 240.
  • Kaplan, B. H. (1992). Social health and the forgiving heart: The Type B story. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(1), 3-14.
  • Karremans, J. C., & Van Lange, P. A. (2004). Back to caring after being hurt: The role of forgiveness. European Journal of Social Psychology, 34(2), 207-227.
  • Lawler‐Row, K. A., Younger, J. W., Piferi, R. L., & Jones, W. H. (2006). The role of adult attachment style in forgiveness following an interpersonal offense. Journal of Counseling & Development, 84(4), 493-502.
  • Lovas, L. Wolt, R. (2002). Sensitivity to injustice in the context of some personality traits. Studia Psychologica, 44 (2),125– 131.
  • Mauger, P. A., Perry, J. E., Freeman, T., & Grove, D. C. (1992). The measurement of forgiveness: Preliminary research. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 11(2), 170-180.
  • Marshall, T. F. (1996). The evolution of restorative justice in Britain.European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 4(4), 21-43.
  • McCrae, R. R., & Costa Jr, P. T. (1985). Openness to experience.Perspectives in personality, 1, 145-172.
  • McCullough, M. E., Rachal, K. C., Sandage, S. J., Worthington Jr, E. L., Brown, S. W., &Hight, T. L. (1998). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships: II. Theoretical elaboration and measurement. Journal of personality and social psychology, 75(6), 1586.
  • McCullough, M. E., Pargament, K. I., &Thoresen, C. E. (2000). Forgiveness: Theory. Research, and Practice, New York:Guilford Press.
  • McCullough, M. E., & Hoyt, W. T. (2002). Transgressionrelated motivational dispositions: Personality substrates of forgiveness and their links to the Big Five. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(11), 1556-1573.
  • McCullough, M. E., Bellah, C. G., Kilpatrick, S. D., & Johnson, J. L. (2001). Vengefulness: Relationships with forgiveness, rumination, well-being, and the Big Five. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(5), 601-610.
  • Mohiyeddini, C., & Schmitt, M. J. (1997). Sensitivity to befallen injustice and reactions to unfair treatment in a laboratory situation. Social Justice Research, 10(3), 333-353.
  • Mullet, E., Barros, J., Frongia, L., Usai, V., Neto, F., &Shafighi, S. R. (2003). Religious involvement and the forgiving personality. Journal of Personality, 71 (1), 1–19
  • North, J. (1987). Wrongdoing and forgiveness. Philosophy, 62 (242), 499-508.
  • Paleari, F. G., Regalia, C., & Fincham, F. (2005). Marital quality, forgiveness, empathy, and rumination: A longitudinal analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(3), 368-378.
  • Ross, S. R., Kendall, A. C., Matters, K. G., Mark S. Rye, M. S. R., &Wrobel, T. A. (2004). A personological examination of self-and other-forgiveness in the five factor model. Journal of Personality Assessment,82(2), 207-214.
  • Schmitt, M. (1996). Individual differences in sensitivity to befallen injustice (SBI). Personality and individual differences, 21(1), 3-20.
  • Schmitt, M. J., &Mohiyeddini, C. (1996). Sensitivity to befallen injustice and reactions to a real-life disadvantage. Social Justice Research, 9(3), 223-238.
  • Schmitt, M. J., Neumann, R., & Montada, L. (1995). Dispositional sensitivity to befallen injustice. Social Justice Research, 8(4), 385-407.
  • Schmitt, M., & Dörfel, M. (1999). Procedural injustice at work, justice sensitivity, job satisfaction, and psychosomatic well‐being. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29(4), 443- 453.
  • Schmitt, M., Baumert, A., Gollwitzer, M., &Maes, J. (2010). The justice sensitivity inventory: Factorial validity, location in the personality facet space, demographic pattern, and normative data. Social Justice Research,23(2-3), 211-238.
  • Schmitt, M., Gollwitzer, M., Maes, J., &Arbach, D. (2005). Justice sensitivity. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 21(3), 202-211.
  • Sümer, N., Lajunen, T., &Özkan, T. (2005). Big Five Personality Traits As The Distal Predictors Of Road Accident. Traffic and Transport Psychology: Theory and Application, 215-227.
  • Tangney, J. P., Boone, A. L., & Dearing, R. (2005). Forgiving the self: Conceptual issues and empirical findings. In E.L.Worthington (Ed), Handbook of forgiveness (pp.143-158) New York: Routledge.Handbook of forgiveness, 143-158.
  • Tsang, J., McCullough, M., &Fincham, F. D. (2006). Forgiveness and the psychological dimension of reconciliation: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25(4), 404-428.
