Yetişkin Zorbalık Ölçeği: Bir Uyarlama Çalışması

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 3 - 12, 21.03.2025

Gökçe Deniz Kadan , Füsun Gökkaya , Şeyma Tunçay

https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.25.1.01

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı “Zorbalık Ölçeği”ni Türk kültürüne uyarlamaktır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 542 yetişkin oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin toplanmasında araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan sosyodemografik bilgi formu, Zorbalık Ölçeği, Revize Edilmiş Siber Zorbalık Ölçeği'nin İkinci Revizyonu - II ve Kirli Düzine Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi için SPSS 26 ve AMOS 24 programları kullanılarak açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Verilerin faktör analizine uygunluğunun belirlenmesi amacıyla Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO= .940) Örnekleme Yeterliliği Ölçümü ve Bartlett Küresellik Testi (x2= 6150.337, sd=153, p<.05) yapılmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizine göre ölçeğin son hali toplam varyansın %51'ini açıklamaktadır ve 1 faktör altında toplanmış 18 maddeden oluşmaktadır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda elde edilen sonuçları test etmek için doğrulayıcı faktör analizi kullanılmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizinden elde edilen sonuçların (CMIN/DF= 5.021, GFI= .90, CFI= .92, NFI= .91, RMSEA= .09, RMR= .048) açımlayıcı bulgularla tutarlı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. faktör analizi. Ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerinde Cronbach alfa, madde-toplam korelasyonu, test-tekrar test ve benzeri ölçek geçerliliği yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin genelinden elde edilen Cronbach alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısı .94 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda elde edilen bulgular literatür çerçevesinde tartışılmış ve Zorbalık Ölçeği gerekli psikometrik özelliklere sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

yetişkin zorbalığı, zorbalık, zorba, güvenirlik, geçerlilik

Ethical Statement

Within the scope of the adaptation study, firstly, a study permit (-100-4209, EKK21-22/012/06) was obtained from the Cyprus International University Ethics Committee after obtaining the necessary written approvals for the scales used in the study.

Supporting Institution

-

Thanks

-

The Adult Bullying Scale: An Adaptation Study

Abstract

The aim of this study was to adapt the “Bullying Questionnaire” to Turkish culture. The sample of the study consists of 542 adults. For data collection, the sociodemographic information form prepared by the researcher, The Bullying Questionnaire, The Second Revision of the Revised Cyber Bullying Scale - II and The Dirty Dozen Scale were used. For the analysis of the data, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed using SPSS 26 and AMOS 24 programs. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO= .940) Measure of Sampling Adequacy and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity (x2= 6150.337, sd=153, p<.05) were conducted to determine the conformance of data to factor analysis. According to the exploratory factor analysis, the final version of the scale accounts for %51 of the total variance and consists of 18 items gathered under 1 factor. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the results obtained as a result of exploratory factor analysis. It was concluded that the results obtained from confirmatory factor analysis (CMIN/DF= 5.021, GFI= .90, CFI= .92, NFI= .91, RMSEA= .09, RMR= .048) were consistent with the findings of exploratory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha, item-total correlation, test-retest and similar scale validity methods were used in the validity and reliability analyzes of the scale. The Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient obtained from the overall scale was calculated as .94. The findings obtained as a result of the analyses were discussed in the framework of the literature, and it was determined that the Bullying Questionnaire had the necessary psychometric properties.

