Piye Zafer Steline Göre Eski Mısır’daki Merkezileşmiş Yönetim Sisteminin Çöküşü

Abstract

Günümüz Kuzey Sudan topraklarının Eski Çağ’daki siyasi ismi olan Nübye’yi yöneten Kral Piye’nin Mısır’da kazandığı zaferleri anlatan dikilitaş, Eski Mısır’daki gösteriş yazıtlarının en iyi örneklerinden biri olup, eşsiz anlatım üslubundan dolayı oldukça ünlüdür. Piye’nin Zafer Steli dönemin tarihi hakkında bilgiler verirken Nübye ve Mısır kraliyetine ait propaganda yazıtlarından biridir. Stel, Kral Piye’nin yönetiminin meşruiyetini ilan ederken krallığı için aldığı ilahi onayı, bir kral olarak kazandığı savaşlarla tanrılardan aldığı desteği, Nübyeli bir kral olsa dahi gerçek bir Mısırlı olduğunu göstermekteydi. Ayrıca stel, Libyalıların, Mısır işgalini önleyen kahraman Nübyeli bir kral biyografisini temel anlatım kurgusu olarak benimsemiştir. Dikilitaş, 1862 yılında antik Napata kentinde yürütülen arkeolojik kazılarda, Gebel Barkal tapınağının enkazı altında keşfedilmiştir. MÖ 744-714 yılları arasında Nübye kralı olan Piye, Nil Nehri hattı boyunca kuzeye düzenlemiş olduğu askeri seferlerle siyasi birliğini kaybetmiş olan Mısır’ı yönetimi altına almaya çalışmıştır. Piye’nin Mısır’ı hakimiyeti altına almaya çalıştığı dönemde, Libyalı topluluklar, Nil Nehri’nin sağladığı tarımsal geliri yağmalamak için Mısır’a saldırılar düzenlemekteydi. Piye, Zafer Steli’nde anlattığı gibi Libyalıları durdurmuş ve Mısır’ın zenginliğini kendi hazinesine aktarmayı başarmıştır. Eski Mısır tarihçilerinin “III. Ara Dönem” olarak isimlendirdiği siyasi otorite boşluğu döneminde Mısır topraklarının büyük kısmını yönetimine alan Piye’ni zaferleri hakkındaki stel, abartılı olsa dahi, eşsiz bilgiler vermektedir. Bu çalışma, Piye’nin Zafer Steli’ndeki anlatımları temel referans kaynağı alarak dönemin siyasi durumu, III. Ara Dönemin genel karakteristiği ve Mısır’da binyıllardan beri devam eden merkezi sistemin çöküşü hakkında yeni yorumlar üretmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

• Piye
• Nübye
• Eski Mısır
• Napata
• Gebel Barkal.

The Collapse Of The Centralized Government System In Ancient Egypt According To The Piye Victory Stele

Abstract

The stele, which depicts the victories of King Piye in Egypt, who ruled Nubia, the ancient political entity of what is now Northern Sudan, is one of the finest examples of ostentation inscriptions in Ancient Egypt and is renowned for its unique narrative style. Piye’s Victory Stele provides insights into the history of the period and is a propagandistic inscription belonging to the Nubian and Egyptian royal courts. The stele proclaims the legitimacy of King Piye’s rule, demonstrating the divine approval he received for his kingship, the support he received from the gods through his battles as king, and his true Egyptian identity, even though he was a Nubian king. Furthermore, the stele adopts as its central narrative narrative the biography of a heroic Nubian king who prevented the Libyan invasion of Egypt. The stele was discovered beneath the ruins of the Gebel Barkal temple during archaeological excavations at the ancient city of Napata in 1862. Piye, the Nubian king between 747 and 656 BC, attempted to bring Egypt, which had lost its political unity, under his rule through military campaigns north along the Nile River. During Piye’s attempts to control Egypt, Libyan communities were launching attacks on Egypt to plunder the agricultural income provided by the Nile. As described in the Victory Stele, Piye stopped the Libyans and succeeded in transferring Egypt’s wealth to his own treasury. The stele provides unique, if exaggerated, information about Piye’s victories, which brought him to control much of Egypt during the period of political power vacuum, which ancient Egyptian historians refer to as the "Third Intermediate Period." This study, using the narratives in Piye’s Victory Stele as a primary reference, aims to generate new interpretations of the political climate of the period, the general characteristics of the Third Intermediate Period, and the collapse of the centralized system that had persisted for millennia in Egypt.

Keywords

• Piye
• Nubia
• Ancient Egypt
• Napata
• Gebel Barkal.

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