  • Van den Bos, K., Maas, M., Waldring, I. E., & Semin, G. R. (2003). Toward understanding the psychology of reactions to perceived fairness: The role of affect intensity. Social Justice Research, 16(2), 151-168.
  • Vasalou, A., Hopfensitz, A., & Pitt, J. V. (2008). In praise of forgiveness: Ways for repairing trust breakdowns in one-off online interactions. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 66(6), 466-480.
  • Walker, D. F., & Gorsuch, R. L. (2002). Forgiveness within the Big Five personality model. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(7), 1127-1137.
  • Witvliet, C. V. O., Phipps, K. A., Feldman, M. E., & Beckham, J. C. (2004). Posttraumatic mental and physical health correlates of forgiveness and religious coping in military veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17(3), 269-273.
  • Worthington Jr, E. L. (1998). The pyramid model of forgiveness: Some interdisciplinary speculations about unforgiveness and the promotion of forgiveness. Dimensions of forgiveness: Psychological research and theological perspectives, 107-137.
  • Worthington, E. L., &DiBlasio, F. (1990). Promoting mutual forgiveness within the fractured relationship. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 27(2), 219-223.
  • Yaşar, O., Gökcan, H. T., &Artuç, M. (2010). YorumluUygulamalı Türk Ceza Kanunu. C. VI, Ankara, Adalet Yayınevi.
  • Ysseldyk, R., Matheson, K., &Anisman, H. (2007). Rumination: Bridging a gap between forgivingness, vengefulness, and psychological health. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(8), 1573-1584.
  • Zehr, H.(1990). Changing Lenses, A New Focus for Crime and Justice. Scottsdale, PA: Herald Press.
Year 2019, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 108 - 115, 10.08.2019
https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.19.1.13

Abstract

References

  • Ashton, Michael C., Sampo V. Paunonen, Edward Helmes, and Douglas N. Jackson. (1998). "Kin altruism, reciprocal altruism, and the Big Five personality factors." Evolution and Human Behavior 19, 4, 243-255.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology,51(6), 1173-1182.
  • Baumert, A., Gollwitzer, M., Staubach, M., & Schmitt, M. (2011). Justice sensitivity and the processing of justice‐related information. European Journal of Personality, 25(5), 386-397.
  • Baumert, A., Otto, K., Thomas, N., Bobocel, D. R., & Schmitt, M. (2012). Processing of unjust and just information: Interpretation and memory performance related to dispositional victim sensitivity. European Journal of Personality, 26(2), 99- 110.
  • Benet-Martinez, V., & John, O. P. (1998). Los Cinco Grandes across cultures and ethnic groups: Multitrait multimethod analyses of the Big Five in Spanish and English. Journal of personality and social psychology, 75(3), 729.
  • Berry, J. W., & Worthington Jr, E. L. (2001). Forgivingness, relationship quality, stress while imagining relationship events, and physical and mental health. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48(4), 447.
  • Berry, J. W., Worthington, E. L., Parrott, L., O’Connor, L. E., & Wade, N. G. (2001). Dispositional forgivingness: Development and construct validity of the Transgression Narrative Test of Forgivingness (TNTF). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(10), 1277-1290.
  • Bondü, R., &Krahé, B. (2015). Links of justice and rejection sensitivity with aggression in childhood and adolescence. Aggressive behavior, 41(4), 353-368.
  • Braithwaite, J. (1999). Restorative justice: Assessing optimistic and pessimistic accounts. Crime and justice, 25, 1-127.
  • Brose, L. A., Rye, M. S., Lutz-Zois, C., & Ross, S. R. (2005). Forgiveness and personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(1), 35-46.
  • Çoklar, I. (2015).The relationship between personality characteristics and the tendency to forgive on the basis of vengeance and justice sensitivity motives, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Ankara University.
  • Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Four ways five factors are basic. Personality and individual ndifferences, 13(6), 653-665.
  • Dar, Y., & Resh, N. (2001). Exploring the multifaceted structure of sense of deprivation. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31(1), 63-81.
  • DeShea, L. (2003). A Scenario-Based Scale of Willingness to Forgive.Individual Differences Research, 1 (3), 201-217.
  • Enright, R. D. (1996). Counseling within the forgiveness triad: On forgiving, receiving forgiveness, and self‐forgiveness. Counseling and Values, 40(2), 107-126.
  • Enright, R. D., Freedman, S., &Rique, J. (1998). The psychology of interpersonal forgiveness. In R.D.Enright, & J. North (Eds), Exploring forgiveness (pp.46-62) The University of Wisconsin Press.
  • Exline, J. J., Worthington, E. L., Hill, P., & McCullough, M. E. (2003). Forgiveness and justice: A research agenda for social and personality psychology. Personality and social psychology Review, 7(4), 337-348.