Keywords

adult bullying, bully, bullying, reliability, validity

References

• Ayas, T., Pişkin, M. (2015). Akran zorbalığı belirleme ölçeği ergen formu. Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (50), 316-324.
• Aydın, O., & Öcel, H. (2009). İşyeri zorbalığı ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 12(24), 94-103.
• Baughman, H. M., Dearing S., Giammarco, E., & Vernon, P. A. (2012). Relationships between bullying behaviours and the Dark Triad: A study with adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(5), 571-575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.020
• Beale, A. V. (2001). "Bullybusters": Using drama to empower students to take a stand against bullying behavior. Professional School Counseling, 4(4), 300-305.
• Campbell, W. K., Hoffman, B. J., Campbell, S. M., Marchisio, G. (2011). Narcissism in organizational contexts. Human Resource Management Review, 21(4), 268-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.10.007
• Crick, N. R., & Bigbee, M. A. (1998). Relational and overt forms of peer victimization: A multiinformant approach. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66(2), 337–347. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.66.2.337
• Elliot, M. (2002) Bullying: A practical guide to coping for schools. London Pearson. Eraslan-Çapan, B., Satıcı, S. A., Yılmaz, M. F., & Kayiş, A. R. (2015). Karanlık Üçlü Ölçeği: Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması. 13. Ulusal Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Kongresinde sunulmuştur, 7-10 Ekim, Mersin, Türkiye.
• Flexon, J. L., Meldrum, R. C., Young, J. T., Lehmann, P. S. (2016). Low self-control and the Dark Triad: Disentangling the predictive power of personality traits on young adult substance use, offending and victimization. Journal of Criminal Justice, 46, 159-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.05.006
• Furtner, M. R., Rauthmann, J. F., Sachse, P. (2011). The self-loving self-leader: An examination of the relationship between self-leadership and the dark triad. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 39(3), 369–379. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2011.39.3.369
• Goodboy, A. K., Martin, M. M. (2015). The personality profile of a cyberbully: Examining the Dark Triad. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.052
• Gorsuch, R. L. (1990). Common factor analysis versus component analysis: Some well and little known facts. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25(1), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2501_3
• Grgic, J., Lazinica, B., Schoenfeld, B. J., Pedisic, Z. (2020). Test–retest reliability of the one-repetition maximum (1RM) strength assessment: a systematic review. Sports Medicine-Open, 6(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-020-00260-z
• Haidl, T. K., Schneider, N., Dickmann, K., Ruhrmann, S., Kaiser, N., Rosen, M., ... Piccin, S. (2020). Validation of the Bullying Scale for Adults-Results of the PRONIA-study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 129, 88-97.
• https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.04.004.
• Jesus, L. M. T., ve Valente, A. R. (2016). Cross-cultural adaptation of health assessment instruments. Retrieved from http:// sweet.ua.pt/lmtj/lmtj/JesusValente2016.pdf.
• Jonason, P. K., Webster, G. D. (2010). The dirty dozen: a concise measure of the dark triad. Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 420-432. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0019265
• Kanten, P. (2014), Narsistik kişilik özelliğinin örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerindeki etkisinde örgüt ikliminin düzenleyici rolü, Yönetim: İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme İktisadı Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(76), 160-184.
• Kim, M., J., Catalano, R., F., Haggerty, K., P., Abbott, R., D. (2011). Bullying at elementary school and problem behaviour in young adulthood: A study of bullying, violence and substance use from age 11 to age 21. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 21, 136–144. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.804
• Masakala, M., Mofokeng, M., Muchocho, A., Sibisi, S., le Roux, J., le Roux, H., Joubert, G. (2023). Psychiatric morbidity in children involved in bullying treated at the Free State Psychiatric Complex. South African Journal of Psychiatry, 29 (1), 2000-2007.
• Modecki, K. L., Minchin, J., Harbaugh, A. G., Guerra, N. G., & Runions, K. C. (2014). Bullying prevalence across contexts: A meta-analysis measuring cyber and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55(5), 602-611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.06.007
• Olweus, D. (2004). The Olweus bullying prevention programme: Design and implementation issues and a new national initiative in Norway. In P.K. Smith, D. Pepler, and K. Rigby (Eds.), Bullying in Schools: How Successful Can Interventions Be?. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
• Paulhus, D. L., Williams, K. M. (2002). The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 556–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6
• Piotrowski, C., King, C. (2016). The enigma of adult bullying in higher education: A research-based conceptual framework. Education, 136(3), 299-306.
• Randall, P. (1997). Bullying in Adulthood: Perpetrators and Victims. London: Routledge.
• Satan, A., Kulaksızoğlu, A. (2008). Zorbalık davranış eğilimi ölçeğinin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(28), 115-126.
• Shkeer, A. S., Awang, Z. (2019). Exploring the items for measuring the marketing information system construct: An exploratory factor analysis. International Review of Management and Marketing, 9(6), 87-97. https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.8622
• Stark, N., Bobadilla, L., Michael, P., Saturn, S., Portner, M. (2023). A meta-analytic review of the relationship between empathy and oxytocin: Implications for application in psychopathy research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 70.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2023.101828
• Tokarev, A., Phillips, A. R., Hughes, D. J., Irwing, P. (2017). Leader dark traits, workplace bullying, and employee depression: Exploring mediation and the role of the dark core. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126(7), 911- 920. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000299
• Topçu, Ç., Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2018). RCBI-II: The second revision of the revised cyber bullying inventory. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 51(1), 32-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481756.2017.1395705
• Tostlebe, J. J. (2023). The Intersection of Social States and Individual Characteristics: A Longitudinal Examination of the Gang Membership-Psychopathic Tendencies Link and Its Association with Offending (Doctorate Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder).
• Williams, B., Onsman, A., Brown, T. (2010). Exploratory factor analysis: A five-step guide for novices. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine, 8, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.33151/ajp.8.3.93.