  • Faccenda, L., Pantaléon, N., &Reynes, E. (2009). Significant predictors of soccer players’ moral functioning from components of contextual injustice, sensitivity to injustice and moral atmosphere. Social Justice Research,22(4), 399-415.
  • Fetchenhauer, D., & Huang, X. (2004). Justice sensitivity and distributive decisions in experimental games. Personality and Individual Differences,36(5), 1015-1029.
  • Fincham, F. D., & Beach, S. R. (2002). Forgiveness in marriage: Implications for psychological aggression and constructive communication.Personal Relationships, 9(3), 239-251.
  • Fitzgibbons, R. P. (1986). The cognitive and emotive uses of forgiveness in the treatment of anger. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 23(4), 629.
  • Friedberg, J. P., Adonis, M. N., Von Bergen, H. A., &Suchday, S. (2005). September 11th related stress and trauma in New Yorkers. Stress and Health, 21(1), 53-60.
  • Friedberg, J. P., Suchday, S., &Shelov, D. V. (2007). The impact of forgiveness on cardiovascular reactivity and recovery. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 65(2), 87-94.
  • Gerlach, T. M., Allemand, M., Agroskin, D., &Denissen, J. J. (2012). Justice sensitivity and forgiveness in close interpersonal relationships: The mediating role of mistrustful, legitimizing, and pro‐relationship cognitions.Journal of personality, 80(5), 1373-1413.
  • Gollwitzer, M., Rothmund, T., &Süssenbach, P. (2013). The Sensitivity to Mean Intentions (SeMI) model: basic assumptions, recent findings, and potential avenues for future research. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7(7), 415-426.
  • Gollwitzer, M., Rothmund, T., Pfeiffer, A., &Ensenbach, C. (2009). Why and when justice sensitivity leads to pro-and antisocial behavior. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(6), 999-1005.
  • Gollwitzer, M., Schmitt, M., Schalke, R., Maes, J., & Baer, A. (2005). Asymmetrical effects of justice sensitivity perspectives on prosocial and antisocial behavior. Social Justice Research, 18(2), 183-201.
  • Gordon, K. C., Hughes, F. M., Tomcik, N. D., Dixon, L. J., & Litzinger, S. C. (2009). Widening spheres of impact: the role of forgiveness in marital and family functioning. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(1), 1.
  • Harris, A. H., Luskin, F., Norman, S. B., Standard, S., Bruning, J., Evans, S., &Thoresen, C. E. (2006). Effects of a group forgiveness intervention on forgiveness, perceived stress, and trait‐anger. Journal of clinical psychology,62(6), 715-733.
  • Hope, D. (1987). The healing paradox of forgiveness. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 24(2), 240.
  • Kaplan, B. H. (1992). Social health and the forgiving heart: The Type B story. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(1), 3-14.
  • Karremans, J. C., & Van Lange, P. A. (2004). Back to caring after being hurt: The role of forgiveness. European Journal of Social Psychology, 34(2), 207-227.
  • Lawler‐Row, K. A., Younger, J. W., Piferi, R. L., & Jones, W. H. (2006). The role of adult attachment style in forgiveness following an interpersonal offense. Journal of Counseling & Development, 84(4), 493-502.
  • Lovas, L. Wolt, R. (2002). Sensitivity to injustice in the context of some personality traits. Studia Psychologica, 44 (2),125– 131.
  • Mauger, P. A., Perry, J. E., Freeman, T., & Grove, D. C. (1992). The measurement of forgiveness: Preliminary research. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 11(2), 170-180.
  • Marshall, T. F. (1996). The evolution of restorative justice in Britain.European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 4(4), 21-43.
  • McCrae, R. R., & Costa Jr, P. T. (1985). Openness to experience.Perspectives in personality, 1, 145-172.
  • McCullough, M. E., Rachal, K. C., Sandage, S. J., Worthington Jr, E. L., Brown, S. W., &Hight, T. L. (1998). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships: II. Theoretical elaboration and measurement. Journal of personality and social psychology, 75(6), 1586.
  • McCullough, M. E., Pargament, K. I., &Thoresen, C. E. (2000). Forgiveness: Theory. Research, and Practice, New York:Guilford Press.
  • McCullough, M. E., & Hoyt, W. T. (2002). Transgressionrelated motivational dispositions: Personality substrates of forgiveness and their links to the Big Five. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(11), 1556-1573.
  • McCullough, M. E., Bellah, C. G., Kilpatrick, S. D., & Johnson, J. L. (2001). Vengefulness: Relationships with forgiveness, rumination, well-being, and the Big Five. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(5), 601-610.
  • Mohiyeddini, C., & Schmitt, M. J. (1997). Sensitivity to befallen injustice and reactions to unfair treatment in a laboratory situation. Social Justice Research, 10(3), 333-353.
  • Mullet, E., Barros, J., Frongia, L., Usai, V., Neto, F., &Shafighi, S. R. (2003). Religious involvement and the forgiving personality. Journal of Personality, 71 (1), 1–19
  • North, J. (1987). Wrongdoing and forgiveness. Philosophy, 62 (242), 499-508.
  • Paleari, F. G., Regalia, C., & Fincham, F. (2005). Marital quality, forgiveness, empathy, and rumination: A longitudinal analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(3), 368-378.
  • Ross, S. R., Kendall, A. C., Matters, K. G., Mark S. Rye, M. S. R., &Wrobel, T. A. (2004). A personological examination of self-and other-forgiveness in the five factor model. Journal of Personality Assessment,82(2), 207-214.
  • Schmitt, M. (1996). Individual differences in sensitivity to befallen injustice (SBI). Personality and individual differences, 21(1), 3-20.
  • Schmitt, M. J., &Mohiyeddini, C. (1996). Sensitivity to befallen injustice and reactions to a real-life disadvantage. Social Justice Research, 9(3), 223-238.
  • Schmitt, M. J., Neumann, R., & Montada, L. (1995). Dispositional sensitivity to befallen injustice. Social Justice Research, 8(4), 385-407.
  • Schmitt, M., & Dörfel, M. (1999). Procedural injustice at work, justice sensitivity, job satisfaction, and psychosomatic well‐being. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29(4), 443- 453.
  • Schmitt, M., Baumert, A., Gollwitzer, M., &Maes, J. (2010). The justice sensitivity inventory: Factorial validity, location in the personality facet space, demographic pattern, and normative data. Social Justice Research,23(2-3), 211-238.
  • Schmitt, M., Gollwitzer, M., Maes, J., &Arbach, D. (2005). Justice sensitivity. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 21(3), 202-211.
  • Sümer, N., Lajunen, T., &Özkan, T. (2005). Big Five Personality Traits As The Distal Predictors Of Road Accident. Traffic and Transport Psychology: Theory and Application, 215-227.
  • Tangney, J. P., Boone, A. L., & Dearing, R. (2005). Forgiving the self: Conceptual issues and empirical findings. In E.L.Worthington (Ed), Handbook of forgiveness (pp.143-158) New York: Routledge.Handbook of forgiveness, 143-158.
  • Tsang, J., McCullough, M., &Fincham, F. D. (2006). Forgiveness and the psychological dimension of reconciliation: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25(4), 404-428.
  • Van den Bos, K., Maas, M., Waldring, I. E., & Semin, G. R. (2003). Toward understanding the psychology of reactions to perceived fairness: The role of affect intensity. Social Justice Research, 16(2), 151-168.
  • Vasalou, A., Hopfensitz, A., & Pitt, J. V. (2008). In praise of forgiveness: Ways for repairing trust breakdowns in one-off online interactions. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 66(6), 466-480.
  • Walker, D. F., & Gorsuch, R. L. (2002). Forgiveness within the Big Five personality model. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(7), 1127-1137.
  • Witvliet, C. V. O., Phipps, K. A., Feldman, M. E., & Beckham, J. C. (2004). Posttraumatic mental and physical health correlates of forgiveness and religious coping in military veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17(3), 269-273.
  • Worthington Jr, E. L. (1998). The pyramid model of forgiveness: Some interdisciplinary speculations about unforgiveness and the promotion of forgiveness. Dimensions of forgiveness: Psychological research and theological perspectives, 107-137.
  • Worthington, E. L., &DiBlasio, F. (1990). Promoting mutual forgiveness within the fractured relationship. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 27(2), 219-223.
  • Yaşar, O., Gökcan, H. T., &Artuç, M. (2010). YorumluUygulamalı Türk Ceza Kanunu. C. VI, Ankara, Adalet Yayınevi.
  • Ysseldyk, R., Matheson, K., &Anisman, H. (2007). Rumination: Bridging a gap between forgivingness, vengefulness, and psychological health. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(8), 1573-1584.
  • Zehr, H.(1990). Changing Lenses, A New Focus for Crime and Justice. Scottsdale, PA: Herald Press.
There are 64 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

İşıl Çoklar This is me

Ali Dönmez This is me

Publication Date August 10, 2019
Acceptance Date July 26, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Çoklar, İ., & Dönmez, A. (2019). An Examination Of The Link Between Neuroticism, Victim Sensitivity and Forgiveness Among University Students. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri Ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 1(2), 108-115. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.19.1.13